<p>För att uppnå jämlik hälsa för alla är arbetsplatsen en bra arena eftersom arenan når en stor del av befolkningen. Swedbank bedriver hälsofrämjande arbete genom Bankhälsan Friskvård, som i sin tur använder hälsoombud på bankkontoren. Vårt syfte med studien var att studera Swedbanks hälsofrämjande arbete genom hälsoombudens perspektiv. Empowerment, Banduras begrepp självförmåga, Karasek och Theorells modell om krav, kontroll och stöd samt Siegrists insats- och belöningsmodell förhåller sig alla till arbetsplatsen och har använts för att sätta in studiens resultat i ett större sammanhang. De teorietiska utgångspunkterna var behaviorism, sociokulturellt lärande och det salutogena perspektivet. Metoden som använts var intervju som analyserats kvalitativt. Resultaten visade att hälsoombuden upplevde stöd genom uppskattning, tid samt utbildning och inspiration. Swedbanks ledning och chefer hade under senare år visat allt mer intresse för hälsoombudens arbete men hälsoombuden upplevde ändå att uppskattningen inte var tillräcklig. Hälsoombuden uppgav att de inte hade någon avsatt tid för hälsofrämjande arbete vilket de upplevde frustrerande. Utbildning och inspiration kom från Bankhälsan Friskvård samt andra hälsoombud och var uppskattad. Våra slutsatser är att om det hälsofrämjande arbetet på Swedbank ska fortsätta ge goda resultat behöver hälsoombuden få bättre stöd i sin arbetsinsats. Exempelvis ger organisationen dubbla budskap till hälsoombuden vilket vi anser måste åtgärdas. Bättre utbildning skulle också ge hälsoombuden större förståelse för motgångar i det hälsofrämjande arbetet.</p>

<p>En enkätundersökning sändes ut till tandhygienister (n=79), som arbetade på samtliga Specialistkliniker för Parodontologi i Sverige under maj månad 2005. Syftet var att undersöka vilka faktorer som ansågs vara av betydelse för att uppnå goda och bestående resultat av munhygieninstruktioner hos patienter som behandlas för parodontit, samt vilka faktorer man ansåg försämrade möjligheten att uppnå framgångsrika resultat. Följande faktorer undersöktes; patientfaktorer, instruktionsmetoder, hjälpmedel vid munhygien och vårdmiljö. Resultatet visade att stressituationer hos patienten och återbud till bokade behandlingar var betydande faktorer som försvårade goda och framgångsrika resultat för att uppnå god munhygien. Extremt viktig faktor ansågs tandhälsoinformation vara, speciellt personlig sådan, där tandhygienistens engagemang och även vårdmiljön spelade stor roll. Uppföljning av utförd behandling under lång tid ansågs påverka resultaten positivt. Individanpassning av munhygien till parodontitpatienter i form av information, instruktion, god kommunikation, entusiasm och engagemang från vårdteamet, har stor betydelse för att uppnå goda och bestående munhygienresultat hos patienter som behandlas för parodontit.</p>

<p>Over the past three decades, there has been a growing belief in all sectors of employment and in government that the experience of stress at work has undesirable consequences for the health and safety of individuals and for the health of their organizations. Identification of factors responsible for stress and its management at its primary level has long term benefits both for employee and employer. The hotel is generally seen as a sector whose working environment involves many stresses and strains. It is very important to measure the stress level among employees and to identify the factors that create stress in order to lessen its impact on employee’s health and work. The aim of this study was to investigate possible relationships between various levels of occupational stress and socio-demographic characteristics of hotel employees and to apply Karasek's Demand /Control/Support Model to an analysis of the relationships between job type and perceived stress and stress behaviours among hotel workers.The objective was that the results should be able to be used in working out a health promoting organization. The data collection has been made by a questionnaire study answered by hotel employees of selected hotels in Malmø.</p><p>The results showed 39% of employees in a hotel industry feel that they are always or often stressed. Bad health was found among employees in high strain jobs (64%). Employees in iso- strain jobs were more stressed (61%) and had bad health (35%) in comparison to other job types. High job demands and low social support were associated with stress. High demands and low control were associated with presence of negative health. </p><p>Active jobs (OR=6, 79), bad health (OR=5, 14), unsatisfaction with work (OR=4, 61), lack of work experience (OR=3, 6), lack of support (OR=3, 02), p=0,028), low general demands (OR=4, 2) showed to be important predictors of work characteristics in stress perception. </p>

<p>Physical activity is required for a good health and science shows a clear connection between exercise and a lower risk for disease. Still, the physical activity among the population is far from good. It is the individuals own responsibility to exercise, but the society also has a responsibility to give opportunities to exercise for the population. The aim with the study was to investigate what motivated the group of physical active people to use the Central hospital in Kristianstad’s health program. A qualitative interview study was made in the hospital’s emergency ward. The result of the study showed that individuals want to see some kind of results from their practice of physical activity, for example weight reduction and improved condition. What motivates people to exercise is individual, but social support is very important. There was opportunities for physical activity but because the lack of information it did not reach out to the staff. This means that the health program did not reach them who, maybe, needed it the most. </p>

