<p>Bakgrund: Hjärtinfarkt är den vanligaste dödsorsaken bland kvinnor i världen. Män och kvinnor har i regel inte samma</p><p>symtom, kvinnor får oftast ont i höger skuldra, känner illamående samt åtstramning vid käkarna. Eftersom hjärtat är starkt förknippat med livet upplever många kvinnor olika känslomässiga upplevelser. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av vardagslivet efter hjärtinfarkt. </p><p>Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie som grundades på kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar gjordes. Resultatet baserades på elva artiklar som söktes fram via elektroniska databaser och därefter granskades och analyserades. Resultat: Det som framkom var att kvinnorna upplevde kroppsliga förändringar, inverkan på det sociala livet och känslomässiga upplevelser. Kvinnorna upplevde symtom även efter hjärtinfarkten och det sociala nätverket var en viktig del i återhämtningsprocessen. Rädsla var en återkommande upplevelse, bland annat upplevde de rädsla för döden, framtiden samt för återinsjuknande. Diskussion: Information och samtalsstöd är viktiga faktorer som hade kunnat underlätta återhämtningsprocessen för kvinnorna. Sådana åtgärder är en del i sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde. Slutsats: Existentiella behov förbises ofta i sjukvården, därför är det viktigt att uppmärksamma detta.</p><p>Background: Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of death among women in the world. Men and women are not having the same symptom, women are more likely to have pain in their right shoulder, feeling nausea as well as discomfort in the jaw. Because the heart is associated with life many women experience emotional experiences. Aim: The aim was to describe women’s experiences of daily life after myocardial infarction. Method: A common literature review based on qualitative scientific articles was made. The result were based on eleven articles which was searched and retrieved in electronic databases, examined and analysed. </p><p>Results: The women’s experiences were related to bodily changes, influences on the social life and emotional experiences. The women experienced symptoms even after the myocardial infarction and the social network was an important part in the recovery process. Fear was a recurrent feeling, they experienced fear of death, for the future and relapse. Discussion: Information and conversation support is important to make the recovery process easier for the women. This is a part of the nurse’s responsibility. Conclusion: Existential needs are often overlooked in the medical care, that’s why it is important to notice this. </p><p> </p>

<p>Elective joint surgery increases for every year and the operations are associated with postoperative pain. Postoperative pain is a well known phenomenon and pain physiology and analgesics are well known by caregivers, but the significance of the interaction between patient and caregiver is not illuminated. There are still patients experiencing unnecessary postoperative pain. Among patients in elective surgery, 25% runs a risk for underestimated pain. The aim of the study was to describe patient’s experiences of nursing interaction in the context of postoperative pain during hospitalisation after going through knee- or hiparthropasty. This study was constructed on a qualitative phenomenological research method of Amadeo Giorgio (1985). The sample contains 11 patients undergoing knee- or hiparthroplasty. The informers were interviewed in their own home and the interviews were taped and analyzed. The result indicates that pain relief is depending on interactive communication. All the patients who experienced intense pain also experienced deficient communication. Pain caused by anxiety or social relations runs a risk for underestimation by the caregivers. The patients who experienced a faithful relation also experienced satisfying pain relief. Holistic view is limited in orthopaedic care and effect on pain by socialpsychologic reasons has hitherto not been reported. The caregivers need to obtain a trustful relation to the patients to minimize pain. The nursing care for postoperative pain can be developed and this study might contribute to development of quality in post surgical orthopaedic care. </p>

<p>Background: Heart ischemia is a disease affected by behaviour, lifestyle and heredity. The disease is more common in the western world and the number of those who suffer increases. The mortality has reduced thanks to that medical resources and knowledge have approved. Purpose: The purpose of this study of the literature was to find out what patients experienced emotionally at an acute heart attack. Methods: A study of literature where scientific articles has been refereed and analyzed, then resulted into five categories presented in the result. Results: Studies shown that many of the patients have a depression and had experienced a lack of support after the hospitalisation. Conclusion: Needed in the sick care is that the nurse is able to take time for an individual care that looks through the medical diagnostic.</p>

