Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-11-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:59:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gelamos_jp_me_sjrp.pdf: 2151806 bytes, checksum: 85d6f8deb1daa2021fbe2d398d6c62f7 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos e aprimorados protocolos de conjugação entre nanopartículas do luminóforo Y2O3:Er,Yb, aminofuncionalizadas e a proteína Streptavidina, para atuarem como marcador em imunoensaios. A streptavidina faz parte do sistema de auto-reconhecimento biotina-avidina mais aplicado em ensaios biológicos, sendo que, devido ao seu alto custo, a Albumina Sérica Bovina foi escolhida como proteína de trabalho em substituição à Avidina. Na etapa final, no entanto, utilizou-se a Streptavidina para comparativamente finalizar as discussões. Desta forma, o desenvolvimento do protocolo considerado padrão foi feito aplicando-se o crosslinker homobifuncional glutaraldeído, e a partir deste, estudou-se o comportamento da ligação luminóforo-proteína utilizando-se outros crosslinkers heterobifuncionais, no caso sulfo-N-succinimidil 4-maleimido- butirato sal de sódio (Sulfo-GMBS) e cloridrato de N-(3-dimetilaminopropil)-N'-etilcarbodiimida (EDC). Tal alteração teve como princípio o aperfeiçoamento do protocolo de conjugação, estabelecendo comparativos entres os dados experimentais já obtidos e as possíveis vantagens resultantes dos crosslinkers heterobifuncionais, já que neste caso a possibilidade de ocorrer autoconjugação, ligação cruzada intramolecular e/ou polimerização entre as nanopartículas aminofuncionalizadas pode ser nula. Com relação às nanopartículas, estas, antes da conjugação, foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia de luminescência, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e/ou transmissão, assim como titulação potenciométrica para quantificação dos grupos NH2 após funcionalização. No desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento dos protocolos de conjugação todas as etapas foram monitoradas por Espectroscopia de Absorção na Região... / In this work conjugation protocols between the aminofunctionalized nanophosphor Y2O3: Er, Yb, and the protein Streptavidin was developed and improved to be possible applied as markers in immunoassays. The Streptavidin is part of the biotin-avidin self-recognition system applied to most biological assays, and, due to its high cost, Bovine Serum Albumin protein was chosen to be used in most part of the developing protocol as a substitute for avidin. In the final step, however, the Streptavidin was used in comparison to the other results in order to finalize the study. Thus, the development of the standard protocol was done by applying the homobifunctional crosslinker glutaraldehyde, and from this, it was studied the behavior of protein-nanophosphors binding using the heterobifunctional crosslinkers N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and Sulfo-N-succinimidyl 4-maleimidobutyrate sodium salt (Sulfo-GMBS). Such a change had the challenge to improve conjugation protocol, establishing the comparison between experimental data already obtained and the possible advantages due to the use of heterobifunctional crosslinkers, considering that in this case the possibility of occurring self-conjugation, intermolecular crosslinking and/or polymerization between the aminofuctionalized nanoparticles can be null. With respect to the nanoparticles before the conjugation step, they were characterized by luminescence spectroscopy, scanning and/or transmission electron microscopy as well as potentiometric titration for NH2 groups quantification after functionalization. During the development and the improvement of the conjugation protocols all steps were monitored by UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy to verify the behavior of molecular species present before and after the reactions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Ana Maria Pires / Banca: Marco Aurélio Cebim / Banca: Eduardo Alves de Almeida / Resumo: Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos e aprimorados protocolos de conjugação entre nanopartículas do luminóforo Y2O3:Er,Yb, aminofuncionalizadas e a proteína Streptavidina, para atuarem como marcador em imunoensaios. A streptavidina faz parte do sistema de auto-reconhecimento biotina-avidina mais aplicado em ensaios biológicos, sendo que, devido ao seu alto custo, a Albumina Sérica Bovina foi escolhida como proteína de trabalho em substituição à Avidina. Na etapa final, no entanto, utilizou-se a Streptavidina para comparativamente finalizar as discussões. Desta forma, o desenvolvimento do protocolo considerado