<p>Bakgrund: Kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) är en folksjukdom som karaktäriseras av nedsatt lungfunktion. Det finns olika orsaker till sjukdomen, varav rökning är den dominerande. KOL påverkar inte bara patienters fysiska hälsa, utan även deras psykiska och sociala välbefinnande. Kunskapen kring patienters erfarenheter av KOL är otillräcklig, för att sjukvårdspersonal skall kunna bemöta patienter på ett professionellt sätt krävs en ökad kunskap. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av att leva med kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom. Metod: Litteraturstudien grundades på 16 kritiskt granskade vetenskapliga artiklar, där både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar inkluderades. Resultat: I resultatet framkom hur KOL påverkade patienter, både fysiskt, psykologiskt och socialt samt hur patienter anpassade sig i det dagliga livet. Diskussion: Det framkom både likheter och skillnader i artiklarna. Sjuksköterskor måste ha ett professionellt förhållningssätt samt hålla sig ajour med ny forskning kring sjukdomen.</p>

<p>Since the care for the elderly is a low priority there are shortcomings. One of these shortcomings are that the elderly living in nursing homes do not feel that they have a meaningful existence. The aim of this study was to identify which factors could give the elderly residing in nursing homes a meaningful existence. The study was conducted through a review of existing literature with a systematic literature study. Scientific articles were found, read, analyzed and condensed. The connotation of the term "meaningful existence" is individual and differs from person to person. This study has identified six categories that could lead to a meaningful existence for the elderly living in nursing homes. These were: to feel secure, maintaining integrity, maintaining relations, to feel inner harmony, to feel comfort and to be active. Four important findings derived from the categories and were discussed further. These were integrity, a meaningful activity, animals in the health facility environment and security. In conclusion it was found that a meaningful existence, what ever it may be to the single individual, is important to the quality of life for the elderly persons residing in nursing homes.</p>

<p>Background: Pressure ulcers are a common problem and cause great suffering for those who develop it, and are also an expensive cost to the society. Aim: To describe nursing measures for prevention of pressure ulcers among elderly people in ordinary and nursing homes. Method: A literature review by structured analyze of scientific articles. Result: The analyze resulted in six subjects for prevention of pressure ulcers. These subjects were; risk assesment, nutrition, repositioning, skin/hygiene, nurse knowledge and documentation. Conclusion: Repositioning more often did not prevent pressure ulcers better than repositioning less frequent, nursing staff should offer patient´s pads with high absorption for peaceful rest and documentation should be improved.</p>

<p>The purpose of this study was to illustrate the effects of music in pre-, peri-, and postoperative care. This study is a systematic literature study based on 22 scientific articles with quantitative methods. Music is an alternative treatment used in nursing care. Nurses could as a complement to routine pre-, peri-, and postoperative nursing have music interventions in mind, because an operation involves anxiety, fear and pain for many patients. The result of the study shows that music can reduce patients’ anxiety, pain and improving their wellbeing and recovery. Music is also used as a tool for distraction. Some negative effects of the music could be seen as well. Something that nurses should have in mind is that music should be voluntary and that patients should have as big influence as possible regarding the music intervention. In order to improve positive effects the patients´ should choose their own type of music.</p>

<p>Background: Pressure ulcer is a complication that arises often due to a lowered general condition. Pressure ulcer arise because of long term compressive load application. That’s why it’s of utmost importance as a nurse to work in preventive ways, as the pressure ulcer lead to physical, psychological and social consequences for the patient. Purpose: The purpose was to describe the patients experiences of living with pressure ulcer. Method: The mode of procedure has been a general literature study with a systematic search in different databases. The search gave results in the form of seven scientific articles, which were analysed. Result: When analysing the articles results, four categories stood out: living with pain, living with impairments, living with anxiety and living with preconceptions. The results showed that the pressure ulcer caused a large amount of pain for the patients. What also emerged was that the health care personnel did not always pay attention to their pain and give pain relief. The pressure ulcer caused much anxiety and also led to great impairments in daily life, which could bring social isolation. Conclusion: The pressure ulcer caused a large amount of pain and suffering for the patients. In order for patients with pressure ulcer to receive adequate care the nurses need to improve how they pay attention to and relieve the patients pain, and also increase their knowledge and understanding of how the pressure ulcer affect the patients daily lives.</p>

<p>Background: The numbers of crime towards women are increasing in our society. It is the medical caregiver’s responsibility to take care of these women when they are seeking help post assault. The caregiver’s task is to provide good care and performe a forensic evidence examination. Studies shows that many help-seeking women experienced the care they received as hurtful, and thus many female survivors of sexual assault did not seek help at all. The reason for this may be the emotional experience the victim receives from the healthcare. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine female emotional experience of the meeting with a caregiver after sexual assault. Method: The study is based on a systematic literature review. Findings: Many help-seeking female survivors of sexual abuse experienced the meeting with healthcare as hurtful. Many victims perceived that the medical personnel and people around them increased their feeling of guilt they carried post-assault. That decreased their likeliness to disclosure and help-seeking. Conclusion: Help-seeking women post-assault often experienced guilt in relation to what happened to them. The questions medical personnel asked the victims, the way they asked and the reaction of people surrounding them, may increase their feelings of guilt. With increased knowledge, healthcare-personnel can help these women to get the right support and help and this may increase their quality of life.</p>