<p>Background: In Sweden approximately 37 000 individuals are affected by myocardial infarction every year. It is important after an infarction to investigate and make preventive changes of lifestyle to prevent another event. Patients have different conditions on how to manage a myocardial infarction and the new life situation they are put in. Through Kim’s domains men’s experiences after a myocardial infarction are separated. Aim: The aim for this study was to elucidate men’s experiences after a myocardial infarction. Methods: Systematic literature review Result: Some men pointed out physical symptoms while others brought out psychological. Many experienced lifestyle changes as difficult. Numerous men felt support from their surrounding; nevertheless they felt that it affected their daily life by being overprotective. Multiple men where dissatisfied with the information from their care givers. Discussion: It is important to see the individual and the person’s life situation. What is the reason for patients’ dissatisfaction regarding information? How would it be possible to facilitate for the patients´ in their situation with an overprotective family and how would it be possible to find those patients´ that are considered as patients at risk without support from their surrounding? Conclusion: The individual behind the sickness is never to be overlooked witch could give negative consequences regarding nursing. For some reason there is a lack of information. This ought to be investigated so that the quality of the information to patients´ could be better. Overprotective family should be more involved in the care. </p>

<p>Obesity is one of the biggest threats to child- and adolescent health. The amount of obese children is today increasing more in Sweden than in the US. This may in a couple of years have bad consequences for the Swedish children’s quality of life. When a child suffers from obesity it is a big stress on the body and can lead to serious consequences in adulthood. An effective treatment in the early stages is important to prevent further obesity to develop. Purpose: The aim of this study was to bring forward the nurse role during treatment of obese children. Method: A literature study was performed and suitable articles were searched for in different Internet databases of which the result is based on. Result: The result is based on four main categories: inform and educate, recommend and motivate, follow up and co-operation. The result showed that nurses need to develop co-operation with the children’s parents. It is also important that the nurse motivates the children, especially the older ones to change their eating habits and increase their physical activity. Discussion: The nurse’s duty during treatment of child obesity needs to be clarified by for example increased education. The whole family needs to be involved for a succesful change of the child’s eating and physical habits.</p>

<p>To receive a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer can lead to a tremendous change in a person’s life. Thoughts regarding death may cause a personal crisis which can have negative influences on the patient’s social, mental and spiritual state. Most people with pancreatic cancer are diagnosed in a late stage of the disease. Therefore, palliative care is often one of the options that are offered to patients. Moreover, to be able to provide patients with nursing care and tend to their needs, it is very important to see them as unique individuals. The purpose with the literature review was to illustrate the experiences of palliative nursing care of patients with pancreatic cancer. A systematic literature review of scientific articles was performed. The study showed that patients’ experiences of need for information, patients’ need for time, support and personal relations, patients’ experiences of hope as well as patients’ need for symptom control were of importance in palliative nursing care.</p>

<p>The aim of the study was to examine experiences and attitudes to dental hygienist treatment in a group of patients by using the assessment tools Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and Dental Hygienist Beliefs Survey (DHBS) at the dental hygienist clinic, the university of Kristianstad. Another aim of the study was to test the reliability of the assessment tools. Methods: Fifteen respondents answered the two questionnaires at two different occasions before dental hygienist treatment. The results showed that nine respondents reported that they are absolutely calm when their dental hygienist is going to remove tartar, while six are a little bit worried or tensed. The categories ethics, communication, trust and control in DHBS had a positive agreement (mean value 1.1 and 1.2). The reliability showed a percent agreement between 100% and 80% and the Kappa coefficients were between 1.0 and 0.29. Eight categories had “very good agreement”, four “good agreement”, three “moderate agreement” and one “fair agreement”. Conclusion: The respondents’ experiences are affected by the dental hygienists. The respondents experienced dental hygienists and their treatment generally positive. More control over the dental care situation was however desired. Due to the low number of respondents it is not possible to judge the reliability. </p>

