The Peruvian government has used a top-down colonial approach to nature-based conservation. This approach has effectively marginalized Indigenous people located in designated protected areas. For the Matsiguenka communities inhabiting Manu National Park, such an approach has created socioeconomic and political problems. Ecotourism is given to them as the only socioeconomic development option for the acquisition of supplementary income to their subsistence lifestyle and for their integration into the global capitalist economy. My research questions include: 1) whether or not marginalized Indigenous groups are given a chance to negotiate their own cultural values, knowledge and practices within the context dominated by global capitalism forces, such as the international tourism industry, and 2) how neo-liberal strategies such as ecotourism, which is sold as an economic panacea for communities in out-of-the-way-places such as the Peruvian rainforest, work in practice. I draw upon narratives on ecotourism, collected in my five-month fieldwork, as told by the multiple stakeholders of ecotourism. I use these narratives to highlight the complexities, pitfalls and incongruent, hegemonic and predatory nature of ecotourism as it plays out in Manu National Park. Through their Multicommunal Enterprise Matsiguenka, these traditionally hunter and gatherer people are courageously and creatively venturing into the ecotourism industry hoping to benefit their communities. However, the “wild” competition in the “green” capitalist market makes this type of venture a great challenge. / October 2007

The Peruvian government has used a top-down colonial approach to nature-based conservation. This approach has effectively marginalized Indigenous people located in designated protected areas. For the Matsiguenka communities inhabiting Manu National Park, such an approach has created socioeconomic and political problems. Ecotourism is given to them as the only socioeconomic development option for the acquisition of supplementary income to their subsistence lifestyle and for their integration into the global capitalist economy. My research questions include: 1) whether or not marginalized Indigenous groups are given a chance to negotiate their own cultural values, knowledge and practices within the context dominated by global capitalism forces, such as the international tourism industry, and 2) how neo-liberal strategies such as ecotourism, which is sold as an economic panacea for communities in out-of-the-way-places such as the Peruvian rainforest, work in practice. I draw upon narratives on ecotourism, collected in my five-month fieldwork, as told by the multiple stakeholders of ecotourism. I use these narratives to highlight the complexities, pitfalls and incongruent, hegemonic and predatory nature of ecotourism as it plays out in Manu National Park. Through their Multicommunal Enterprise Matsiguenka, these traditionally hunter and gatherer people are courageously and creatively venturing into the ecotourism industry hoping to benefit their communities. However, the “wild” competition in the “green” capitalist market makes this type of venture a great challenge.

The Peruvian government has used a top-down colonial approach to nature-based conservation. This approach has effectively marginalized Indigenous people located in designated protected areas. For the Matsiguenka communities inhabiting Manu National Park, such an approach has created socioeconomic and political problems. Ecotourism is given to them as the only socioeconomic development option for the acquisition of supplementary income to their subsistence lifestyle and for their integration into the global capitalist economy. My research questions include: 1) whether or not marginalized Indigenous groups are given a chance to negotiate their own cultural values, knowledge and practices within the context dominated by global capitalism forces, such as the international tourism industry, and 2) how neo-liberal strategies such as ecotourism, which is sold as an economic panacea for communities in out-of-the-way-places such as the Peruvian rainforest, work in practice. I draw upon narratives on ecotourism, collected in my five-month fieldwork, as told by the multiple stakeholders of ecotourism. I use these narratives to highlight the complexities, pitfalls and incongruent, hegemonic and predatory nature of ecotourism as it plays out in Manu National Park. Through their Multicommunal Enterprise Matsiguenka, these traditionally hunter and gatherer people are courageously and creatively venturing into the ecotourism industry hoping to benefit their communities. However, the “wild” competition in the “green” capitalist market makes this type of venture a great challenge.