Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-09T18:32:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Miachon Tenorio.pdf: 889460 bytes, checksum: e61ef24fc9d93ea5b4160d4ed53483d1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-09T18:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Miachon Tenorio.pdf: 889460 bytes, checksum: e61ef24fc9d93ea5b4160d4ed53483d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-12 / After the invention of the internet, new legal situations arising from this revolutionary technological advancement shown to be important for the legal world. The World Wide Web, however, has not only brought a lot of benefits, but also brought harmful effects. Privacy was one of the main victims of this technology. On the other hand, the protection on the web, has its technical peculiarities, limited to the architecture of a decentralized system, which requires specific technical knowledge of the legal system, as a way of getting a effectively protective measure in order to safeguard the privacy of the individual. The lack of internet regulations, combined with the legal practitioners´ lack of knowledge, including herein the Judiciary itself, results in an unfair practical application to the relations between companies and web users, which does not collaborate with social appeasement. The purpose of this project is to present a list of normative and legal guardianship able to protect and preserve privacy in the information society, outlining the responsibilities of the main internet service providers and hoping to contribute to a more balanced and innovative web. / Com o surgimento da internet, novas situações jurídicas advindas deste revolucionário avanço tecnológico revelaram-se importantes para o direito. A rede mundial de computadores, todavia, não trouxe apenas benefícios. A privacidade foi uma das principais vítimas desta tecnologia. A tutela na rede mundial de computadores tem suas peculiaridades técnicas, condicionadas à arquitetura de um sistema descentralizado, que demanda conhecimentos técnicos específicos do sistema jurídico, como forma de obter uma medida protetiva eficiente capaz de salvaguardar a privacidade do indivíduo. A falta de regulamentação da internet, aliada à falta de conhecimento dos profissionais do direito, incluindo-se aí o próprio Poder Judiciário, resultam, por vezes, na aplicação de um direito prático injusto às relações entre empresas e usuários da web, que em nada colaboram à pacificação social. O presente trabalho tem como intuito apresentar um rol de tutelas normativas e jurisdicionais aptas a proteger e preservar a privacidade de maneira eficiente no âmbito cibernético, delimitando as responsabilidades dos principais provedores de serviço de internet, na esperança de contribuir para uma web mais equilibrada e inovadora.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-03-07T17:17:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nadia Conceicao Lauriti.pdf: 4853987 bytes, checksum: 0e3e1d61310edadd06a397e15f29cb5e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T17:17:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nadia Conceicao Lauriti.pdf: 4853987 bytes, checksum: 0e3e1d61310edadd06a397e15f29cb5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / In this thesis, the principle of dialogicity, as a vector of Freirian thought, is examined in the facsimile publication of the manuscript of "Pedagogy of the Oppressed", author's work, whose analysis, for its implicit canonicity of document value can contribute to the understanding of the genesis of his theory. This principle is discussed in this context, with the following objectives: a) to contribute to the explanation of potential meanings that can be enriched by the confrontation of the cross temporalities present in the work; b) demonstrate the three-dimensional nature of Freirian dialogue as the basis of its ontological, epistemic and methodological propositions; c) identify the marks of the manuscript as essay writing and the "process documents" of a literary work Marco Lucchesi as an inventive writing; and d) demonstrate, in the manuscript, the intersection of two discursive worlds - the educational and the political - from which emerges the double freirian ethos. It is a qualitative research of theoretical-analytical nature based on contributions derived primarily from discourse analysis and genetic criticism. In this seminal text, we find intratextual, intertextual and paratextual clues that reveal the protagonism of the operative principle of dialogicity in three complementary dimensions that serve as analytical perspectives, namely: the way of saying ("modus dicendi") revealing the substitutionary , exchange, addition, and elimination covered by the erasures that give visibility to the internal dialogic relations through which the "scriptor" discusses with his writing; the way of showing ("modus mostrandi") exposed by the intertextual apparatus and the paratextual constituents that compose the work, portraying the memory of the text, enriching its potential hidden meanings by the folds of time and changing the sensitive conditions of its reception to the reader of the XXI century; and the way of acting in the discourse ("modus faciendi") on which Freire's dual political-pedagogical ethos is based, establishing him as a pioneer of educommunication in Brazil. In the manuscript the matrix embryo of what could be denominated "Pedagogy