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El problema de marco, interpretado como un problema de determinación de la relevancia, ha sido motivo en las décadas de los 80´-90´ de grandes debates y controversias entre los distintos enfoques de las Ciencias Cognitivas, perdiendo luego cierto interés. Sin embargo, esta “batalla teórica” entre distintos enfoques ha resurgido en la actualidad, convirtiéndose el problema de marco en un problema vigente dentro de las Ciencias Cognitivas. En efecto, varios enfoques alternativos al cognitivismo han retomado el problema de marco y, con ello, ha resurgido una vieja polémica alrededor de este problema. La cuestión clave del presente trabajo estará marcada por dos hechos: 1) la relevancia y el alcance que el filósofo Jerry Fodor le ha otorgado a la resolución del problema de marco (y, particularmente, a la dificultad de la vastedad de la información), con respecto al progreso de las Ciencias Cognitivas; y 2) el surgimiento y progreso de los “enfoques postcognitivistas” dentro también del ámbito de las Ciencias Cognitivas. En efecto, a partir de estos puntos, se presentará la pregunta clave de esta tesis: ¿es posible que los enfoques postcognitivistas logren resolver la dificultad que, en mayor medida, ha llevado a Fodor a postular su peculiar pesimismo con respecto a las Ciencias Cognitivas? El problema de fondo será, pues, la aptitud de los enfoques postcognitivistas por superar la dificultad principal detrás del problema de marco. Para atender a la cuestión clave de este trabajo, se reconocerán otras dos dificultades “inherentes” al problema de marco: la dificultad definicional y la dificultad resolutiva. Y, por supuesto, también será clave la relación que entre estas dos dificultades se establece: antes de evaluar cualquier solución que intente resolver el problema de marco, es necesario aclarar la interpretación particular que de este problema se tenga en mente. En la primera parte de este trabajo, se aborda la primera de estas dificultades y se establece la interpretación de interés para esta tesis: el problema de marco se entiende como un conjunto de problemas estrechamente relacionados con la forma en que los seres humanos determinan relevancia. El interpretar el problema de esta manera, permitirá dilucidar la dificultad principal que ha llevado a Fodor a pronosticar su peculiar pesimismo, la dificultad de la vastedad de información. Es a través de esta dificultad que se analiza, en la segunda parte, la posibilidad de que los enfoques postcognitivistas superen el pesimismo fodoriano. Como resultado del análisis, se concluye que algunas propuestas postcognitivistas (no todas) parecen contribuir parcialmente a solucionar la dificultad de la vastedad de información en ciertos contextos específicos. Así, si bien no se ha logrado superar el pesimismo fodoriano, se han realizado importantes avances en esa dirección. / The frame problem, interpreted as a problem of determining relevance, elicited an important controversy in the decades of the 80'-90' among opposing approaches in Cognitive Science, then losing some interest. However, this "theoretical battle" between different approaches has reemerged now and the frame problem has become a crucial problem within the framework of Cognitive Science. Indeed, several alternative approaches to cognitivism, have again taken into consideration the frame problem and thus, the old controversy behind this issue has reemerged. The relevance and scope that Jerry Fodor has given to solving the frame problem (and more specifically, to the main difficulty that defines the frame problem, i.e., the difficulty of the vastness of information) and moreover, the emergence of "postcognitivist approaches" guide the key question of this dissertation: Is it possible that postcognitivist approaches can solve the main difficulty that has led Fodor to pose his peculiar pessimism? The underlying problem will be, therefore, the ability of postcognitivist approaches to overcome the main difficulty behind Fodor´s pessimism. In order to address the key issue of this work, I will recognize two difficulties "inherent" to the frame problem, namely, the difficulty around the definition of the frame problem and the difficulty around the solution. Of course, the relationship between these two difficulties will also be crucial: before evaluating any proposal that attempts to solve the frame problem is necessary to clarify, in advance, the particular interpretation of this problem the researcher has in mind. In the first part of this paper, I will address the first of these difficulties and establish the interpretation of interest for my dissertation: the frame problem will be understood as a set of problems closely related to the way that humans determine relevance. By interpreting the problem in this way, we will address the main difficulty that has led Fodor to pose his pessimistic attitude toward Cogntive Sciences, namely, the difficulty of vastness of information. We will then discuss in the second part of this dissertation whether postcognitivist approaches are able to solve such a difficulty. As a result of my analysis, I will conclude that some postcognitivist proposals (not all of them) have partially help to solve the difficulty of the vastness of information in some specific contexts. Therefore, while Fodor’s pessimism has not been overcome, there are important developments in that direction.

