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International market selection-screening technique: replacing intuition with a multidimensional framework to select a short-list of countriesGould, Richard Robert, RichardGould@ozemail.com.au January 2002 (has links)
The object of this research was to develop an international market screening methodology which selects highly attractive markets, allowing for the ranges in diversity amongst organisations, countries and products. Conventional business thought is that, every two to five years, dynamic organisations which conduct business internationally should decide which additional foreign market or markets to next enter. If they are internationally inexperienced, this will be their first market; if they are experienced, it might be, say, their 100th market. How should each organisation select their next international market? One previous attempt has been made to quantitatively test which decision variables, and what weights, should be used when choosing between the 230 countries of the world. The literature indicate that a well-informed selection decision could consider over 150 variables that measure aspects of each foreign market's economic, political, legal, cultural, technical and physical environments. Additionally, attributes of the organisation have not been considered when selecting the most attractive short-list of markets. The findings presented in the dissertation are that 30 criteria accounted for 95 per cent of variance at cross-classification rates of 95 per cent. The weights of each variable, and the markets selected statistically as being the most attractive, were found to vary with the capabilities, goals and values of the organisation. This frequently means that different countries will be best for different organisations selling the same product. A
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Development potential and financial viability of fish farming in GhanaAsmah, Ruby January 2008 (has links)
The potential for aquaculture development to make up for an annual 400,000mt shortfall in domestic fish supply was investigated. This involved an overview of the sector to determine its trends and operations and identifying strengths and constraints, a financial viability assessment of the sector, based on mode and levels of operation of existing farms, an assessment of the market and trade for cultured fish with a focus on Oreochromis niloticus, and finally, a GIS approach to update and reassess the potential for aquaculture development in Ghana. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources, the former, via fish farmer, dealers and consumer questionnaire surveys. Results of the study showed that interests in fish farming continue to grow with an overall annual average growth rate of 16% since 2000. The existing farms, 1300 in number were however very small with a mean farm size of 0.36ha and a median 0.06ha of which commercial farms accounted for less than 3%. Based on sizes, mode of operation and levels of input and output, five subsistence farm types were identified. Mean production from these pond-based farms ranged from 1436kg/ha/yr- to 4,423kg/ha/yr while that of a medium sized intensive commercial pond farm was 45,999kg/ha/yr. Commercial farming accounted for about 75% of 2006 aquaculture production. The main strength identified was the growing interest in both commercial and non-commercial fish farming and the main constraints were lack of quality seed, low levels of technical support and of knowledge in fish farming practices among non-commercial farmers. Net profits of commercial farms ranged from GH¢ 3,341 (US$3480)/ha/yr to GH¢ 51,444 (US$ 53,587)/ha/yr with payback from 1 to 4yrs, IRR at 35% to 105% and NPV from GH¢ 5,898 to GH¢ 236,412. By contrast, only two of the five non-commercial farm types made positive net returns ranging, from GH¢158 to GH¢1100/ha/yr, with minimum payback period of 14yrs, NPVs of less than 1 and the best IRR being just 4%, when initial capital requirements are full costed. Uncosted family labour inputs and negligible land opportunity costs improved viabilities for two farm types, where net returns/ha/yr increased by more than 50%, minimum payback dropped to 2 years, NPV from GH¢ 4839 to GH¢ 9330 and minimum IRR of 45%. Main constraints identified as affecting the profitability of subsistence farming were the relatively low prices of fish and the low levels of output which could be improved through better farming practices. From the market survey, a huge market potential for tilapia was identified with a current supply deficit of 41,000mt. The most preferred sizes by consumers and with potentially good market price for traders were those weighing at least 200g. For dealers, trading in cultured fish was found to be more profitable than trading wild capture tilapia because of lower wholesaler prices, gross profit margins were GH¢ 0.49/kg and GH¢ 0.25/kg respectively. Preference for tilapia was influenced by taste, availability, and its perceived health benefit. A key constraint to the sector was poor post-harvest handling and preservation of the fish resulting in shorter shelf life. From the GIS study, 2% (3,692 km2) of available land area was identified as very suitable for subsistence and about 0.2% (313.8km2) for commercial farming. A further 97.4% and 84.0% were identified as suitable for subsistence and commercial farming respectively. Areas with potential for cage culture were also identified, which were largely in the southern and mid-sections of the country. The overall conclusions are that based on natural resource requirements, market potential and financial viability, Ghana has the potential to totally make up the shortfall in domestic fish supply through aquaculture production. The current 400,000mt shortfall in domestic fish production can be achieved by 2020 by increasing overall aquaculture production by 60% per annum.