of the educational dialogue", wielded with the oppressed and not for the oppressed, was verified in the manuscript. Thus, in this investigation, the hypothesis was confirmed that the freiriana dialogic inscribed in the manuscript is a multidimensional operative principle that crosses every conceptual field of the work, revealing itself as a singular gesture that goes beyond the linguistic field to install itself in the discursive dimension and pragmatic approach to language. It is a regulating principle that models his saying, his show and his action in the discourse and in the world, underpinning the other categories. This principle implied a broad and comprehensive view of the human being and did not focus only on the dialogue- denunciation of the situation of the oppressed, but mainly the announcement of possible ways of reversing this circumstance. This research also revealed the principle of Freirean dialogue as a significant indicator of his creative gesture, of the moving thinking of a Freire "writer", that is, of someone who lived and experimented dialogically with the concepts created based on his praxis. / En esta tesis, se examina el principio de la dialogicidad, como vector del pensamiento freiriano, presente en la publicación facsilada del manuscrito de "Pedagogía del Oprimido", obra "princeps" del autor, cuyo análisis, por su canonicidad implícita de documento de valor histórico, puede contribuir a la comprensión de la génesis de su teoría. Se discute tal principio, en ese contexto, con los siguientes objetivos: a) contribuir a explicitar potenciales sentidos que puedan ser enriquecidos por la confrontación de las temporalidades cruzadas presentes en la obra; b) demostrar la naturaleza tridimensional de la dialogicidad freiriana como base de sus proposiciones ontológicas, epistémicas y metodológicas; c) identificar las marcas del manuscrito como escritura ensayística y los "documentos de proceso" de una obra literaria de Marco Lucchesi como escritura inventiva; y d) demostrar, en el manuscrito, la intersección de dos mundos discursivos -el educativo y el político- de donde emerge el doble ethos freiriano. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa de naturaleza teórico-analítica fundamentada en aportes oriundos prioritariamente del análisis del discurso y de la crítica genética. En este texto se indican indicios intratextuales, intertextuales y paratextuales que revelan el protagonismo del principio operatorio de la dialogicidad en tres dimensiones complementarias que nos sirven de perspectivas analíticas, a saber: el modo de decir ("modus dicendi") revelador de los movimientos escriturales de sustitución , permuta, acrecimiento y eliminación encubiertos por las rasuras que dan visibilidad a las relaciones dialógicas internas por medio de las cuales el "scriptor" discute con su escritura; el modo de mostrar ("modus mostrandi") expuesto por el aparato intertextual y los constituyentes paratextuales que componen la obra, retratando la memoria del texto, enriqueciendo sus potenciales sentidos ocultos por los pliegos del tiempo y alterando las condiciones sensibles de su recepción para el lector del, siglo XXI; y el modo de actuar / ser en el discurso ("modus faciendi") sobre el cual se asienta el doble ethos político-pedagógico de Freire, instalándolo como pionero de la educomunicación en Brasil. Se verificó en el manuscrito el embrión matricial de lo que se podría denominar "Pedagogía del diálogo educomunicativo", urdida con el oprimido y no para el oprimido. Así, en esta investigación, se corroboró la hipótesis de que la dialogicidad freiriana inscrita en el manuscrito es un principio operatorio multidimensional que atraviesa todo campo conceptual de la obra, revelándose como gesto singular que sobrepasa el campo lingüístico para instalarse en la dimensión discursiva y pragmática del lenguaje. Se trata de un principio regulador que modela su decir, su mostrar y su actuar / ser en el discurso y en el mundo, basándose en las demás categorías. Este principio implicó una mirada amplia y comprensiva del ser humano y no tuvo como foco sólo el diálogo-denuncia de la situación del oprimido, sino principalmente el anuncio de las posibles formas de revertir tal circunstancia. Esta investigación reveló, también, el principio de la dialogicidad freiriana como significativo indicador de su gesto creador, del pensamiento en movimiento de un Paulo Freire "escriba", vale decir, de alguien que vivió y experimentó dialogalmente los conceptos creados apoyados en su praxis. / Nesta tese, examina-se o princípio da dialogicidade, enquanto vetor do pensamento freiriano, presente na publicação fac-similada do manuscrito de “Pedagogia do Oprimido”, obra “princeps” do autor, cuja análise, por sua canonicidade implícita de documento de valor histórico, poderá contribuir para a compreensão da gênese de sua teoria. Discute-se tal princípio, nesse contexto, com os seguintes objetivos: a) contribuir para explicitar potenciais sentidos que possam ser enriquecidos pelo confronto das temporalidades cruzadas presentes na obra; b) demonstrar a natureza tridimensional da dialogicidade freiriana como base de suas proposições ontológicas, epistêmicas e metodológicas; c) identificar as marcas do manuscrito enquanto escritura ensaística e os “documentos de processo” de uma obra literária de Marco Lucchesi enquanto escrita inventiva; e d) demonstrar, no manuscrito, a intersecção de dois mundos discursivos – o educativo e o político – de onde emerge o duplo ethos freiriano. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de natureza teórico-analítica fundamentada em aportes oriundos prioritariamente da análise do discurso e da crítica genética. Estão presentes nesse texto seminal indícios intratextuais, intertextuais e paratextuais que revelam o protagonismo do princípio operatório da dialogicidade em três dimensões complementares que nos servem de perspectivas analíticas, a saber: o modo de dizer (“modus dicendi”) revelador dos movimentos escriturais de substituição, permuta, acréscimo e eliminação encobertos pelas rasuras que dão visibilidade às relações dialógicas internas por meio dos quais o “scriptor” discute com a sua escritura; o modo de mostrar (“modus mostrandi”) exposto pelo aparato intertextual e os constituintes paratextuais que compõem a obra, retratando a memória do texto, enriquecendo seus potenciais sentidos ocultos pelas dobras do tempo e alterando as condições sensíveis da sua recepção para o leitor do século XXI; e o modo de agir/ser no discurso (“modus faciendi”) sobre o qual se assenta o duplo ethos político-pedagógico de Freire, instalando-o como pioneiro da educomunicação no Brasil. Verificou-se no manuscrito o embrião matricial do que se poderia denominar “Pedagogia do diálogo educomunicativo”, urdida com o oprimido e não para o oprimido. Assim, nesta investigação, corroborou-se a hipótese de que a dialogicidade freiriana inscrita no manuscrito é um princípio operatório multidimensional que perpassa todo campo conceitual da obra, revelando-se como gesto singular que ultrapassa o campo linguístico para instalar-se na dimensão discursiva e pragmática da linguagem. Trata-se de um princípio regulador que modela o seu dizer, o seu mostrar e o seu agir/ser no discurso e no mundo, alicerçando as demais categorias. Esse princípio implicou um olhar amplo e compreensivo do ser humano e não teve como foco apenas o diálogo-denúncia da situação do oprimido, mas principalmente o anúncio das possíveis formas de reverter tal circunstância. Esta investigação revelou, também, o princípio da dialogicidade freiriana como significativo indicador do seu gesto criador, do pensamento em movimento de um Paulo Freire “escrevivente”, vale dizer, de alguém que viveu e experimentou dialogicamente os conceitos criados apoiados em sua práxis.

Les micro-bolomètres non-refroidis bénéficient de développements technologiques récents qui se traduisent par des matrices de plus en plus grandes (1024*768 pixels), pour des pixels de plus en plus petits (17 µm) et de plus en plus sensibles bien que non-refroidis (NETD<60 mK @300 K). L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les détecteurs micro-bolométriques non-refroidis afin de tester leurs capacités en imagerie et en spectroscopie en vue de leur utilisation dans le cadre d'une mission spatiale vers les petits corps du système solaire, dont en particulier la mission Marco Polo R. J'ai étudié le fonctionnement de ces détecteurs en prenant pour exemple le détecteur Nano640Etm de la société Ulis, représentatif de la technologie des micro-bolomètres non-refroidis disponible actuellement. J'ai mesuré la stabilité dans le temps de son signal, l'homogénéité de la matrice du détecteur, et l'influence de différents paramètres de fonctionnement (température du plan focal, temps d'intégration des pixels, gain). La réponse du détecteur est linéaire en fonction de la température de scène à la puissance 4. Les résultats de cette caractérisation m'ont permis de mesurer le NETD du détecteur dans le cadre de cette expérience. J'ai ensuite testé les capacités du détecteur Nano640Etm en imagerie radiométrique calibrée afin d'estimer les erreurs maximales de calibration pour un, deux, ou trois points de calibration placés différemment dans la gamme de température observée / The recent progress of the uncooled micro-bolometer technology has lead to larger detector matrices (1024*768 pixels), with smaller pixel sizes (17 µm) and a higher sensitivity although it is an uncooled technology (NETD<60 mK @300 K). The objective of this thesis is to study uncooled micro-bolometer detectors in order to assess their performance for imagery and spectroscopy within the framework of a space mission towards small bodies of the solar system, including the Marco Polo R mission. I have studied these detectors through the example of the Nano640Etm detector of the Ulis society, which represents well the currently available uncooled micro-bolometer technology. I have measured its signal stability through time, the detector's matrix homogeneity, and the influence of various operating parameters (focal plane temperature, integration time of the pixels, gain). The detector's response is linear as a function of the scene temperature to the power of 4. The results of this characterization allowed me to measure the detector's NETD within this experiment. Then, I tested the Nano640Etm detector's ability to perform calibrated radiometric images in order to estimate the maximum calibration error for one, two, or three calibration points chosen differently within the observed temperature range. Lastly, I assessed the detector's performances for dispersive spectroscopic measurements, using its signal to noise ratio, as a function of the observation wavelength, the scene temperature, and the spectral resolution. The results of these tests are very positive.