padrão foi feito aplicando-se o crosslinker homobifuncional glutaraldeído, e a partir deste, estudou-se o comportamento da ligação luminóforo-proteína utilizando-se outros crosslinkers heterobifuncionais, no caso sulfo-N-succinimidil 4-maleimido- butirato sal de sódio (Sulfo-GMBS) e cloridrato de N-(3-dimetilaminopropil)-N'-etilcarbodiimida (EDC). Tal alteração teve como princípio o aperfeiçoamento do protocolo de conjugação, estabelecendo comparativos entres os dados experimentais já obtidos e as possíveis vantagens resultantes dos crosslinkers heterobifuncionais, já que neste caso a possibilidade de ocorrer autoconjugação, ligação cruzada intramolecular e/ou polimerização entre as nanopartículas aminofuncionalizadas pode ser nula. Com relação às nanopartículas, estas, antes da conjugação, foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia de luminescência, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e/ou transmissão, assim como titulação potenciométrica para quantificação dos grupos NH2 após funcionalização. No desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento dos protocolos de conjugação todas as etapas foram monitoradas por Espectroscopia de Absorção na Região... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this work conjugation protocols between the aminofunctionalized nanophosphor Y2O3: Er, Yb, and the protein Streptavidin was developed and improved to be possible applied as markers in immunoassays. The Streptavidin is part of the biotin-avidin self-recognition system applied to most biological assays, and, due to its high cost, Bovine Serum Albumin protein was chosen to be used in most part of the developing protocol as a substitute for avidin. In the final step, however, the Streptavidin was used in comparison to the other results in order to finalize the study. Thus, the development of the standard protocol was done by applying the homobifunctional crosslinker glutaraldehyde, and from this, it was studied the behavior of protein-nanophosphors binding using the heterobifunctional crosslinkers N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and Sulfo-N-succinimidyl 4-maleimidobutyrate sodium salt (Sulfo-GMBS). Such a change had the challenge to improve conjugation protocol, establishing the comparison between experimental data already obtained and the possible advantages due to the use of heterobifunctional crosslinkers, considering that in this case the possibility of occurring self-conjugation, intermolecular crosslinking and/or polymerization between the aminofuctionalized nanoparticles can be null. With respect to the nanoparticles before the conjugation step, they were characterized by luminescence spectroscopy, scanning and/or transmission electron microscopy as well as potentiometric titration for NH2 groups quantification after functionalization. During the development and the improvement of the conjugation protocols all steps were monitored by UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy to verify the behavior of molecular species present before and after the reactions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

M.Phil. (Chemistry) / This project concerns the study of , specifically, the incomplete fusion mechanism. The nuclear reaction 7Li + 176Yb at 50 MeV was therefore carried out using the AFRODITE and DIAMANT facility of iThemba LABS. A 7Li nuclide is considered suitable for the breakup fusion (incomplete fusion) reaction because of its well developed cluster structure of an -particle and triton which are weakly bound in this nucleus. One of the breakup fragments may be captured by the target while the other escapes at the beam velocity. Light charged-particles (alpha, tritons, deuterons and protons) were detected with the DIAMANT (CsI) array in co-incidence with gammarays detected by the AFRODITE (HPGe) spectrometer. The light particle detection in co-incidence with gamma detection was an important innovation that allowed exclusivity in the reconstruction of the mechanism by which specific residues were produced. Off-line data processing was used to produce charged-particle-gated gamma-gamma coincidence matrices which were analysed with the RADWARE software package. The level scheme exclusive to a particular channel for the production of the 178Hf was extracted. The relative cross-section for the various reaction channels could also therefore be extracted. In particular, the intensity ratios of gamma transitions as function of spin for proton to triton-gated matrices populating the 178Hf isotope were extracted. Insights could be developed into the incomplete fusion reaction mechanisms initiated by the breakup of the incident 7Li projectile.

