<p>Det är viktigt att se hälsa ur ett helhetsperspektiv där den sociala, fysiska samt psykiska hälsan ingår. Människan tillbringar en stor del av sitt liv på arbetsplatsen, det är därför en viktig arena att arbeta hälsofrämjande med. Hälsofrämjande sjukhus är ett exempel på en sådan arena. För hälsofrämjande sjukhus är det bland annat viktigt att främja den egna personalens hälsoutveckling i en positiv riktning, med hjälp av en aktiv kunskapsförmedling. På arbetsplatsen är det viktigt med nyckelpersoner som kan förmedla kunskap om hälsans villkor till övriga anställda. En sådan nyckelperson kan vara hälsoinspiratören. Syftet var att på Centralsjukhuset Kristianstad undersöka de anställdas syn på hälsoinspiratörens roll, om de motiverade till sundare levnadsvanor samt synen på hälsoinspiratörernas kunskapsförmedling. En kvantitativ metod valdes och en enkätundersökning genomfördes bland 794 anställda. </p><p>Resultatet visade att hälften av respondenterna visste vem hälsoinspiratören var. Majoriteten av de anställda såg hälsoinspiratören som källa till inspiration. Resultatet visade även att tre fjärdedelar av respondenterna var positivt inställda till hälsoinspiratörens roll och såg hälsoinspiratören som bland annat källa till inspiration. En tiondel ansåg sig ha blivit motiverade till hälsosammare val av hälsoinspiratören. Majoriteten av respondenterna ställde sig neutrala till hälsoinspiratören gällande kunskapsförmedling. Slutsatsen av studien är att hälsoinspiratören kan fungera som en nyckelperson gällande socialt stöd och som källa till motivation för hälsosammare val. För att hälsoinspiratörens roll ska utvecklas och fungera på bästa sätt behövs mer tid och utbildning.</p><p>It is very important to see health from an overall view where the social, physical and psychological healths are included. The human being spends a great part of their lives at work. Because of that it is an important arena in which to work with health promotion. The Health promoting Hospital is an example of such an arena. It is important in The Health promoting Hospital to promote the staff’s own health in a constructive aim, taking help from active mediation of knowledge. At a workplace it is important to have key persons who can mediate knowledge about the health conditions to the employees. “The inspirerer of health” is an example of such a key person. The aim was to examine the employees view on the role of “the inspirerer of health”, whether they motivate to healthier way of living and the view on their knowledge mediation. A quantitative method was chosen and a questionnaire took place among 794 employees. The result revealed that half of the respondents had knowledge about who “the inspirerer of health” was. The majority of the employees saw “the inspirerer of health” as a source to inspiration. The result revealed that three out of four were positive to the role of “the inspirerer of health” and saw them as a source of inspiration. One out of ten said they had been motivated to healthier choices by “the inspirerer of health”. The majority of the respondents was taking a neutral point of view about knowledge mediation by the “the inspirerer of health”. The final scene of the study is that “the inspirerer of health” can work as a key person regarding social support and as a source to motivate persons to healthier choices. To insure that the role of “the inspirerer of health” will develop and work for the best there needs to be more time and education for all parts involved.</p>