Tradução crítica do livro VIII do \"De Lingua Latina\" do gramático Varrão com o propósito de assim estudar parte dessa obra ainda pouco divulgada em português. Nesse livro Varrão trata sobre a maneira de se expressar na escrita, e na fala - mesmo que de uma minoria ilustrada -, mas também lança seu olhar para a disposição das palavras no enunciado conforme as funções que elas aí ocupam. Isso se evidencia por ele demonstrar preocupação com as regras que deveriam ser seguidas em relação a essa disposição das palavras ao apresentar a discussão de sua época entre analogistas e anomalistas no que se refere à analogia existir ou não no âmbito da linguagem, mais precisamente no âmbito dos processos de formação de palavras em latim. / Critical translation of book VIII of the \"De Lingua Latina\" (On The Latin Language) of the grammarian Varro with the intention to study part of this book still little divulged in Portuguese. In this book Varro deals with on the way if expressing in the writing, and in it speaks - exactly that of an illustrated minority -, but also launches his look for the disposal of the words in agreement statement the functions that they occupy there. This if evidences for him to demonstrate concern with the rules that would have to be followed in relation to this disposal of the words when presenting the quarrel of its time between analogists and anomalists as for the analogy to exist or not in the scope of the language, more necessarily in the scope of the processes of formation of words in Latin.

Nos anos 1980 e 1990 ocorre a difusão da Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE), a partir do cenário de intensificação da globalização e do poder crescente das empresas transnacionais que pressionam governos para desregular as relações de trabalho e os direitos trabalhistas, exercendo, desta forma, forte pressão sobre as negociações coletivas e o poder dos sindicatos. No Brasil, esse processo de difusão da RSE se intensifica na década de 1990, não por acaso, a década de aprofundamento do ajuste neoliberal em nosso país. Nesse período o discurso da RSE ganha mais publicidade entre as empresas. Também é desse marco temporal as denúncias sobre as violações de direitos em empresas multinacionais que exploravam homens e mulheres, adultos e crianças em condições de trabalho análogas a escravidão. A partir do início dos anos 2000, já próximo do fim mais agudo das políticas neoliberais, ocorrem algumas iniciativas do movimento sindical, especialmente da Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT), para contrapor a visão hegemônica de responsabilidade social difundida pela mídia e pelas empresas. O que se observa no cenário dos últimos 20 anos, é um grande esforço do movimento sindical internacional a partir dos Sindicatos Globais, em contrapor as iniciativas voluntárias e unilaterais das empresas no campo da responsabilidade social, acionando mecanismos de negociação global com as empresas Multinacionais por meio de Acordo Marco Internacionais (AMIs). Esse esforço, porém padece limitações e evidencia as enormes limitações do sindicalismo para construir ferramentas efetivas de ação global. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a difusão da RSE no contexto da globalização, do aprofundamento das políticas neoliberais e do poder crescente das empresas transnacionais e as ações do sindicalismo internacional e brasileiro, com foco na experiência da CUT, para responder ou contrapor a essas ações e discursos das empresas no campo da RSE. / In the 1980s and 1990s, the diffusion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) occurred, based on the scenario of intensification of globalization and the growing power of transnational companies that pressure governments to deregulate labor relations and labor rights and exerting pressure on collective bargaining and about the power of the unions. In Brazil this CSR diffusion process intensifies in the 1990s, not coincidentally, the decade of deepening of neoliberal adjustment in our country. In this period the discourse of CSR gained more publicity among companies. It is also this timeframe the complaints arising from social movements and social networks on multinational companies exploiting rights violations that adult men and women and children and working conditions analogous to slavery. From the early 2000s, as close to the sharper end of neoliberal policies place some initiatives of the trade union movement, especially the CUT, to counter the hegemonic vision of social responsibility diffused by media and by companies. What is observed in the scenario of the last 20 years, is a great effort of the international trade union movement from the Global Unions Federations (GUFs) in countering voluntary and unilateral initiatives of the multinational companies in the field of corporate social responsibility, triggering global negotiation mechanisms with multinational companies by through International Framework Agreement (IFAs). This effort, however, suffers limitations and highlights the enormous limitations of trade unionism build effective tools for global action. The objective of this study is to analyze the spread of CSR in the context of globalization, the deepening of neoliberal policies and the growing power of transnational corporations and the actions of the international and brazilian labor movement, especially the CUT, to respond or counter to these actions and speeches of the corporations in the field of CSR.