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are widely used for thermal protection of hot section components in turbines for propulsion and power generation. Applications of TBCs based on a clearer understanding of failure mechanisms can help increase the performance and life-cycle cost of advanced gas turbine engines. Development and refinement of robust nondestructive evaluation techniques can also enhance the reliability, availability and maintainability of hot section components in gas turbines engines. In this work, degradation of TBCs was non-destructively examined by photostimulated luminescence spectroscopy (PSLS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a function of furnace thermal cycling carried out in air with 10-minute heat-up, 0.67, 9.6 and 49.6 - hour dwell duration at 1121°C (2050°F), and 10-minute forced-air quench. TBCs examined in this study consisted of either electron beam physical vapor deposited and air plasma sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) on a variety of bond coat / superalloy substrates including bond coats of NiCoCrAlY and (Ni,Pt)Al, and superalloys of CMSX-4, Rene‟N5, Haynes 230 and MAR-M-509. Detailed microstructural characterization by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy was carried out to document the degradation and failure characteristics of TBC failure, and correlate results of PSLS and EIS. Mechanisms of microstructural damage initiation and progression varied as a function of TBC architecture and thermal cycling dwell time, and included undulation of the interface between the thermally grown oxide (TGO) and bond coats, internal oxidation of the bond coats, and formation of Ni/Co-rich TGO. These microstructural observations were correlated to the evolution in compressive residual stress in the TGO scale determined by PSLS shift. Correlations iv include stress-relief and corresponding luminescence shift towards stress-free luminescence (i.e. = 14402 cm-1 and  = 14432 cm-1 ) associated with subcritical cracking of the TGO scale and stress-relaxation associated with gradual shift in the luminescence towards stress-free luminescence (i.e.  = 14402 cm-1 and  =14432 cm-1 ) is related to the undulation of TGO/bondcoat interface (e.g., rumpling and ratcheting). Microstructural changes in TBCs such as YSZ sintering, TGO growth, and subcritical damages within the YSZ and TGO scale were also correlated to the changes in electrochemical resistance and capacitance of the YSZ and TGO, respectively. With thermal exposure the YSZ/TGO resistance and capacitance increased and decreased as result of sintering and TGO growth. With progressive thermal cycling damages in the TGO was related to the TGO capacitance showing a continuous increase and at failure TGO capacitance abruptly increased with the exposure of bondcoat. Further correlations among the microstructural development, PSLS and EIS are documented and discussed, particularly as a function of dwell time used during furnace thermal cycling test, with due respect for changes in failure characteristics and mechanisms for various types of TBCs

Orientador: Sidney José Lima Ribeiro / Orientador: Marie Joelle Menu / Banca: Oscar Manoel Loureiro Malta / Banca: Jean Olivier Durand / Banca: Luís Antonio ferreira Martins Dias Carlos / Banca: Eric Benoist / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta a síntese, caracterização e estudo das propriedades de fotoluminescência de híbridos à base de sílica e complexos európio (III). Estes híbridos, também, foram funcionalizados e testados como sondas ou biomarcadores. A associação do íon európio à matrizes inorgânicas (alumina, sílica) e orgânicas (PMMA), tem sido amplamente estudada. Entretanto, o estudo de diferentes metodologias de síntese são ainda necessárias para otimizar propriedades físico-químicas, incluíndo as propriedades luminescentes destes materiais. Neste sentido, a presente tese propõe a síntese de dois novos luminóforos à base de sílica, via ligação covalente de complexos de Eu3+ à matriz, impedindo, desta forma, processos indesejados de lixiviação. Estes novos complexos de európio (III) devem apresentar ligantes com função alcooxisilanos, e uma estrutura eletrônica que possibilite a eficiente transferência de energia não radiativa ("efeito de antena") Ligante ® Eu3+, otimizando propriedades luminescentes. Além do ligante bipiridina (Bpy-Si) já conhecido na literatura, desenvolvido no CIRIMAT-Toulouse, o novo ligante alcoóxi modificado b-dicetona (TTA-Si) foi sintetizado nessa tese, gerando neste trabalho uma família composta de três complexos de európio (III): [Eu(TMHD)3(Bpy-Si)], [Eu (TTA)3(Bpy-Si)] e [Eu (TTA-Si)3], que serão citados no texto sob as siglas [Eu1], [Eu2] e [Eu3], respectivamente. A ancoragem dos complexos superficialmente à sílica foi realizada sobre duas matrizes diferentes: primeiro, nanopartículas de sílica densas, 24 ± 2 nm (Ludox AS-40), e segundo, matrizes de sílica mesoporosas. A sílica mesoporosa foi sintetizada pela metodologia de pirólise de aerossol, um método (one step) capaz de produzir partículas mesoporosas em poucos minutos, sem resíduos de surfactante e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Ce travail décrit la synthèse, la caratérisation et l'étude des propriétés de photoluminescence d'hybrides à base de silice et de complexes d'europium(III). Ces hybrides sont ensuite organiquement modifiés pour illustrer leur application potentielle en tant que sondes ou biomarqueurs. Associer les très bonnes propriétés de luminescence des complexes de lanthanides avec les propriétés physico-chimiques d'une matrice inorganique telle que la silice est une voie prometteuse pour l'obtention de nouveaux outils d'analyse pour la biologie. La silice, SiO2, est une excellente matrice inorganique qui, sous forme de particules submicroniques voire même nanométriques, puisqu'elle permet à la fois de concentrer le luminophore tout en le protégeant des perturbations externes susceptibles d'inhiber le processus de luminescence. De plus la modification de la surface des particules de silice via une fonctionnalisation par voie chimique rend ces nouveaux hybrides biocompatibles, adaptés à leur mise en suspension en milieu aqueux et donc intéressants pour l'analyse des milieux biologiques. Dans cette optique l'obtention de particules dont la taille reste inferieure à 100 nm est une condition qui s'impose et qui nécessite de développer de nouveaux hybrides organique-inorganiques. C'est dans ce cadre que se situe ce travail de thèse. Les lanthanides voient leurs propriétés de luminescence exaltées par la présence dans leur sphère de coordination de chromophores organiques. Depuis une dizaine d'années l'association de chélates d'europium(III) dans des matrices inorganiques (silice, alumine) et organiques (PMMA) a fait l'objet d'un très grand nombre d'études pour lesquelles les conditions de synthèse ne sont pas bien contrôlées conduisant à des hybrides... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

No description available.