En este trabajo se intenta reivindicar una serie de valores que consideramos muy importantes y que cada vez se van haciendo más escasos en la práctica artística, a través de la obra de dos creadores contemporáneos, Antonio Marco Moles (Alquerías del Niño Perdido (Castellón), 1929) y Vicente Perelló La Cruz (Valencia 1933-2008). Unos artistas que, avanzando a contracorriente, han conseguido unas realizaciones de gran densidad significativa y profundidad, que son una sugestiva aportación a la clarificación de la topografía del alma. Permaneciendo ajenos a las sacudidas estéticas, a las modas, a los ismos, a lo etiquetado y a lo superficial; prestando sólo atención a los intereses más elevados del espíritu; sublevándose contra el arte de un tiempo perverso, que va a remolque del mercado y de la tecnología, que se limita a reproducir los aspectos más obtusos y banales de la realidad; contra un arte que ha ido perdiendo, poco a poco, su capacidad de sorprender, de conmover, de emocionar, de hacer vibrar la fibra sensible del espectador. Ante el hecho constatado del triunfo generalizado de un arte materialista, que se pliega a intereses mercantilistas y que genera diariamente productos mediocres y pobres de contenido, fruto de una sociedad industrializada y alienada, es importante y esperanzador descubrir cómo todavía existen creadores que, aún conscientes de pagar un fuerte precio, como es la marginalidad, se oponen a esta realidad y hacen de su obra un espacio para la reflexión, una invitación al diálogo, como todo gran arte, "una pregunta, una interpelación a un corazón que resuena, una llama da a los ánimos y a los espíritus" (Hegel). Artistas que son capaces de enriquecer nuestra percepción del mundo, de nosotros mismos. Que son capaces de concebir unas realizaciones de honda profundidad filosófica, que alcanzan una importante dimensión social y donde se aúnan los principales valores del arte: experiencia, sinceridad y expresión. / Carrión Miró, J. (2011). MARCO MOLES Y PERELLÓ LA CRUZ. LA EXPRESIÓN EXISTENCIAL [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/14570

A presente dissertação versa sobre a obra conhecida, na tradição italiana, por Il Milione, escrita em Gênova, em 1298, por Marco Polo e Rustichello da Pisa. Trata-se da famosa obra que compartilhou com o mundo os conhecimentos adquiridos pelo viajante veneziano em sua estada na corte de Kublai Khan, Grande Khan do Império Tártaro. No primeiro capítulo desse estudo são tratadas algumas questões estruturais da obra, tais como o narrador, a dupla autoria tema assumido como fundamental para os estudos da obra polo-rusticheliana apenas no século XX e a questão do gênero. Já no segundo capítulo, são exploradas as ligações da obra com o maravilhoso literário proposto por Tzvetan Todorov e com o maravilhoso medieval proposto por Jacques Le Goff. / The present essay proposes a reflection on the work known in the italian tradition as Il Milione, which was written in Genoa, in 1298, by Marco Polo and Rustichello da Pisa. The famous work shared with the world the knowledge acquired by the venetian explorer during his stay in the Kublai Khan\'s court, the Great Khan of the Tatar Empire. In the first chapter of this research, some structural elements of the work are analyzed, such as the narrator, the co-authoring (this theme was considered essential for the study of the polo-rustichelian work only in the 20th century) and the genre question. In the second chapter, the liaisons between the work, the Literary Wonderful proposed by Tzvetan Todorov and the Medieval Wonderful proposed by Jacques Le Goff are explored.

A presente dissertação versa sobre a obra conhecida, na tradição italiana, por Il Milione, escrita em Gênova, em 1298, por Marco Polo e Rustichello da Pisa. Trata-se da famosa obra que compartilhou com o mundo os conhecimentos adquiridos pelo viajante veneziano em sua estada na corte de Kublai Khan, Grande Khan do Império Tártaro. No primeiro capítulo desse estudo são tratadas algumas questões estruturais da obra, tais como o narrador, a dupla autoria tema assumido como fundamental para os estudos da obra polo-rusticheliana apenas no século XX e a questão do gênero. Já no segundo capítulo, são exploradas as ligações da obra com o maravilhoso literário proposto por Tzvetan Todorov e com o maravilhoso medieval proposto por Jacques Le Goff. / The present essay proposes a reflection on the work known in the italian tradition as Il Milione, which was written in Genoa, in 1298, by Marco Polo and Rustichello da Pisa. The famous work shared with the world the knowledge acquired by the venetian explorer during his stay in the Kublai Khan\'s court, the Great Khan of the Tatar Empire. In the first chapter of this research, some structural elements of the work are analyzed, such as the narrator, the co-authoring (this theme was considered essential for the study of the polo-rustichelian work only in the 20th century) and the genre question. In the second chapter, the liaisons between the work, the Literary Wonderful proposed by Tzvetan Todorov and the Medieval Wonderful proposed by Jacques Le Goff are explored.

