<p>It’s known that the drug information patients get at discharge from hospital is often insufficient. Patients’ ignorance of which drug they use and how to take them can lead to drug related problems, can cause suffering and heavy expenses.</p><p>The aim of this study was to shed light on the patients’ understanding for drug information, which was given at discharge from hospital. The literature survey was used as a method and based upon a systematic choice of scientific articles, which were found in different databases during the period of April 1 to May 31, 2008. </p><p>The result from eighteen chosen articles showed that there were problems in patients’ understanding of their drug information. The understanding could be influenced by different factors, among other things: age, number of prescribed drugs, how much and what kind of information the patients got at discharge. The patients thought the information they got from the nurse and the doctor had the same quality. The understanding for the drug treatment increased when the drug information was delivered in both verbal and writing and at a follow-up telephone call or meeting at home. When the understanding for the their drug treatment got better, the compliance increased and the drug related problems decreased. </p><p>The conclusion is that the nurse plays an important role to inform and educate the patients about their drug treatment and to follow up the patients’ understanding.</p>

<p>Background: Every year, more than 1000 cases of adverse events are reported in the Swedish health care system. These adverse events cost approximately 240 million Swedish kronor each year. By explaining the factors that cause nurses to make mistakes when they have too great a workload, it is hoped the awareness of health care staff will increase. Aim: To perform a literature review which describes factors that can endanger patient safety when nurses experience too great a workload. Method: A systematic literature review encompassing both quantitative and qualitative material. The material in the chosen articles was analysed with a content analysis method. Findings: When nurses experienced too great a workload they do not always follow routines, which had the effect of endangering patient safety. A shortage of nurses and under-manning results in a</p><p>workload which suggests patient safety is not always maintained. Conflicts and misunderstandings between nurses and other healthcare staff also contribute to an increased risk of mistakes occurring. Conclusion: The study showed that too great a workload resulted in a decreased patient safety. Not following routines, nursing shortages and staff failing to communicate effectively were factors which could lead to mistakes affecting patient safety occurring.</p><p>Keywords: nurse, workload, patient safety, nursing care.</p>

<p>Background: Documents and legislation inform us that parts of the public health service of Sweden, at a political level, aim to support people’s sexual health. Statistics show there has been an increase among young woman, seeking help for sexual pain during intercourse. The diagnosis that the media has come to observe lately is vulvar vestibulitis. In general there is a lack of knowledge about the existence of this state of pain and its causes, which impacts woman to get appropriate help and support in time. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the experience of support among women with the diagnosis vulvar vestibulitis. Material and Method: Qualitative research interviews were used together with information and discussion from Vestibulit.com, an internet web community for woman with vulvar vestibulitis. The reason for using two methods was to collaborate more information for a broader perspective. Result: The result has showed that support is highly influential in reaching good sexual health. When and how the support sets in, together with understanding people in the surroundings, are highlighted as some of the most meaningful factors that the participants have emphasized. Vestibulit.com can be seen as an informative resource for the woman and gives them possibilities to exchange experiences and knowledge with each other. Conclusion: Our study has shown that there is a strong need for more knowledge and resources of the diagnosis vulvar vestibulitis, so that woman can be treated and supported in time. Through accurate health promotion woman with this kind of pain problem can expect more positive sexual health and a state of wellbeing.</p>

<p>BACKGROUND: One of the nurse’s areas of responsibility is to relieve suffering. Research has shown that nurses give an indication of an emotional load in the interaction with dying patients. This means that patients need of relieved suffering gets disregarded because of nurse’s fear of the unknown. Nurses can get an understanding through putting herself into the perspective of the patient, and through that she can reduce suffering. One way is to read autobiographies that describe experiences of diseases, which contributes to the nurse’s competence. AIM: The aim of the study was to illustrate people’s experiences of living with an incurable cancerdisease. METHOD: A qualitative literature review that was based on five phenomenological scientific articles and two autobiographies. Interpretation of the literature was based on Graneheim and Lundmans content analysis. RESULT: Two main categories for scientific articles and autobiographies developed into: "changes experiences in the relation to yourself", which included changes of identification and changes of the body and "changed experiences in the relation to others", which resulted in for example to be disregarded and to be a burden for others. CONCLUSION: The suffering can be identified and relieved if the nurses gets knowledge from patients own experiences of how to live with an incurable cancerdisease. Further research needs to be done in the topic of nursing dying patients, to acquire the knowledge needed to cope with the fear.</p>

<p>Every year 300 children in Sweden are diagnosed with cancer, but through research and successful clinical work 70 % of the children survive their cancer. Aim: To illuminate nursing care of children with cancer. Method: The study was carried out as a general literature study through systematic review and analyse of 18 scientific articles. Result: The analysis resulted in five themes: Support, play as a psychological assistance, alternatives to alleviation of pain, nutrition and relieving symptoms of fatigue.Conclusion: It is important that the nurse has knowledge about the children and their family’s experiences when dealing with a cancer illness to provide the children with adequate care. There is need for further research about the child´s own experiences.</p>