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-04T17:45:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 matheuslandaudecarvalho.pdf: 1505552 bytes, checksum: e6eba60dd8ebb84885929c4e6229a2bc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:46:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 matheuslandaudecarvalho.pdf: 1505552 bytes, checksum: e6eba60dd8ebb84885929c4e6229a2bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:46:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 matheuslandaudecarvalho.pdf: 1505552 bytes, checksum: e6eba60dd8ebb84885929c4e6229a2bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / É objetivo desta Dissertação investigar os princípios que regem o sistema varṇa-āśrama da tradição hindu, tal como presente na obra Leis de Manu (Mānava-Dharmaśāstra). O sistema varṇa-āśrama combina de forma orgânica os ideais de estratificação sócio-ocupacional (varṇa) e de etapa de vida (āśrama). A qualificação e a descrição desses ideais envolvem argumentos de caráter mítico-religioso e de caráter racional-sociológico. Em outras palavras, pretende-se esmiuçar, a partir da referida obra, explicações racionais que estabeleçam exigências para a funcionalidade da sociedade segundo fins práticos necessários à manutenção da mesma, e, por outro lado, explicações meta-racionais, imbuídas de uma fundamentação religiosa, cujas ações seriam orientadas para fins transcendentais segundo a prescrição de injunções rituais e/ou a busca por bens espirituais, valendo-se de ambos os tipos de explicação enquanto categorias modernas de entendimento e compreensão do sistema varṇa-āśrama, numa abordagem externa ao contexto de surgimento das Leis de Manu (Mānava- Dharmaśāstra). Além disso, a Dissertação reflete também o esforço inédito de compreensão direta do texto original em sânscrito a partir do referencial linguístico-cultural da língua portuguesa. / The aim of this Dissertation is the investigation of the principles which govern the varṇaāśrama system of Hindu tradition as it is present in the Laws of Manu (Mānava- Dharmaśāstra). The varṇa-āśrama system arranges organically the ideals of sociooccupational stratification (varṇa) and stages of life (āśrama). The qualification and description of these ideals involve mythical-religious and rational-sociological arguments. In other words, it is intended here some enquiry into the aforesaid source looking for rational explanations which establish some exigencies for the society’s functionality according to practical purposes necessary to its maintenance, and, on the other hand, for meta-rational explanations, religiously grounded and whose actions would be orientated towards transcendental purposes according to prescribed ritual injunctions and/or the search for spiritual goods, drawing upon both types of explanation as modern categories of understanding and comprehension towards varṇa-āśrama system, in an outside approach to the context of the Laws of Manu’s (Mānava-Dharmaśāstra) emergence. Furthermore, the Dissertation also reflects a brand new effort of direct comprehension of the original Sanskrit text from the point of the cultural-linguistic reference of Portuguese language.

L'expérience ALICE est l'une des quatre grandes expériences du LHC (Large Hadron Collider). Elle est dédiée à l'étude d'un nouvel état de la matière : le Plasma de Quarks et de Gluons dans lequel les quarks et les gluons ne sont plus confinés au sein des hadrons. Dans ce document sont décrits les enjeux physiques qui ont motivé la réalisation du spectromètre dimuons d'ALICE. Ensuite est abordée la R&D sur le spectromètre dimuons. Les différents absorbeurs sont présentés ainsi que les tests qui ont permis leur dimensionnement. Le trigger dimuons, composé de RPC fonctionnant en mode streamer, est ensuite décrit. Les différents tests sur faisceau et en cosmique qui ont été menés sur les RPC sont présentés. Enfin, le système de trajectographie est décrit en détail et plus particulièrement toute son électronique ainsi que la première station. Les contraintes apportées par la physique sur les performances attendues de l'ensemble de ces systèmes sont clairement définies.

Thesis (M.S.)--Wake Forest University. Dept. of Biology, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-47).