Nos anos 1980 e 1990 ocorre a difusão da Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE), a partir do cenário de intensificação da globalização e do poder crescente das empresas transnacionais que pressionam governos para desregular as relações de trabalho e os direitos trabalhistas, exercendo, desta forma, forte pressão sobre as negociações coletivas e o poder dos sindicatos. No Brasil, esse processo de difusão da RSE se intensifica na década de 1990, não por acaso, a década de aprofundamento do ajuste neoliberal em nosso país. Nesse período o discurso da RSE ganha mais publicidade entre as empresas. Também é desse marco temporal as denúncias sobre as violações de direitos em empresas multinacionais que exploravam homens e mulheres, adultos e crianças em condições de trabalho análogas a escravidão. A partir do início dos anos 2000, já próximo do fim mais agudo das políticas neoliberais, ocorrem algumas iniciativas do movimento sindical, especialmente da Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT), para contrapor a visão hegemônica de responsabilidade social difundida pela mídia e pelas empresas. O que se observa no cenário dos últimos 20 anos, é um grande esforço do movimento sindical internacional a partir dos Sindicatos Globais, em contrapor as iniciativas voluntárias e unilaterais das empresas no campo da responsabilidade social, acionando mecanismos de negociação global com as empresas Multinacionais por meio de Acordo Marco Internacionais (AMIs). Esse esforço, porém padece limitações e evidencia as enormes limitações do sindicalismo para construir ferramentas efetivas de ação global. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a difusão da RSE no contexto da globalização, do aprofundamento das políticas neoliberais e do poder crescente das empresas transnacionais e as ações do sindicalismo internacional e brasileiro, com foco na experiência da CUT, para responder ou contrapor a essas ações e discursos das empresas no campo da RSE. / In the 1980s and 1990s, the diffusion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) occurred, based on the scenario of intensification of globalization and the growing power of transnational companies that pressure governments to deregulate labor relations and labor rights and exerting pressure on collective bargaining and about the power of the unions. In Brazil this CSR diffusion process intensifies in the 1990s, not coincidentally, the decade of deepening of neoliberal adjustment in our country. In this period the discourse of CSR gained more publicity among companies. It is also this timeframe the complaints arising from social movements and social networks on multinational companies exploiting rights violations that adult men and women and children and working conditions analogous to slavery. From the early 2000s, as close to the sharper end of neoliberal policies place some initiatives of the trade union movement, especially the CUT, to counter the hegemonic vision of social responsibility diffused by media and by companies. What is observed in the scenario of the last 20 years, is a great effort of the international trade union movement from the Global Unions Federations (GUFs) in countering voluntary and unilateral initiatives of the multinational companies in the field of corporate social responsibility, triggering global negotiation mechanisms with multinational companies by through International Framework Agreement (IFAs). This effort, however, suffers limitations and highlights the enormous limitations of trade unionism build effective tools for global action. The objective of this study is to analyze the spread of CSR in the context of globalization, the deepening of neoliberal policies and the growing power of transnational corporations and the actions of the international and brazilian labor movement, especially the CUT, to respond or counter to these actions and speeches of the corporations in the field of CSR.