Compositionally related glasses and ceramics of the Na$ sb2$O$ cdot$CaO$ cdot$Al$ sb2$O$ sb3 cdot$TiO$ sb2 cdot$SiO$ sb2$ system (sphene glass-ceramics) doped with Eu$ sp{3+}$ were examined using site-selective spectroscopic techniques (FLN). In sphene glass-ceramics, Eu$ sp{3+}$ preferentially partitions into the crystalline sphene phase. The partition ratio is concentration dependent, decreasing at higher concentrations, because of the limited solid solubility of Eu$ sp{3+}$ in sphene. The concentration occurs at the time of phase separation; Eu$ sp{3+}$ preferentially enters the more ionic (CaO, TiO$ sb2$)- rich droplet phase which eventually becomes sphene. In sphene, Eu$ sp{3+}$ substitutes for Ca$ sp{2+}$ appearing in three different sites caused by associated charge compensation defects. From an analysis of the FLN spectra of the different glasses, the framework for a model describing the coordination shell of Eu$ sp{3+}$ in oxide glasses is developed. The model suggests that Eu$ sp{3+}$ behaves as a network forming ion or quasi-molecular complex. The model is used to explain qualitative features of Eu$ sp{3+}$ FLN spectra including the dependence of the clustering of points of the major crystal field parameter ratios plot on the relative number of non-bridging oxygen ions and Eu$ sp{3+}$ ions in the glass.

Submitted by Gabriel Mamoru Marques Shinohara (shinohara@fct.unesp.br) on 2016-09-01T07:03:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Doutorado_Gabriel_Mamoru_Marques_Shinohara.pdf: 7611898 bytes, checksum: 7047b413755e309ae225c6adc00005a2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-02T13:56:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 shinohara_gmm_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 5169602 bytes, checksum: e9ff84ff42bb20906dae94562a15b2a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T13:56:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 shinohara_gmm_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 5169602 bytes, checksum: e9ff84ff42bb20906dae94562a15b2a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-18 / Neste trabalho investigou-se a influência da concentração dos agentes complexantes etilenoglicol (EG) e sorbitol (SB) nas propriedades estruturais e fotoluminescentes do luminóforo Y2O3:Eu3+ (2 mol%) obtido pelo método Pechini modificado. A quimiometria, em especial, planejamento de experimentos (Design of Experiments – DOE), foi aplicada para planejar a proporção dos precursores dos luminóforos. Todos os dados estruturais, morfológicos e espectroscópicos relacionados aos luminóforos preparados pela variação dos parâmetros de síntese foram sistematicamente interpretados pelo uso de ferramentas de quimiometria de forma a gerar uma análise comparativa consistente entre todos os óxidos. Padrões de difração de todas as amostras são característicos da estrutura forma-C de óxido de ítrio, e a equação de Scherrer aplicada aos dados de difração de raios X indicaram que ambos agentes complexantes resultaram em partículas de Y2O3:Eu3+ com tamanho de cristalito similares no intervalo de 19 a 28 nm. Por imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão foi possível confirmar que independente do precursor utilizado, são formados aglomerados de partículas esferoidais com diâmetro de 10 a 30 nm no caso de óxidos obtidos via etilenoglicol e diâmetros maiores de 10 a 50 nm para partículas preparadas utilizando sorbitol. Espectros de fotoluminescência de todos os luminóforos exibiram as emissões no vermelho no intervalo de 550–750 nm esperadas atribuídas a todas as transições 4f–4f do Eu3+. Apesar do fato de nenhum diferença detectável ter sido observada no perfil dos espectros, o que indica que o ambiente ocupado pelo Eu3+ deve ser idêntico em todas as amostras independente do tipo de agente complexante utilizado, luminóforos preparados a partir de sorbitol apresentaram maior intensidade relativa de emissão. A análise dos dados ópticos também permitiu estabelecer as melhores proporções dos precursores do luminóforo que resultaram nos emissores de maior intensidade relativa. Em adição, as amostras com maior intensidade de luminescência preparadas com etilenoglicol foram aquelas com menor valor de energia liberada no principal pico exotérmico da curva DSC e com menor tamanho de cristalito. E as amostras preparadas com sorbitol com maior intensidade de luminescência, foram aquelas produzidas com menor valor de energia liberada no principal pico exotérmico da curva DSC e com maior tamanho de cristalito. Além disso, é possível concluir que o luminóforo vermelho Y2O3:Eu3+ preparado com sorbitol possui intensidade relativa de emissão maior do que as amostras