<p>Bakgrund: Fibromyalgi drabbar två till tre procent av befolkningen och är ett kroniskt smärttillstånd utan känd orsak. Majoriteten av dem som drabbas är kvinnor. Sjukdomen syns inte utanpå och det finns därför en risk att drabbade blir missförstådda av människor i sin omgivning och av sjukvårdspersonal. Syfte: Att med den här litteraturstudien beskriva hur kvinnor med fibromyalgi upplever sin livssituation. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på elva kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Analysen av artiklarna resulterade i en huvudkategori; smärta och trötthet, och fyra underkategorier; förändrad identitet, förändringar i det sociala livet och arbetslivet, förändringar i familjelivet och upplevelser av mötet med vården. Smärta och trötthet var de symtom som påverkade kvinnorna i störst utsträckning och som gav upphov till att det blev förändringar i deras dagliga liv. Kvinnorna upplevde mötet med vården negativt. De uttryckte det viktigt att få en diagnos eftersom den gjorde att de kände att de blev trodda och att sjukdomen verkligen existerade. Slutsats: Kvinnor med fibromyalgi upplever sin livssituation som fylld av påfrestningar och att de ständigt blir missuppfattade. Sjukvårdens bemötande av dessa kvinnor tycks inte ha förbättrats under de senaste tio åren, vilket indikerar på att det behövs mer kunskap och utbildning om fibromyalgi.</p><p>Background: Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition that affects two to three percent of the population, of whom the majority are women. Fibromyalgia is not visible on the outside and therefore lays a risk that the health care and people in general misunderstand women affected by it. Aim: the aim of this literature review was to describe how women with fibromyalgia experience their life situation. Method: The method used was a literature review based on eleven scientific articles. Result: The analysis of the articles resulted in one major category; pain and fatigue and four sub-categories; changed identity, changes in social life and working life, changes within the family and experiences of the health care. Pain and fatigue were the most prominent symptoms in the women’s life and made changes in their daily life. The women experienced negative attitudes from health care professionals and therefore getting a diagnosis was of great importance to them. The diagnosis made them feel that they were believed and that the illness really existed. Conclusion: Women affected by fibromyalgia experienced their life situation as a life filled with strains and misconceptions. In the last ten years there has been little improvement on the way the health care treat these women. This indicates that there is a need for increased knowledge and education about fibromyalgia among health care professionals. </p>

<p>Objective: The out-of-hospital cardiac-arrest incidence in Sweden averages about 10 000 a year. Whether the victim will survive or not is dependent upon rapid actions according to the chain of survival – early alarm, early CPR, early defibrillation and early medical treatment. While waiting for the ambulance the victim is completely dependent on immediate help from any bystander, because early CPR improves survival rates by two-three folds. Unfortunately not all bystanders start CPR because of different reasons. Aim: To describe factors influencing bystander and presumed bystanders to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a victim suffering from cardiac arrest out-of-hospital. Method: Literature review based on 14 scientific articles, which were reviewed and analysed. Results: Bystanders can be categorised in bystanders and presumed bystanders. The factors can be summarised in five categories, physical factors of the victim, the bystanders’ physical and psychological factors, risk of infection, legal and social factors and the bystanders’ CPR-knowledge. Conclusion: Knowledge seems to be a determining factor influencing bystanders and presumed bystanders to start CPR out-of-hospital. Through CPR-courses the nurse/CPR-instructor mentally can prepare bystanders to start CPR.</p>

<p>Background: Effective treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes needs a good communication between nurse and patient. This creats a good relation and leads to a more effective patient education. Aim: The aim with the literature study was to describe how nurses trough patient education can achieve self-care for patients with diabetes type 2. Methods: Literature studies with both qualitative and quantitative articles were examined. Findings: The articles that were chosen for the results were sorted in the two categories relation and communication. Conclusion: A good communication can win the patient’s trust. This can creat trust which is successful by patient education.</p>

<p>Bakgrund: Alzheimers sjukdom är den vanligaste demenssjukdomen och i Sverige finns ungefär 75000 drabbade. Den drabbade kan få symtom både intellektuellt, beteendemässigt, motoriskt och funktionellt. Flertalet Alzheimers drabbade bor hemma och vårdas av sina närstående. Att vara närstående och vårdgivare innebär en förändrad livsstil. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva närståendes upplevelser av att vårda en person med Alzheimers sjukdom. Metod: Litteraturstudien är baserad på 14 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar som beskriver de närståendes upplevelser. Studierna är gjorda i USA, Canada och ett flertal länder i Europa. Resultat: Närstående upplever det svårt och slitsamt att vårda både psykiskt, fysiskt, socialt och känslomässigt och den största drivkraften är pliktkänslan. De saknar stöd från sjukvården och känner sig bortglömda. Slutsats: Sjukvården behöver mer och bättre kunskap om närståendes situation. På så sätt kan de förstå dem bättre och ge dem mer uppmärksamhet. Allmänheten behöver också informeras för att kunna stödja och få en ökad förståelse.</p>

