This paper aims to analyse syllabi written for teachers of English in Sweden from 1962 up until 2000. The syllabi are placed into a matrix to provide a lucid view of the development. The syllabi used in this study are the documents published in 1962, 1980 and 2000. The paper moves on to historically acknowledge methods and approaches in language teching serves as the basis of the division made in the matrix, as well as White's (1988) classification of two types of syllabi. The study shows that the syllabi have become more and more communicative and drawn from the structural type. The teachers are still the ones in charge, but the syllabus today is more open for interpretation that the previous documents.

This thesis examines the difference between the extracted cyclical components of some macroeconomic time series using four popular detrending methods HP, BK, CF and FOD. We use different approaches to compare their differences. A standard examination of the cyclical component is applied. We also take a frequency domain approach and examine the sample spectra for each cycle. Moreover, impulse responses and the correlation between the cyclical components extracted by each detrending method are studied. We conclude that for quarterly data HP, BK and CF produce similar cycles. However, when considering annual data the HP diverges from the other filters. The FOD extracts cycles that are not similar to those of the other three examined filters.

This essay concerns methods of teaching, with the focus being mainly on methods of grammar, interaction, oral methods and the real context. The purpose of the study is to examine different methods used in the education of Spanish as a foreign language, as well as to show the effect of those methods. The investigation is based on the following questions: Which methods are used by teachers of Spanish as a foreign language? Which of these methods would be the most effective ones when it comes to learning? The methods of investigation used in the study are: search in related literature and interviews. The interviews are made with three teachers of Spanish as a foreign language in Sweden, and the analysis includes a comparison between the responses and the theories found in the literature. The result of the investigation shows that the effect of several of the methods depends on the students involved, their motivation and personalities. Another conclusion made is the fact that dialogues are regarded as effective and of good use in the teaching of a foreign language. Working in groups is moreover considered an excellent method according to the result of this study.

Three studies were conducted to investigate the use of molecular techniques to identify Salmonella serotypes in poultry. In the first experiment, two polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques: denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) were used to analyze Salmonella serotype isolates from two turkey processing plants (A and B). Genotypic patterns of each isolate were compared with those of known serotypes identified by traditional antibody precipitation methods. In Plant A, four different Salmonella serotypes were identified: Derby, Hadar, Montevideo, and Senftenberg. In plant B, ten serotypes were identified: Agona, Anatum, Brandenburg, Derby, Hadar, Meleagridis, Montevideo, Reading, Senftenberg, and Typhimurium. S. Derby was predominant in Plant A (83%) while S. Typhimurium was the most common serotype recovered in Plant B (39%). Overall, DGGE was more sensitive than PAGE. Isolates of the same serotypes were all grouped together by DGGE, while PAGE failed to group all like serotypes. Next, DGGE and REP-PCR were used as genotyping tools for identifying Salmonella. Fifty-four Salmonella isolates from two turkey processing plants (A and B) were evaluated. The isolates were comprised of the following serotypes: Brandenburg, Derby, Hadar, and Typhimurium (n = 6, 21, 12, and 15, respectively). Both methods were very sensitive and detected diverse fingerprint profiles among the isolates. The data suggested that REP-PCR and DGGE are useful tools for identifying Salmonella serotypes in research trials of this type. The final trial was carried out to track Salmonella serotypes throughout an integrated poultry operation using DGGE. Four flocks were sampled from grow-out through processing. The data showed that there was correlation between Salmonella serotypes found on processed carcasses and during grow-out. In addition, the isolates were compared against 15 known serotypes in our data base and only S. Hadar from the data base matched the unknown Salmonella isolates. Overall, these studies demonstrate that PCR-based methods could be considered as an alternative to conventional methods of antibody-based serotyping. Molecular methods were found to be reliable, sensitive, inexpensive, reproducible, and less labor intensive than conventional methods.

Abstract: Hemodialysis is the commonest treatment for end-stage renal disease. We evaluated the factors associated with the stressors and coping methods for end-stage renal disease and hemodialysis by questionnaires. Two thousand, seven hundred and seventy-two patients with long-term hemodialysis from 13 cities in Taiwan were enrolled. The average stress score was 0.9 (ranged from 0-3 score on questionnaires). The most important stressors included fluid restriction, sleep disorder, operation for arteriovenous shunt, fatigue and fluid restriction, while the least important factors were sexual dysfunction and role conflict. Fatalism was the most popular copying method that these patients used. Others were as follows from the most common coping strategies: fatalism, wishful thinking, seeking support, problem solution, and positive reappraisal. Besides, age, dialysis duration, education, marital status, occupation, religion, transportation service and comorbidities were correlated significantly with stressors and coping methods. The patient characteristics were good predictors for stressors and coping methods. The results would be useful for dialysis staff to manage patients¡¦ stressors as well as to improve the staff-patient relationship.

Lysine is one of the more limiting amino acids in protein sources for chickens. Since lysine is also an essential amino acid for animals, it is an important component of animal dietary formulation. Therefore, an accurate pre-determination of bioavailable lysine in feedstuffs is important. An optical density (OD) based microbiological assay for lysine determination using E. coli lysine auxotroph has been previously developed. However, because the assay is based on bacterial growth response to extracellular lysine measured as OD, it can be relatively time consuming (10-12h). Therefore, more rapid assays are needed if pre-formulation estimates are required. In this dissertation whole cell fluorescent biosensors for the quantification of bioavailable and total lysine in feed protein sources were developed. The biosensor for quantification of bioavailable lysine was based on the growth response of E. coli to an external source of lysine and lysinecontaining small peptides. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was inserted in the genome of E. coli lysine auxotroph as a part of a mini-Tn5- transposon by conjugation. Bacterial growth response to external lysine and small peptides was monitored and recorded by measuring the fluorescence emitted by GFP. The second type biosensor developed was designed for the quantification of total lysine. It was based on the measurement of a promoter activity, which was induced and modulated by extracellular concentration of lysine. Cad promoter was amplified from E. coli K-12 genome and was cloned into promoterless gfp plasmid. The construct was electroporated into electrocompetent E. coli cells. The promoter activity was induced under the conditions of low pH and graded concentrations of lysine. Lysine-dose response was measured by the fluorescence of GFP. Both methods were characterized as having a high potential for practical application.

Through varying personnel selection methods, corporations have obtained suitable employees. In the public, corporations use numerological ways to select employees can not to announce. This paper is to collect opinions of numerologists and corporations who have had the experience of use numerological ways to select employees, and to understand that selection by using numerological ways whether effects or not. The examination is done by analyzing tests materials collected from numerologists and corporations who have had the experience of use numerological ways to select employees. This research finds potential interviewers by leave messages at numerological websites. During interview, there is no job seeker has experience of numerological ways selection be find. Opinions of numerologists and corporations who have had the experience of use numerological ways to select employees are classified into two categories. Numerologists and corporations who have had the experience of use numerological ways to select employees think select employees by numerological way can be used. They think can screening job seeker¡¦s resume by Zewei numerology, Horoscope and blood type, and using Face reading in interview.

Thesis (M.S.) in Teaching--University of Maine, 2009. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-80).

Thesis--University of Florida. / Description based on print version record. Typescript. Vita. Bibliography: leaves 144-145.

Thesis (M.S. in Education)--Shenandoah University, 2003. / Abstract missing (p. vii) in thesis. Includes bibliographical references.