Viola pedagogy has historically been closely intertwined with and highly dependent upon violin repertoire. As the viola emerged as an instrument worthy of independent study, many still rely on transcriptions of violin etudes. Fortunately, the efforts of performers, teachers, and scholars have brought forth discoveries of original viola literature and thus shifted toward the perception that viola should begin to embrace its individual pedagogy. Viennese composer and violist Marco Frank contributed three volumes of Viola-Etuden and a method book, Praktische Viola-Schule, which are suitable for the intermediate violist. This document explores and analyzes the usefulness of an original viola series in comparison to the ‘tried and true' violin transcriptions.

Le sujet de la thèse est la Version Catalane (K) du Devisement du Monde de Marco Polo. Rédaction abrégée, K est conservée dans une copie catalane Kc (Florence Ricc. 2048), une traduction française Kf (Rome, Bibliothèque du Vatican, Ott. Lat. 2207) et une traduction aragonaise Ka (Madrid, Escorial, Z. I. 2). La thèse présente une introduction en cinq chapitres. Le premier contient la description des manuscrits; le deuxième chapitre développe un stemma codicum, démontre l’existence de l’archétype Kx, en définit les erreurs et la langue. Le troisième chapitre se penche sur les erreurs de traduction et montre la descendance franco-italienne de la Version K. Le quatrième chapitre étudie K comme une version résumée, en mettant en relief les lacunes sur la base d’une comparaison avec la version de référence F (Paris, BNF, fr. 1116). Le cinquième chapitre, enfin, propose la localisation de K dans le stemma codicum général de l’œuvre. Ensuite, la thèse présente l’édition des trois témoins Kc, Kf et Ka, chacune accompagnée d’une analyse linguistique. La thèse se termine par la traduction critique en français de la Version K. / The issue of the thesis is the Catalan Version (K) of the Devisement du Monde by Marco Polo. An abbreviated version, K is preserved in a Catalan copy called Kc (Florence, Ricc. 2048), a French translation named Kf (Rome, Vatican Library, Ott. lat. 2207) and an Aragonese translation called Ka (Madrid, Escorial, Z. I. 2). The thesis presents an introduction divided into five chapters. The first chapter contains the description of the manuscripts; the second chapter develops a stemma codicum, identifies the archetype Kx and defines its errors and language. The third chapter focuses on the translation mistakes, which demonstrate that the Catalan version had a Franco-Italian model. The fourth chapter studies K as text summary, highlighting its gaps on the basis of a comparison with the reference version F (Paris, BNF, fr. 1116). The fifth chapter, finally, proposes a localization of K in the general stemma codicum of the work. After the introduction, the thesis presents the edition of the three copies, each one accompanied by a linguistic analysis. The thesis ends with the critical translation, in modern French, of the Catalan Version K.

O presente trabalho procura dar um contributo para o conhecimento dos factores que determinam o Processo Migratório e Mudança Social numa freguesia rural tradicional no noroeste português. O estudo é delimitado pelo ano de 1960 e o início do século XXI. Partindo de uma sucinta análise da conjuntura socio-económica de Portugal na década de 60, a investigação examina as condições de vida das populações do concelho de Marco de Canaveses no mesmo período. São também averiguadas as circunstâncias que ocasionaram a fundação do município em meados do século XIX. O estudo de caso da freguesia de Tuías, que se localiza no concelho do Marco de Canaveses (distrito do Porto), e as conjunturas que propiciaram a passagem de uma sociedade rural a um contexto social de contornos urbanos constitui a última parte do trabalho. É investigado o contributo da emigração no processo de mudança social, bem como outros factores a que ela se associaram e participaram nesta transformação.

My essay, All animals were hurt during the making of this art – En uppsats om döda djur i konsten med utgångspunkt i Nathalia Edenmont, Marco Evaristti och Guillermo Vargas verk, deals with dead animals in art. It is a comparative study with a starting point based on the work Star, 2002 by Nathalia Edenmont, Helena, 2000 by Marco Evaristti and Eres lo que lees, 2007 by Guillermo Vargas. I examine why dead animals in art upsets and provokes us, and why the artists choses to use dead animals as material in their artworks. I do this by the help och Steve Baker and Anthony Julius theories concerning animals in art and transgressive art. Was the use of animals just for the shockeffect, to get the attention from the media or did the artworks have a deeper meaning. I also discuss the ambivalent relationship we have towards animals and what they represent in art.

Thèse--Basel. / Bibliography: v. 1, p. 81-82.