Tradução crítica do livro VIII do \"De Lingua Latina\" do gramático Varrão com o propósito de assim estudar parte dessa obra ainda pouco divulgada em português. Nesse livro Varrão trata sobre a maneira de se expressar na escrita, e na fala - mesmo que de uma minoria ilustrada -, mas também lança seu olhar para a disposição das palavras no enunciado conforme as funções que elas aí ocupam. Isso se evidencia por ele demonstrar preocupação com as regras que deveriam ser seguidas em relação a essa disposição das palavras ao apresentar a discussão de sua época entre analogistas e anomalistas no que se refere à analogia existir ou não no âmbito da linguagem, mais precisamente no âmbito dos processos de formação de palavras em latim. / Critical translation of book VIII of the \"De Lingua Latina\" (On The Latin Language) of the grammarian Varro with the intention to study part of this book still little divulged in Portuguese. In this book Varro deals with on the way if expressing in the writing, and in it speaks - exactly that of an illustrated minority -, but also launches his look for the disposal of the words in agreement statement the functions that they occupy there. This if evidences for him to demonstrate concern with the rules that would have to be followed in relation to this disposal of the words when presenting the quarrel of its time between analogists and anomalists as for the analogy to exist or not in the scope of the language, more necessarily in the scope of the processes of formation of words in Latin.

Les voiles du Sacrifice d’Iphigénie de Timanthe et du Rideau de Parrhasios problématisent le regard antique et font naître un au-delà qui stratifie la représentation. Le silence qu’ils introduisent dans l’image génère une activité « phantastique » fondatrice d’une poéticité visuelle. La Pala di San Marco adapte à un espace pictural unifié la structure du Tabernacle des Linaioli déjà empruntée au Tabernacle mosaïque. Séparant des espaces de sacralité croissante qui font écho à la lecture exégétique en vigueur au Couvent, les voiles y épaississent l’espace et le sens de l’œuvre, exigeant à chaque étape une transformation du regard. L’exégèse identifiant Marie à l’Arca Dei, le XVe siècle développe autour d’elle diverses formules tabernaculaires susceptibles d’annexer l’espace profane du spectateur. Au fond des Annonciations du Quattrocento le voile révélait le thalamus virginis, ventre métonymique de la Vierge. Cette symbolique s’effrite quand la scénographie se charge de l’évocation du Mystère. Le voile prend des accents métapicturaux ou révèle le vulgaire, la vanité, l’intime, la chair. Il les sacralise alors comme il avait sacralisé l’Arca Dei ou la figure de l’empereur. Aléatoire, il ouvre les œuvres à de surprenantes transgressions, comme l’érotisation des Virgo lactans. Les métaphores visuelles se multipliant pour évoquer ce qui pose problème à la représentation, le voile finit par prendre en charge l’image de ce qu’il cache. L’émergence du caché s’assume comme projet de l’œuvre. Contournant le précepte albertien, ce commerce avec l’invisible relie le motif à l’antique approche, ravivée par La Pléiade, d’une poésie qui n’a d’autre raison que d’en-visager l’ineffable. / Veils in Sacrifice of Iphigenia by Timanthes and Curtain by Parrhasius signify a problematisation of the Antiquity’s gaze and engender a hereafter which stratifies representation. The silence these works introduce within the image generates a phantastic activity, the founding basis of a visual poetry.Pala di San Marco adapts to a unified pictorial space the structure of Tabernacolo dei Linaioli already borrowed from the Tabernacle of Moses. Separating spaces of increased sacredness and in accordance with the exegetic reading, veils thicken the space and the meaning of the masterpiece, demanding at each stage a transformation of the viewers’ gaze.The exegesis identifying Marie to Arca Dei, the 15th century develops around her numerous forms which are epigones of the Tabernacle’s and become liable to encompass the viewer’s profane space. Deep within Annunciations of the Quattrocento, the veil revealed the thalamus virginis, metonymical belly of the Virgin Mary. This symbolism becomes eroded when the stage design evokes Mystery. The veil conveys metapictorial allusions or reveals vanity, intimacy, flesh. It « sacralizes » them as it did of Arca Dei or of the emperor. Unpredictably, all works become opened up to surprising transgressions, such as the eroticisation of Virgo lactans. Multiple visual metaphors alluding to what is problematic about representation, the veil supports the image of what it is hiding. The surfacing of the concealed becomes the artwork in itself. Skirting around Alberti’s precepts, this trade with the invisible connects the motif with the ancient concept, revived by La Pléiade, of a poetry whose motive is no other than to en-visage the ineffable.