近二、三十年來, 許多學者如Bell(1979)均主張, 在先進社會中, 社會型態已由工業 主導逐漸轉變為資訊取向, 即目前一般所稱的資訊社會。基本上, 資訊社會的討論是 一種對未來社會預期性的構想, 面臨社會型態的變遷, 我們亟需科學的指標, 作為衡 量社會發展的依據。 Machlup(1962) 率先使用資訊部門與資訊工業的觀念, 作為評估資訊活動的重要性以 來, 後續的研究大多側重從經濟的角度評估資訊活動。根據資訊社會的理論, 可以預 期的是, 社會中資訊體系的資訊產量應該大幅成長。日本在這方面作了拓荒工作, 多 次對其社會中各傳播媒介所傳遞的資訊數量進行普查。美國學者Pool(1984)和日本學 者則更進一步延伸日本的調查, 成為跨國比較( 美、日兩國 )的資訊數量調查。 近十幾年來, 國內對資訊社會觀念的推行與資訊科技應用之推動, 皆不遺餘力。自戒 嚴與報禁解除以來, 國內資訊綱路更是日益暢通。但始終缺乏相關的測量工具, 以作 為對我國資訊化過程作一觀察與評估的標準。基於此, 本研究探討以下之問題: 一、資訊社會概念的澄清。 二、發展一套可據以觀察、評估國內大眾傳播媒介的資訊生產量的測量工具。 三、根據發展出來的測量工具, 進行實際測試。 四、對資料的政策意涵提出說明。 本研究報告共分五章: 第一章緒論: 第二章文獻探討; 第三章研究方法; 第四章資料 分析; 第五章結論與建議。

<p>This thesis studies infinite dimensional Gaussian measures on Banach spaces. Let $\mu_0$ be a centered Gaussian measure on Banach space $\mathcal B$, and $\mu^\ast$ is a measure equivalent to $\mu_0$. We are interested in approximating, in sense of relative entropy (or KL divergence) the quantity $\frac{d\mu^z}{d\mu^\ast}$ where $\mu^z$ is a mean shift measure of $\mu_0$ by an element $z$ in the so-called ``Cameron-Martin" space $\mathcal H_{\mu_0}$. That is, we want to find the information projection</p> <p><br></p> <p>$$\inf_{z\in \mathcal H_{\mu_0}} D_{KL}(\mu^z||\mu_0)=\inf_{z\in \mathcal H_{\mu_0}} E_{\mu^z} \left(\log \left(\frac{d\mu^z}{d\mu^\ast}\right)\right).$$</p> <p><br></p> <p>We relate this information projection to a mode computation, to an ``open loop" control problem, and to a variational formulation leading to an Euler-Lagrange equation. Furthermore, we use this relationship to establish a kind of Feynman-Kac theorem for systems of ordinary differential equations. We demonstrate that the solution to a system of second order linear ordinary differential equations is the mode of a diffusion, analogous to the result of Feynman-Kac for parabolic partial differential equations. </p>

The theme of the work is to analyze the current state of employment in information sector in the Czech Republic, its developmental changes with regard to the development of national and world economy. The beginning of work shows changing human society in the information society and economic change in the information economy. In the following chapters is devoted to a summary of the most famous studies that define these changes in terms of occupation, employment and the impact on national economies. There is also described position of information occupations in the current major classifications of occupations. The second part is formed by the survey of employment in the information sector in the Czech Republic. Emphasis is placed on analysis of trends in employment in these sectors. The last chapter compares the employment between the Czech Republic and Finland.