Zugl.: Giessen, Univ., Diss., 2008

Würzburg, Univ., Diss., 2009

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Ecology and Evolution. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Rhode Island, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 188-202).

Despite the fact that eight cases of Lyme disease were diagnosed in San Luis Obispo County between 2005-2013, the identity of wildlife hosts serving as sources for tick infection in this region remained unidentified. The primary cause of Lyme disease in the U.S. is the spirochetal bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, and this agent had not been previously isolated from the region. Borrelia bissettii, a related species that has not been implicated as a common causative agent of Lyme disease, was isolated in small rodents inhabiting coastal scrub and chaparral habitats in a previous San Luis Obispo County study. However, B. burgdorferi was not detected. In northwestern California, B. burgdorferi has been primarily associated with high populations of the tick vector Ixodes pacificus in dense woodlands or hardwood-conifer habitats, particularly in the western gray squirrel reservoir host, Sciurus griseus. My study investigated the role of S. griseus and other associated rodents as potential reservoirs for B. burgdorferi in central coastal California woodland habitats. Rodents were live-trapped at four sites in San Luis Obispo County in oak and mixed woodland. Rodent ear samples were tested for B. burgdorferi genospecies by bacterial culture and PCR. Ticks were collected from captured rodents and surrounding environments and tested by PCR for the presence of Borrelia. Of 119 captured rodents, seven were positive for Borrelia infection (5.9%) and of these, six were positive for B. burgdorferi (5.0%). There were multiple infected rodent species that included two western gray squirrels, three deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), and one brush mouse (P. boylii). Borrelia spp. were not detected by PCR from the 81 ticks recovered from the environment and rodents. Here, for the first time, we verify the presence of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto in San Luis Obispo county rodents. However, in contrast to previous Northern California studies, the western gray squirrel may not be the primary reservoir host for B. burgdorferi in this region. Multiple rodent species in oak woodlands may be involved in spirochete maintenance in San Luis Obispo County.

Since its initial identification in 1975, Lyme disease has become a public health concern in the U.S.  Increased concern is sparked by the rapid rate at which the disease is emerging into new areas.  One area of disease emergence is the state of Virginia which has been experiencing exponentially increasing rates of the disease.  This research studies Virginia's landscape-level habitats to explore demographic and environmental variables related to the spread of Lyme disease. The land cover data came from the National Land Cover Database (2006), demographic data came from the U.S. census (2010), and Lyme disease case data came from the Virginia Department of Health (2006-2010).  Key variables examined in this statewide study include the percentages of landscape types measured inside each census tract, measures of forest fragmentation, and measures of land cover interspersion inside state census tracts. Analysis was carried out using a spatial Poisson regression model.  Of the original 15 variables, 10 were significantly correlated to Lyme disease.  The six that were positively correlated with disease incidence include percent herbaceous land, percent water, two edge contrast measurements of herbaceous-forest land, median age, and average income.  The four that were negatively correlated were percent developed, population density, and two edge contrast measurements of developed-herbaceous land. Overall results indicate that specific environmental and demographic variables are associated with increased disease incidence as Lyme disease emerges in Virginia.  Results from this study could help create a predictive statewide map for Lyme disease incidence and aid in disease awareness and resource allocation. / Master of Science

O estudo objetivou realizar um levantamento de doenças transmitidas por carrapatos em amostras de humanos e animais domésticos oriundos do Estado do Espírito Santo. Foram estudadas as Riquétsioses, Erliquiose, Babesiose, Borreliose, e especificamente em cães a Hepatozoonose canina. Três expedições científicas foram realizadas, onde foram coletadas amostras de sangue de humanos (n=201), cães (n=92) e eqüídeos (n=27). As amostras foram testadas utilizando-se os ensaios de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e ELISA Indireto, dependendo do antígeno de eleição. A Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase (PCR) foi realizada utilizando primers específicos para os gêneros dos agentes pesquisados. Foi possível concluir que os municípios estudados podem ser considerados endêmicos para as zoonoses pesquisadas / This study aimed to perform a survey on tick-borne diseases in blood samples from humans and domestic animals from the State of Espírito Santo. The following diseases were studied: Rickettsiosis, Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis, Borreliosis, and specifically in dogs, Canine Hepatozoonosis. Three scientific expeditions were performed, where blood samples from humans (n=201), dogs (n=92) and equids (n=27) were collected. Samples were tested using Indirect Immunofluorescence Assays (IFA) and Indirect ELISA, depending on the antigen. Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) were performed using specific primers to the genera of the surveyed agents. We concluded that the studied municipalities can be considered endemic areas to the surveyed zoonosis

O estudo objetivou realizar um levantamento de doenças transmitidas por carrapatos em amostras de humanos e animais domésticos oriundos do Estado do Espírito Santo. Foram estudadas as Riquétsioses, Erliquiose, Babesiose, Borreliose, e especificamente em cães a Hepatozoonose canina. Três expedições científicas foram realizadas, onde foram coletadas amostras de sangue de humanos (n=201), cães (n=92) e eqüídeos (n=27). As amostras foram testadas utilizando-se os ensaios de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e ELISA Indireto, dependendo do antígeno de eleição. A Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase (PCR) foi realizada utilizando primers específicos para os gêneros dos agentes pesquisados. Foi possível concluir que os municípios estudados podem ser considerados endêmicos para as zoonoses pesquisadas / This study aimed to perform a survey on tick-borne diseases in blood samples from humans and domestic animals from the State of Espírito Santo. The following diseases were studied: Rickettsiosis, Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis, Borreliosis, and specifically in dogs, Canine Hepatozoonosis. Three scientific expeditions were performed, where blood samples from humans (n=201), dogs (n=92) and equids (n=27) were collected. Samples were tested using Indirect Immunofluorescence Assays (IFA) and Indirect ELISA, depending on the antigen. Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) were performed using specific primers to the genera of the surveyed agents. We concluded that the studied municipalities can be considered endemic areas to the surveyed zoonosis

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.