<p>Background: Children frequently exhibit high levels of distress while undergoing routine blood sampling or injections. If the child is not treated with appropriate care, the feelings of distress may increase over time and result in needle-phobia. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe nurses´ possibilities to relieve distress in children undergoing needle sticks. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted through database search and screening of reference lists. Ten research articles with a quantitative approach were included, coded for quality and then analyzed. Results: Main results were presented in two categories, the effect of preparation and the effect of distraction. To prepare children with information failed to reduce children’s distress, but in combination with application of EMLA the effect could reach significance. The effect of distraction was inconsistent but distress seemed to decrease when nurses interacted in distracting the child. Conclusions: Children´s distress while undergoing needle sticks are affected by many different variables and this study failed to present generalizable ways for nursing care. Nurses are important and have the potential to make a difference in caring for the child. However there is little guidance for nurses on how to relieve children´s distress in recent literature. Future research should focus on nurses´ possibilities through a wider perspective to reach holistic guidance in this matter.</p>

<p>Background: Alzheimer’s disease belongs to the largest group of dementia and stands for the half of those 37 millions persons whom are affected of dementia in the entire world. Alzheimer’s disease affects the patients with changes on their behaviour. It is important as a nurse to prevent that the symptoms increase. Music is very important for all people and it has been used in many different contexts. In order to use music in the care as an alternative to other shapes of treatments, it is very important to have knowledge about its importance. Aim: The aim of this study was to illustrate the influence of music on patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Method: A literature review was performed that was based on scientific articles. Result: The result shows that music contribute with several positive effects on patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Music can reduce agitations levels, it stimulate the memory, and increase the physical movements. Conclution: Knowledge about the music’s importance for patients with Alzheimer’s disease could be improved among caregivers in order to introduce music as in care as a form of treatment. </p>

<p>Bakgrund: Vårdpersonal inom psykiatrisk verksamhet kan ha svårigheter att förhålla sig till personer med borderline personlighetsstörning (BPS) eftersom BPS är en emotionell instabil personlighetsstörning där humöret är oberäkneligt, handlingarna impulsiva och beteendet konfliktsökande. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskor såväl som annan vårdpersonals erfarenheter och attityder till personer med BPS inom psykiatrisk verksamhet. Metod: Utifrån syftet gjordes en litteraturstudie baserad på vetenskapliga artiklar från olika databaser. Analys av artiklarna innebar att varje artikels resultatdel lyftes fram för att finna likheter, skillnader och bärande rubriker. Resultat: Resultatet visade att en stor del av vårdpersonalen hade negativa erfarenheter och attityder till personer med BPS, vilket främst berodde på för lite kunskap om denna patientgrupp. Diskussion: Omvårdnad och attityder präglas av vilken kunskap vårdpersonalen har och ökad kunskap kan ge en förbättrad omvårdnad och därigenom en mera positiv attityd. Slutsats: Utgår vårdpersonalen från en humanistisk människosyn som genomsyrar omvårdnad, kunskap och attityder förbättras deras erfarenheter och attityder vilket kan leda till en optimal omvårdnad för personer med BPS. </p>

<p>Bakgrund: Strokepatienter svarar för flest sjukdagar inom den somatiska vården i Sverige och därför finns det ett samhällsekonomiskt intresse av att minska strokepatienters vårdtid. Ett samarbete mellan olika yrkesgrupper inom vården kan bidra till detta. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa autonomin hos strokepatienter med funktionshinder i samverkan med multiprofessionella rehabiliteringsteam. Metod: Studien genomfördes som</p><p>en litteraturstudie genom granskning av 16 publicerade vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet av studien pekar på tre grundläggande förutsättningar för att rehabiliteringen skall leda till största möjliga autonomi hos strokepatienter. De tre förutsättningarna är information respektive stöd till patienten samt medvetna behandlingsstrategier. Ett multiprofessionellt rehabiliteringsteam kan vara den lämpliga behandlingsformen för att</p><p>uppfylla dessa förutsättningar. Forskningen i ämnet var begränsad. Multiprofessionella team kan öka autonomin hos strokepatienter, men det finns behov av ytterligare forskning i ämnet.</p>

<p>There are several ways to identify individuals with dry mouth, but there are few studies made in which the different methods have been compared with each other.The aim of this pilotstudy was to compare different methods for identifying individuals with dry mouth. Fifty individuals aged 50 to 75 years were included in this studie. These where randomly chosen among patients at the dental clinic at Kristianstad University College. Four different salivary measurements were conducted: 1) collection of unstimulated saliva, 2) collection of stimulated saliva, 3) the so called “mirrortest”, and 4) analyse using cottonrolls. The result showed a statistically significant correlation between collection of unstimulated saliva, collection of stimulated saliva and analyse with the help of cottonrolls. There were no statistically significant correlations between the mirrortest and any of the other tests. The statistical correlations between the tests were only obtained at high saivary secretion rates, as the studie had too few participants with low secretion rate to perform any comparisons between the methods at low secretion rates. There is a need for more research concerning standardization of the cottonroll method and to determine it’s values of low secretion rate. However, the overall feeling is that this method, if it’s preformed correctly and with a good scale, can be a suitably alternative for saliva measurments of people who has difficultys conducting the normal salivatests.</p>