preparadas com etilenoglicol, além disso, o sorbitol é um reagente de menor custo, não tóxico como o EG e o seu uso tornou a síntese bem mais rápida, tais vantagens reduzem consideravelmente os custos da síntese. / The investigation of ethylene glycol (EG) and sorbitol (SB) complexing agents concentration on structural and photoluminescence (PL) properties of Y2O3:Eu3+ (2 mol%) oxides obtained by Pechini method is reported. The chemometrics, in special, Design of Experiments (DOE), was applied to plan phosphor precursor’s ratio. All structural, morphological and spectroscopic data related to the phosphors produced by synthesis parameters variation were systematically interpreted by using chemometrics tools in order to provide a consistent comparative analysis of all oxides. Diffraction patterns for all samples are characteristic of yttrium oxide C-form structure, and Scherrer's equation applied to X-ray diffraction data indicated that both complex agents yielded Y2O3:Eu3+ particles with similar crystallite size in the range of 19 to 28 nm. By SEM and TEM images it was possible to confirm that particles, independently on the precursor used, form agglomerates of spheroidal particles with a diameter in the range of 10 to 30 nm in the case of the oxides obtained via ethylene glycol and a larger diameter range of 10 to 50 nm for the particles produced by using sorbitol. Photoluminescence data for all phosphors exhibit the expected red emission in the range of 550–750 nm ascribed to all Eu3+ 4f–4f set of transitions. Despite the fact that no detectable difference is observed in the spectra profile indicating that Eu3+ environment should be identical for all samples independent on the agent complex used, phosphors prepared using sorbitol showed the higher relative intensity emission. Samples with higher intensity of luminescence prepared with ethylene glycol were those with the lowest amount of energy released in the main exothermic peak of the DSC curve and less crystallite size and the samples prepared with sorbitol with higher intensity of luminescence, were those produced with lower amount of energy released in the main exothermic peak of the DSC curve and larger crystallite size . Furthermore, it is possible to conclude that the red phosphor Y2O3:Eu3+ prepared with sorbitol has higher relative emission intensity than the samples prepared with ethylene glycol, in addition, sorbitol is a less costly reagent, non-toxic and its use has a much faster synthesis, such advantages significantly reduce the costs of synthesis.

Time-resolved spectroscopy is a modern method enabling the analysis of the dynamics of quantum luminescence transitions. This method uses ultra-fast light pulses to study materials, which makes it possible to observe the time evolution of luminescence quenching and thus provides additional information for static absorption and emission spectroscopy. This diploma thesis deals with the automation of the optical setup used in the Optical and Plasmonic Laboratory at Ceitec Nano for performing time-resolved spectroscopy. As part of the work, an application was created enabling communication with 13 devices used in the laboratory. The application automates already performed measurements, and in addition enables the scanning of samples, which was not possible due to time constraints due to the manual control of the stage movement. At the end of the work, test measurements are performed, with a discussion of their effectiveness and time savings for the user.

A non-invasive method to quantify the stress distribution in polymer-based materials is presented through the piezospectroscopic calibration of alumina-epoxy nanocomposites. Three different alumina volume fraction nanocomposites were created and loaded under uniaxial compression in order to determine the relationship between applied stress and the frequency shift of the R-lines produced by alumina under excitation. Quantitative values for six piezospectroscopic coefficients were obtained which represent the stress-sensing property of the nanocomposites. The results were applied to an alumina-filled adhesive in a single lap shear configuration demonstrating the capability of the technique to monitor R-line peak positions with high spatial resolution and assess the stress distribution within the material prior to failure. Additionally, particle dispersion and volume fraction were confirmed with spectral intensities, introducing a novel experimental method for the assessment of quality in manufacturing of such nanocomposites. Results were further used to initiate studies in determining the load transfer to the nanoparticles and assessing the fundamental driving mechanisms.