<p>Nursing care of persons having dementia diseases affecting the frontal lobes, sets special demands on the staff, but the knowledge about how to best tailor nursing care is sparse. The aim of the study was to illuminate possibilities and difficulties in nursing care of persons having dementia diseases with frontal lobe dysfunction and was carried out as a descriptive, qualitative study, based on a review of medical records and interviews with nursing staff (n=10) that was analysed with qualitative content analysis. The difficulties were related to the patients lack of inhibition and judgement, anxiety, agitation, reduced ability to care for physical needs, egocentrism, imbalance between rest and activity, and depressed mood. The possibilities were seen in relation to the nursing staffs professional encounter, characterised by being distinct and consequent, being a step ahead, being flexible and catch the moment, being calm and create a positive atmosphere, being close and trusting and being and doing together. To receive continuous feedback and support was a prerequisite for the staffs’ engagement. The result showed that the nurse patient encounter is of importance to gain a high quality nursing care where each patient, despite illness, is seen as a unique and valuable person.</p>

<p>BACKGROUND: Pressure ulcers are unpleasant and painful and causes anxiety not only patient but also for the relatives. It also results in longer hospital stay and increased costs for health care sector and because of this it’s important to identify and survery the origin and what preventive measures there are to prevent pressure ulcer. AIM: To illustrate the nurses´ work to prevent the origin of pressure ulcers. METHOD: A general literary study where scientific articles were searched and found in electronic databases and through manual searches. RESULT: Ten scientific articles were analyzed and main categories were identified; nurses´ documentation, risk assessment of the patient, nutrition, use of repositioning, use of aid and skin care. CONCLUSION: Nurses knowledge about pressure ulcers is satisfactory but the knowledge is not always put in to practice, maybe it’s due to lack of staff and lack of time. The preventive interventions to prevent pressure ulcers must have a higher priority in the nurses´ practical work.</p>

<p>Att leva med en synlig sjukdom som psoriasis påverkar det dagliga livet på flera olika sätt. Psoriasis är en kronisk och ärftlig sjukdom som medför förtjockad, röd och fjällande hud. Eftersom huden är kroppens största organ blir sjukdomen mycket synlig för utomstående. Det dagliga livet kan påverkas av långa och tidskrävande behandlingar, men även påverkas ekonomiskt i form dyra behandlingar. Även det sociala livet påverkas då den drabbade lätt känner skam för sitt utseende. Känslan av att vara märkt finns med genom hela livet hos många med psoriasis. Eventuella blickar och kommentarer från omgivningen bidrar till att personen med psoriasis lätt drar sig undan och blir isolerad. Isolering kan i sin tur leda till depression och en upplevelse av försämrad livskvalité.</p>

<p>The state of health in Sweden demonstrates a high average length of life at the same time as diseases, due to luxurious living, grew into more and more widespread public health problems. Finding out that information is not enough to get man to live healthy has been conducive to a pedagogic based health education. An illustration of such an education is Public health pedagogy at the University of Kristianstad. The question is, does this education correspond to the new claims that society lays to health work? Our purpose was to throw light upon how individuals, qualified as public health pedagogues, look upon their work on one hand and how different clusters of thought from their study programme are conceived as activated in their professional exercise on the other. Our method was qualitative and we employed semistructured interviews with eleven ex-healthstudents. Our results demonstrate the idea of the health pedagogue as an all-embracing co-ordinator with a vision of saving the world. Our study also disclose that concepts from the study programme, such as salutogenic, holistic, participation, health promoting and pedagogic competence, were employed in the speech of the pedagogues. A question of great interest to us is whether this state of affairs indicates more than just knowledge acquired at school. We consider it very important that the educational programme appears to be relevant to the intended labour-market and we wish our results to be used in developing the study programme as well as health promoting areas.</p>

<p>Background: An effective management of the healthcare's organization on one disaster site is considered as a condition in order to decrease damages and suffering at them as been hit of an accident. In KAMEDO-reports is described true accidents, how among other thing organizational parts been implemented and evaluations of which importance different decisions had. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine KAMEDO-reports concerning prehospital medical management on disaster sites. Method: Eight KAMEDO-reports was examined with focus on organization and management. Results: Four areas in which all could be influenced by the healthcare personnel in leading position was described: Management and Co-operation, Load and Go - Stay and Play, Priority and Triage. In most cases, the personnel that arrived in the first ambulance took the initial management responsibility. In seven of eight reports the principle of Load and Go was used which mainly depended on good transport possibilities and short distances to hospitals. A tendency could be discerned that the use of priority markings and damage cards was poorly used. About triage to the hospitals became correct in order to avoid overload depended in big part on how well the management functioned on the disaster site. Conclusion: It is important that personnel that is surely familiar with working on a disaster site also remains in conductive position in case of a big accident.</p>