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une nouvelle lecture du Devisement du Monde – connu également sous le titre du Livre des Merveilles, La Description du Monde ou Il Milione – axée sur le regard que porte Marco Polo sur ses contemporains de l’autre bout du monde et la réception qui lui est réservée. Parti dans le contexte des croisades qui réduit l’opposition Orient/Occident à la dualité sarrasin/chrétien, le jeune Marco Polo se retrouve, au travers de ses voyages et à la cour de Kubilai Khan, dans une problématique beaucoup plus vaste, où pratiques et croyances multiples s’inscrivent dans des courants philosophiques jusqu’alors peu connus en Occident. « L’observateur des religions », comme le nomme Philippe Ménard, semble être véritablement fasciné par cette diversité culturelle et religieuse qu’il relève durant son séjour dans l’empire mongol. Tant de nouveautés sont difficiles à assimiler et surtout à rapporter. Nous nous intéressons à la forme que prennent ces descriptions à l’intérieur d’un récit aux versions et traductions multiples, dans un contexte historique et littéraire marqué par les guerres de religion et de pouvoir. Dans la poursuite des travaux de C. Dutschke et de C. Gadrat sur la réception, ce travail de recherche s’appuie sur l’étude diachronique de dix manuscrits et de six éditions du Devisement du monde datant de la première moitié du XIVe siècle jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle. Nous envisageons cette réception du texte, non pas sous l’angle de l’usage du récit polien par d’autres auteurs ou au regard de sa diffusion, mais à partir du texte lui-même, du paratexte ainsi que des enluminures et des illustrations. Ces éléments renseignent sur la manière dont le texte est reçu au cours des siècles, et sont porteurs des attentes du public potentiel qui évoluent elles-mêmes avec le temps. La numérisation systématique des versions/traductions retenues, ainsi que l’usage d’outils d’analyse de données textuelles permettent de concilier une lecture attentive du texte et une analyse quantitative au-delà de l’approche linéaire traditionnelle. / The main goal of this dissertation is to propose a new reading and approach of Marco Polo’s Travels, also known as the Devisement du monde, the Description of the World or Il Milione. This study is based both on Marco Polo’s description of people living on the other side of the world and on the critical reception of his book. When Marco Polo left Venice, the prevailing opposition between West and East was mainly grounded in the duality opposing Christians and Saracens. However, through his travels and during his stay at Kubilai Khan’s Mongol court, the young man embraced more complex issues relating to religious beliefs and practices related to philosophical movements barely known in the Western world.“The observer of religions”, as historian P. Ménard calls him, seems to be fascinated by the cultural and religious diversity he encounters during his stay in the Mongol empire. So, many differences with his own culture were difficult to absorb and to report. In this study, we particularly focus on the many versions and translations of these descriptions, written in a context of political and religious turmoil. Following the works of C. Dutschke and C. Gadrat on the reception theory applied to the Travels, this diachronic research is founded on ten manuscripts and six editions dating from the early 14th century until the late 19th century. The impact of Marco Polo’s account is not studied here through the circulation of his Travels or according to the number of authors mentioning it in their own writings, but is rather established in relation to the text itself, along with the paratext, miniatures and illustrations. All these elements provide valuable information concerning its reception through ages, and about the expectations of the potential audience, which also evolved over time. All the versions and translations of our corpus have been digitized, and thanks to text analysis tools, we were able to reconcile close reading and data processing while analyzing the text.

The aim of this work is to study the development of balance between the factographic and belletristic components in travel literature during the medieval era in Italy. The basis for the analysis are following works: Historia Mongolorum by Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, Il Milione by Marco Polo and Diversae Historiae by Odorico da Pordenone, namely the excerpts from the chosen texts. This work is divided into five chapters. The second chapter is a short introduction to the whole work. In the third chapter is presented Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, his life and historical context, followed by a study of the extent of author's presence in the text composed according to a clear given conditions. The fourth chapter is dedicated to Marco Polo, his life, work and short analysis of author's presence in a text written without any formulated task. In the fifth chapter is presented Odorico da Pordenone, his life and historical context. Afterwards the extent of author's presence in a text is studied on an example of text with a relatively clearly formulated given conditions. The sixth and last chapter is a recapitulation. It contains confrontation and comparison of the gathered information and points out differences and similarities.