In this thesis, we study a multi-period, multi-product, production planning problem for the lumber industry, and present a hierarchical approach to control and schedule lumber production in a sawmill. First, at the sawing unit, the lower level of the hierarchical structure, the combination of log classes, price lists and sawing patterns defines the expected output distribution in terms of lumber pieces. A price list, defining the value of outputs, is fed directly to the sawmill production control optimizer to select the best sawing patterns. This results in a broad variety of different lumber outputs. Second, at the upper level, a mixed integer programming model has been proposed to maximize the total revenue at the sawmill. The lumber outputs determined at the lower level are used as data at the upper level. Market demand, lumber inventory cost, and supply cost are considered over the planning horizon. The proposed model has been developed and implemented on a real-scale prototype sawmill.

Chapter 1. The hardwood forests of Western Australia -- 2. Sustained yield management and its influence upon timber production -- The influence of technical developments upon sawmilling operations -- Labour organisation and sawmilling practice -- The rationalisation of the production of timber -- Future prospects for Western Australian hardwoods

Syfte: År 2016 blev det lagstadgat i Sverige att större företag måste inkludera uppgifter om hållbarhet i sin årsredovisning. Eftersom större organisationer från trävaruindustrin i Sverige generellt sett publicerar omfattande och presentabla hållbarhetsrapporter, hade det varit intressant att undersöka incitamenten till detta med utgångspunkt i NIS. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka isomorfa faktorer som påverkar hur ett större företag inom den svenska trävaruindustrin utformar sin hållbarhetsrapport.  Metod: Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ fallstudie med ett induktivt angreppssätt. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 10 personer i ett företag inom den svenska trävaruindustrin. Det insamlade materialet har kodats tematiskt för att sedan kunna analysera den tillsammans med analysmodellen från teoretiska referensramen.  Resultat & slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att det undersökta företaget blir påverkade av två isomorfa faktorer. Tvingande isomorfism påverkar företaget i högre grad medan den normativa isomorfismen påverkar företaget till viss del. Den härmande isomorfismen påverkar inte företaget i lika hög utsträckning. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studiens teoretiska bidrag är att öka förståelsen för vilka isomorfa faktorer som påverkar hur ett företag inom trävarubranschen upprättar sin hållbarhetsrapport. Det praktiska bidraget är att företag måste ta hänsyn till vad omgivningen efterfrågar ur hållbarhetsrapporten för att undvika att förlora sin legitimitet. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Utföra studier på fler företag inom samma bransch och jämföra resultatet. Även inkludera fler kontextuella teorier för att undersöka andra faktorer som påverkar rapportens utseende. Det hade även varit intressant att studera hållbarhetsrapporter över tid för att undersöka om det finns en förändring. Till sist hade det varit till stor hjälp att ta fram ett jämförelseinstrument för hållbarhetsrapporter. / Aim: In 2016, it became statutory in Sweden that larger companies must include information on sustainability in their annual report. Since larger organizations from the lumber industry in Sweden generally publish comprehensive and presentable reports, it would have been interesting to examine the incentives for this based on NIS. The purpose of the study is to investigate which isomorphic factors affect how a major company in the Swedish lumber industry designs its sustainability report.  Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative case study using an inductive approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 employees in a company in the Swedish lumber industry. The empirical material has been coded thematically in order to then be able to analyze it together with the analysis model from the theoretical framework. Result & Conclusions: The results of the study show that the examined company is affected by two isomorphic factors. Coercive isomorphism affects the company to a greater extent, while normative isomorphism affects the company to some extent. The mimetic isomorphism does not affect the company to the same extent. Contribution of the thesis: The theoretical contribution of the study is to increase the understanding of which isomorphic factors affect how a company in the lumber industry establish their sustainability report. The practical contribution is that companies must consider what the environment demands from the sustainability report in order to avoid losing their legitimacy. Suggestions for future research: Perform studies on several companies in the same industry and compare the results. Also include more contextual theories to investigate other factors that affect the appearance of the report. It would also have been interesting to study sustainability reports over time to investigate whether there is a change or not. Finally, it would be helpful to develop a comparison instrument for sustainability reports.

Nous abordons le problème de la gestion des chaînes logistiques dans le cadre d’une démarche RSE (Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises). Nous proposons une approche intégrée qui permet d’opérationnaliser l’évaluation de la performance suivant les dimensions économique, environnementale et sociale aux niveaux de décisions stratégique, tactique et opérationnel. Nous déclinons notre approche aux niveaux stratégique et tactique, pour le problème d’internalisation/externalisation « durable » des activités de la chaîne de valeur d’une part (décision stratégique), et pour le problème de la planification stratégique-tactique durable de la chaîne logistique, d’autre part. Nous réalisons dans le premier cas une analyse de la valeur que nous couplons à l’évaluation de la performance en utilisant une méthode d’aide à la décision multicritères agrégative : l’AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Dans le second cas, nous formulons le problème comme un programme mathématique multi-objectifs que nous résolvons sur la base d’un cas réaliste issu de l’industrie canadienne du bois d’œuvre. Nous obtenons, à l’issue de la résolution mathématique, plusieurs solutions de compromis (optimums de Pareto) présentant différents niveaux de performances économique, environnementale et sociale, permettant au décideur de choisir la solution qui correspond le mieux à sa stratégie RSE. Cette application illustre la méthode proposée et met en avant la valeur pratique de notre approche. / We address the problem of supply chain management in the context of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). We propose an integrated approach allowing the operationalization of the economic, environmental and social performances at the strategic, tactical and operational decision levels of the supply chain. In particular, we apply our approach to the strategic and tactical levels, for the problem of sustainable insourcing/outsourcing of the activities of the value chain on the one hand (strategic decision), and for the problem of the strategic-tactical planning of a sustainable supply chain on the other hand. In the former case, we combine value analysis with performance measurement using AHP method (Analytical Hierarchy Process), an aggregative multi-criteria technique. In the latter, we develop a multi-objective mathematical program that we apply to a realistic case inspired by the Canadian lumber industry. After solving the problem, we obtain a multitude of compromise solutions (Pareto optimums) presenting different performance levels following the economic, environmental and social dimensions, allowing the decision maker to choose the solution that reflects best his/her CSR strategy. This application illustrates the proposed method and allows us to assess the practical value of our approach.