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O potencial de mercado de empresas atacadistas através do varejo de materiais de construção nos municípios paulistas, no segmento de materiais elétricos, entre 1997 e 2002Saheli, Sumaia 27 June 2006 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2006-06-27T00:00:00Z / A pesquisa que se segue representa um estudo sobre o potencial de mercado de empresas atacadistas através do varejo de materiais de construção nos municípios paulistas. O período de análise da pesquisa compreende os anos entre 1997 e 2002, focando a demanda por materiais elétricos. O trabalho contempla a revisão da literatura pertinente ao assunto; a realização de uma pesquisa de campo com os varejistas de materiais de construção; a utilização de dados secundários diversos; e a estimação do potencial de mercado através da utilização de modelos hierárquicos lineares. O modelo proposto compõe-se de quatro partes. A primeira estima o volume de emprego no varejo de materiais de construção em cada município, com base na massa salarial dos municípios e no dinamismo populacional das microrregiões e mesorregiões paulistas. Para tanto, utiliza-se de modelo hierárquico em três níveis. A segunda parte estima a receita do varejo de materiais de construção com base no emprego gerado por estes estabelecimentos, utilizando-se de modelo hierárquico em dois níveis. A terceira parte, com base na pesquisa de campo, relaciona a receita do varejo ao potencial de mercado para o atacado. Por fim, na última parte se valida a estimativa, comparando-a ao faturamento de um atacadista de referência. Os resultados encontrados confirmam a adequação do modelo proposto. Ainda, as pesquisas realizadas, sejam elas através da coleta de dados diretos ou indiretos, apontam para a importância do atacado, principalmente como fornecedor do pequeno varejo, fortalecido este último pela estabilização econômica. Assim, mesmo em vista do acirramento do ambiente competitivo, fruto do fortalecimento do varejo e do desejo da ampliação das vendas diretas por parte dos fabricantes, o atacado preserva sua importância na economia. Por fim, observou-se que a distribuição espacial do potencial de mercado relativo não divergia significativamente da distribuição da densidade do emprego estimado e da distribuição da densidade da receita líquida de revenda do varejista estimada, sugerindo que estas variáveis possam ser utilizadas como variáveis proxies. / This paper is a study on the marketing potential of wholesale companies based on the retail of building supplies, in the São Paulo state municipalities, during the 1997 - 2002 timeperiods. The focus of this study is on the demand for power electrical supplies. The study comprehends: a literature review; the conduction of a field research together with building supplies retailers; the employment of several secondary data; and, an estimation of the market potential with the application of linear hierarchical models. The presented model has been developed in four steps. First, with the application of a three level hierarchical model, employment volume is estimated on the building supplies retailing for each municipality. This is based on the total wage and salary income of each municipality and, on the dynamism of the population in the microregions and the mesoregions of São Paulo state. Second, with a two level hierarchical model, retail sales revenue is estimated based on the employment volume generated by the retailing business. Third, based on a field research, a relationship between retail sales revenue and the market potential for the wholesale business is established. At last, the determined market potential is validated when compared to the annual sales of a wholesaler of reference. The verified results validate the application of the presented model. Either by means of direct or indirect data collection, the conducted research highlights the importance of the wholesale business, mainly as supplier for the retailing business, where this latter has increased with the stability of the economy. Thus, even in face of a tough environment competition, due to the strengthening of the retail business and the desire on the part of the manufacturers to expand direct sales, the wholesale business still retains its importance on the economy. Finally, it was observed that the spatial distribution of a determined market potential does not differ significantly from the distribution of the estimated employment density nor from the distribution of the estimated resale net revenue density of the retailer, which suggests that these variables may be used as proxies.
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Marketingová strategie nově vzniklé společnosti / Marketing Strategy of a Newly Established CompanySlámová, Pavla January 2010 (has links)
The main objective of the thesis is to work on a marketing strategy intended for a newly established private charter company. The general principles, marketing concept and strategy layout applied to the company in question are elaborated on. The primary objective is to conduct the analysis of both external and internal environment terms, to conduct a competitor analysis and to deduce the market potential for the particular market area. The next objective is then to identify the client and their requirements, to select the target of the client demand as well as to compare the client demands with the company potential supply. Based on the market survey, the marketing goals are specified and executable strategies are presented. The marketing strategy includes a future profit prediction based on the defined goals and a proposal for verification activities for a parallel plan-keeping control. In general, the aim of the present thesis is to create a marketing strategy that would be integrated in the company management and its business activities.
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Challenges of an SME in the market ramp-up of fuel cells in terms of quantity & qualityWannemacher, Thomas 25 November 2019 (has links)
Brennstoffzellen stellen aufgrund ihrer Vielseitigkeit, ihres Wirkungsgrades und ihrer systembedingten Vorteile eine ausgezeichnete Lösung zur Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie bei Bedarf dar. Zahlreiche Projekte haben die prinzipielle Einsatzbereitschaft dieser Technologie für stationäre, maritime und mobile Anwendungen gezeigt. Der Markthochlauf steht jedoch derzeit vor einigen Hürden. Besonderes Augenmerk wird darauf gelegt, wie kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) diese überwinden können. Diese Hindernisse werden im Kontext der allgemeinen Marktsituation im Allgemeinen sowie in der Brennstoffzellenindustrie grundlegend analysiert. Möglichkeiten zur Kostensenkung bei steigenden Produktionsmengen und zur Sicherstellung der erforderlichen Produktqualität werden diskutiert. Die zu produzierenden Stückzahlen sind je nach Marktsegment sehr unterschiedlich. Daher ist es unerlässlich, dass die Produktionskapazitäten mit der tatsächlichen Nachfrage nach Brennstoffzellensystemen und -produkten wachsen. Ein universelles Brennstoffzellensystem, das nur einfache Anpassungen für verschiedene Anwendungen erfordert, kann hier eine Lösung sein. / Fuel cells represent an excellent solution for generating electrical power on demand because of their versatility, efficiency and system-related advantages. Numerous projects have shown the readiness of this technology for stationary, maritime and mobile applications. However the market ramp-up presently faces certain hurdles. Particular attention is paid to how small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) can overcome them. These obstacles are put in context by an analysis of the general market Situation within the fuel cell industry. Opportunities for the reduction of costs as production quantities ramp up whilst assuring the necessary product quality are discussed. The quantities involved are vary between individual market segments. Therefore it is imperative that production capacities grow in line with the actual demand for fuel cell systems and products. A universal fuel ce/1 system design which only needs simple adaptations for different applications can be a solution here.
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