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of dental erosion and the consumption habits of soft drinks among secondary school students. Differences between the sexes should also be investigated. The study consisted of 102 students, 60 women and 42 men, in the eleventh grade from a school in the south of Sweden. A questionnaire with 25 questions, divided in two parts with focus on knowledge respective consumption pattern and behaviour, was handed out and collected by the authors. The data showed that more than 50% of the participants had knowledge about dental erosion. More men than women knew about dental erosion. The main source of information was media (radio/newspapers/TV) and secondly dental personnel. A majority of the participants thought that the factors causing dental caries are the one’s that also may cause dental erosion. A majority of the students knew that soft drinks are a risk factor in the development of dental erosion. Men had a higher consumption of soft drinks compared to women. The results of the study indicate an inadequate level of knowledge of dental erosion among adolescents which has to be improved due to the increasing prevalence seen during recent years. It is of great importance that adolescents are aware of the factors that may cause dental erosion and how it may be prevented. Dental personnel ought to increase the information about the disease and dental hygienists may from this respect take a large responsibility of this matter.</p>

<p>The physical inactivity and other diseases related to ways of living in Sweden, affects a big part of Swedes, simultaneously as the society is more defined and marked by health promoting and by views that affects many people to actively make a difference in their lives. Physical activity on prescription is such an example of health promoting, which enlarges the conditions for a healthy life. Physical activity on prescription is also about that the individual should take the decision by herself to increase her physical activity or to get motivated to start a healthy life style alternative reduce the risk of getting sicker. The purpose of our study was to illustrate what the participants of “fysioteket” thought about the work of fysioteket and if the physical activity on prescription has affected their motivation towards physical activity and their experienced health. The method we chose to accomplish the investigation was a cross-sectional survey, an inquiry delivered by mail, to all of the customers at “fysioteket”, totally 90 people from which 63 participated in our study. From a general point of view, our results are to advantage for “fysioteket” because a majority of the prescription-receivers thought that they got enough with information, motivation and guiding to manage the change in life style, which it means to increase the physical activity or to become physical active. The advantage is also that a majority (about 67 %) of the prescription-receivers´ health has become better after the receiving of such a prescription, which is reflected by the results that their physical activity also has increased since the prescription. The negatively aspects of the respondents´ answers are that the communication didn’t function as good as expected and should be better to avoid future misunderstandings about the role and work tasks of “fysioteket”. We consider that the activity of “fysioteket”, after accomplishing the study, is a part of the positively development towards a more health promoting social structure, where physical activity hopefully will be more implemented in people’s attitudes and life style.</p>

<p>Bakgrund/Litteraturgenomgång: Skolan spelar en viktig roll när det gäller att forma</p><p>ungdomars sexuella hälsa. Samtidigt konkurrerar skolan med media som informationskanal.</p><p>Forskning visar att ungdomar idag tar större sexuella risker och sexuellt överförbara</p><p>infektioner ökar. En utvärdering visar att sexualundervisningen i skolorna är bristfällig och vilar på ett patogent perspektiv. Upplevelsebaserat lärande är en metod som delvis används i undervisningen. Metoden grundar sig på att eleverna skapar erfarenheter genom aktivt deltagande i olika simuleringar. </p><p>Syfte: Syftet är att få en ökad förståelse för upplevelsebaserat lärande som metod i sex- och samlevnadsundervisning i åk 7-9. </p><p>Metod: En kvalitativ undersökning med fem intervjuer genomfördes med undervisande personal. </p><p>Resultat: Behovet av ämnet sex och samlevnad är stort. Upplevelsebaserat lärande kräver mer förarbete, tid, intresse och engagemang från den undervisande personalen än annan undervisning. Metoden når eleverna och ger en helhetsbild i lärandeprocessen. Eleverna blir tryggare och vågar mer. Metoden upplevs ej lämplig i klasser med olika etnicitet och mognadsgrad bland eleverna. </p><p>Diskussion: Upplevelsebaserat lärande syftar till att genom</p><p>simuleringar nå eleverna i deras livsvärld. Detta angreppssätt undviker dekontextualisering. Men detta lyckas inte alltid då det kan uppstå problem. Tid, hanterbarhet och engagemang är några av dem. Metoden har stora möjligheter för hälsofrämjande arbete.</p>