El Comité de Gestión del Parque Nacional del Manu y Reserva de Biosfera del Manu, CdG del PNM y RBM, según Ley busca la participación de la sociedad civil y de las instituciones públicas para tratar la problemática de la gestión de un área natural protegida. Al mismo tiempo regula el trabajo y los objetivos de los Comités de Gestión tanto con fines de conservación como en el desarrollo sostenible de la población local. Este Comité tiene diferente actores y se reúne 3 veces al año, incluyendo 4 comunidades nativas con población de la etnia Matsigenka: Palotoa Teparo, Shipetiari, Tayakome y Yomibato, todas ubicadas en la provincia de Manu en la región Madre de Dios, en el sur oriente de Perú. Las 4 CC.NN Matsigenka demandan desarrollo lo cual incluye mantener el bosque porque de ello aprovechan recursos que les garantizan medios de vida. Sin embargo en los últimos años nuevas necesidades materiales y de conocimientos, prácticas productivas entre otros están creciendo. Esta investigación trata de encontrar si las acciones del Comité de Gestión están sirviendo al desarrollo sostenible de estas comunidades, es decir, si este mecanismo de participación ciudadana permite a las 4 CC.NN Matsigenka encontrar respuestas a sus necesidades de conservación y aspectos básicos considerados como desarrollo integral: en educación, salud, inclusión social, económica y política; entre los principales. Lo que se ha encontrado es que el CdG es un espacio con ventajas para tratar la problemática en estas comunidades más allá de la conservación. Sin embargo existen deficiencias que le restan efectividad en el tratamiento y acciones concretas para el desarrollo; esto es: escaso criterio de trabajo en interculturalidad, poca búsqueda de participación activa de los Matsigenka, procesos de reuniones que no consideran la preparación y capacitación de las comunidades para hacer mejores planteamientos, entre los principales. / Tesis

The rapid rise in global population and market demands have mandated industries to introduce better and quality products to meet up their rushing needs. However, achiev-ing such goals need optimal production system and robust strategies. Exploring in depth it can be visualized that most of the manufacturing set ups suffers losses or relatively lower benefits due to improper and high wastages. Hence it is very important for man-ufacturing industries to explore the techniques which help them to improve their pro-duction system. The key techniques from Lean Manufacturing (LM) such as Value Stream Mapping (VSM) and Ishikawa diagram were explored in this work for enhanc-ing production capacity, reducing rework, reducing wastages and arriving to a well-defined optimal process flow which in turn help in achieving higher productivity. How-ever, the implementation of Lean and Value stream mapping depends on the production scale and has its own significance to different manufacturing setup. With that motive, in this thesis work the emphasis was made on exploring VSM technique for better pro-duction optimization in manufacturing sector.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:46:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danielle.pdf: 3466946 bytes, checksum: 25f0cf447f026e29f839e7f90a7e8df0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-14 / Crop rotation is a basic action to ensure the viability of no-tillage system; however, it is less accepted and practiced by farmers. Thus, this study aims to verify effects of establishing a crop rotation scheme on chemical and physical properties of soil, on biological and agronomics characteristics of crops and as suppressive effect on the weed community. So, under the no-tillage system, in 2010, the cover crops of dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana), dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea), and corn crops were implemented; in 2011, the cover crops of canola (Brassica napus), crambe (Crambe abyssinica) and turnip forage (Raphanus sativus), and soybean crops were implemented. The physical and chemical properties were determined prior to deployment, after management of cover crops and its harvesting. Changes in the soil were monitored by the determination of organic matter, bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and water content. The quality of cover crops was determined by the characteristics of straw, as dry mass and C/N ratio. The population of weeds was determined after 30 days the cover crops sowing and 30 to 60 days due to the crops development. The assessment was performed with the introduction of random frame, hurled four times by portions. The seedling emergence was determined during the crop harvest. In addition, chlorophyll content and leaf analyses were determined. In the laboratory, after harvesting, it was determined the yield and seeds quality. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments in each experimental year (three cover crops plus one control), with five replicates per treatment, totalizing 20 portions. Results obtained were submitted to ANOVA and means comparison was conducted by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability, using the SISVAR software. Some variables were correlated. In the agricultural year 2010/2011, improvements were observed in the physical and chemical soil properties after the management of these plants. There was increase in leaf nitrogen content of maize in treatments with cover crops; and the yield and seed quality were not affected. In agricultural year 2011/2012, there was increase in the carbon soil content, however, canola was affected by climatic conditions and crambe influenced negatively soybean. In the two agricultural years, the weeds were controlled by cover crops, which presented adequate soil cover. In general, there was increase in the organic matter content of soil, and the chemical and physical properties presented no consistent changes. Thus, we highlight the necessity of crop rotation systems validated in a regionalized way, according to the different soil and climatic conditions of the State of Paraná. / A rotação de culturas é ação básica para garantir a viabilidade do sistema plantio direto, porém, é pouco aceita e praticada pelos agricultores. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar os efeitos em se estabelecer um esquema de rotação de cultura, nas propriedades químicas e físicas do solo, nas características agronômicas e biológicas das culturas e efeito supressor sobre a comunidade invasora. Para isso, sob sistema plantio direto, foram implantadas, em 2010, as plantas de cobertura mucuna anã (Mucuna deeringiana), feijão guandu anão (Cajanus cajan) e crotalaria juncea (Crotalaria juncea) e a cultura do milho e, em 2011, as plantas de cobertura canola (Brassica napus), crambe (Crambe abyssinica) e nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus), e a cultura da soja. As propriedades físicas e químicas foram determinadas anteriormente à implantação, após o manejo da cobertura vegetal e após a colheita das culturas. As mudanças do solo foram acompanhadas por meio de determinação de matéria orgânica total e suas frações húmicas, densidade, macroporosidade, microporosidade e porosidade total, e teor de água. A qualidade da cobertura vegetal foi determinada pelas características dos resíduos vegetais, como massa seca e relação C/N. A população de plantas invasoras foi determinada aos 30 dias após a semeadura das plantas de cobertura e aos 30 e 60 e por ocasião da colheita das culturas. A avaliação foi realizada com o lançamento aleatório de quadro de metal, o qual foi arremessado quatro vezes por parcela. A emergência de plântulas foi determinada durante o desenvolvimento das culturas. Além do índice de clorofila e análise foliar química. Em laboratório, após a colheita, foram determinadas a produtividade e a qualidade de sementes. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos em cada ano de experimento (três plantas de cobertura mais a testemunha) com cinco repetições por tratamento, totalizando 20 parcelas. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e a comparação de médias foi realizada pelo teste de Scott Knott a 5 % de probabilidade, com auxílio do software SISVAR. Algumas variáveis foram correlacionadas. No ano agrícola 2010/2011, com o cultivo com plantas de cobertura fabáceas, observou-se melhorias física e química do solo, após o manejo com estas plantas. Houve incremento no teor de nitrogênio foliar de milho nos tratamentos com plantas de cobertura e, a produtividade e qualidade de sementes não foram afetadas. No ano agrícola 2011/2012 houve incremento no teor de carbono do solo, porém, canola e crambe apresentaram problemas no cultivo, sendo que a canola foi afetada pelas condições climáticas e o crambe influenciou negativamente a cultura da soja. Nos dois anos agrícolas, as espécies invasoras foram eficientemente controladas pelas plantas de cobertura e, estas, apresentaram adequada cobertura do solo. Em geral, houve acréscimo no teor de matéria orgânica do solo, tanto total, como de suas frações húmicas e as propriedades químicas e físicas não apresentaram variações consistentes. Ressalta-se, assim, a necessidade de sistemas de rotação de culturas validados de forma regionalizada, de acordo com as condições edafoclimáticas do Estado do Paraná.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:23:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danielle.pdf: 3466946 bytes, checksum: 25f0cf447f026e29f839e7f90a7e8df0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-14 / Crop rotation is a basic action to ensure the viability of no-tillage system; however, it is less accepted and practiced by farmers. Thus, this study aims to verify effects of establishing a crop rotation scheme on chemical and physical properties of soil, on biological and agronomics characteristics of crops and as suppressive effect on the weed community. So, under the no-tillage system, in 2010, the cover crops of dwarf mucuna (Mucuna deeringiana), dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea), and corn crops were implemented; in 2011, the cover crops of canola (Brassica napus), crambe (Crambe abyssinica) and turnip forage (Raphanus sativus), and soybean crops were implemented. The physical and chemical properties were determined prior to deployment, after management of cover crops and its harvesting. Changes in the soil were monitored by the determination of organic matter, bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and water content. The quality of cover crops was determined by the characteristics of straw, as dry mass and C/N ratio. The population of weeds was determined after 30 days the cover crops sowing and 30 to 60 days due to the crops development. The assessment was performed with the introduction of random frame, hurled four times by portions. The seedling emergence was determined during the crop harvest. In addition, chlorophyll content and leaf analyses were determined. In the laboratory, after harvesting, it was determined the yield and seeds quality. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments in each experimental year (three cover crops plus one control), with five replicates per treatment, totalizing 20 portions. Results obtained were submitted to ANOVA and means comparison was conducted by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability, using the SISVAR software. Some variables were correlated. In the agricultural year 2010/2011, improvements were observed in the physical and chemical soil properties after the management of these plants. There was increase in leaf nitrogen content of maize in treatments with cover crops; and the yield and seed quality were not affected. In agricultural year 2011/2012, there was increase in the carbon soil content, however, canola was affected by climatic conditions and crambe influenced negatively soybean. In the two agricultural years, the weeds were controlled by cover crops, which presented adequate soil cover. In general, there was increase in the organic matter content of soil, and the chemical and physical properties presented no consistent changes. Thus, we highlight the necessity of crop rotation systems validated in a regionalized way, according to the different soil and climatic conditions of the State of Paraná. / A rotação de culturas é ação básica para garantir a viabilidade do sistema plantio direto, porém, é pouco aceita e praticada pelos agricultores. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar os efeitos em se estabelecer um esquema de rotação de cultura, nas propriedades químicas e físicas do solo, nas características agronômicas e biológicas das culturas e efeito supressor sobre a comunidade invasora. Para isso, sob sistema plantio direto, foram implantadas, em 2010, as plantas de cobertura mucuna anã (Mucuna deeringiana), feijão guandu anão (Cajanus cajan) e crotalaria juncea (Crotalaria juncea) e a cultura do milho e, em 2011, as plantas de cobertura canola (Brassica napus), crambe (Crambe abyssinica) e nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus), e a cultura da soja. As propriedades físicas e químicas foram determinadas anteriormente à implantação, após o manejo da cobertura vegetal e após a colheita das culturas. As mudanças do solo foram acompanhadas por meio de determinação de matéria orgânica total e suas frações húmicas, densidade, macroporosidade, microporosidade e porosidade total, e teor de água. A qualidade da cobertura vegetal foi determinada pelas características dos resíduos vegetais, como massa seca e relação C/N. A população de plantas invasoras foi determinada aos 30 dias após a semeadura das plantas de cobertura e aos 30 e 60 e por ocasião da colheita das culturas. A avaliação foi realizada com o lançamento aleatório de quadro de metal, o qual foi arremessado quatro vezes por parcela. A emergência de plântulas foi determinada durante o desenvolvimento das culturas. Além do índice de clorofila e análise foliar química. Em laboratório, após a colheita, foram determinadas a produtividade e a qualidade de sementes. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos em cada ano de experimento (três plantas de cobertura mais a testemunha) com cinco repetições por tratamento, totalizando 20 parcelas. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e a comparação de médias foi realizada pelo teste de Scott Knott a 5 % de probabilidade, com auxílio do software SISVAR. Algumas variáveis foram correlacionadas. No ano agrícola 2010/2011, com o cultivo com plantas de cobertura fabáceas, observou-se melhorias física e química do solo, após o manejo com estas plantas. Houve incremento no teor de nitrogênio foliar de milho nos tratamentos com plantas de cobertura e, a produtividade e qualidade de sementes não foram afetadas. No ano agrícola 2011/2012 houve incremento no teor de carbono do solo, porém, canola e crambe apresentaram problemas no cultivo, sendo que a canola foi afetada pelas condições climáticas e o crambe influenciou negativamente a cultura da soja. Nos dois anos agrícolas, as espécies invasoras foram eficientemente controladas pelas plantas de cobertura e, estas, apresentaram adequada cobertura do solo. Em geral, houve acréscimo no teor de matéria orgânica do solo, tanto total, como de suas frações húmicas e as propriedades químicas e físicas não apresentaram variações consistentes. Ressalta-se, assim, a necessidade de sistemas de rotação de culturas validados de forma regionalizada, de acordo com as condições edafoclimáticas do Estado do Paraná.