Rwanda is one of the world's developing countries located in southern sub-Saharan region in Africa; and one of its most pressing environmental concerns is its need for stable and community-managed electrical power. Micro-Hydro Power (MHP) projects have proved to be an economical and efficient alternative in the effort to power remote villages deep in the rural area.This study investigates the efficacy of community- based MHP projects in one of these villages, in Rongi sector as well as the role of public participation in these projects. The main aim of this thesis was to develop a case study for the development of BUKABA MHP as the model at the specified zone where there is a lot of small rivers and this research shall provide a real life study at the inhabiting and the enabling factors for the development of micro scale hydro in rural areas of Rwanda. This studyb employs a case study methodology, for the design, costing and determine financial viability and feasibility of the BUKABA MHP as one piloted with data collection taken on site surveys, and document reviews using RETScreen. This study use RETScreen, as the result, the maximum power output calculated was 97kW which will be used by primary and secondary schools, local administrative buildings, commercial centers, and about 100 households at the estimated total initial cost of $CAD 619,000 as it was shown by RETScreen hydro formula costing method sheet.  We recommend the Gouvernment of Rwanda to use this project as model to be implemented, even to use it in any other area where there is availability of water. But, before implementation, the bill of quantities will be prepared to enable the Gouvernment obtain the details about the final and initial cost of the concerned project.

<p>Det finns flera olika standarder inom digital-TV för att skapa interaktiva applikationer. Det här arbetet använder den öppna standarden MHP, Multimedia Home Platform, som utgångspunkt för att skapa programkod i programmeringsspråket Java. Arbetet handlar om att skapa ett program för MHPkompatibel utrustning som bekräftar en användares identitet via Smart cards, och levererar interaktiv, personlig information. Denna information levereras via tjänster som beskrivs i XML, och kommunicerar via HTTP med en server som skickar innehåll utifrån de preferenser som finns för denna användare.</p>

Det finns flera olika standarder inom digital-TV för att skapa interaktiva applikationer. Det här arbetet använder den öppna standarden MHP, Multimedia Home Platform, som utgångspunkt för att skapa programkod i programmeringsspråket Java. Arbetet handlar om att skapa ett program för MHPkompatibel utrustning som bekräftar en användares identitet via Smart cards, och levererar interaktiv, personlig information. Denna information levereras via tjänster som beskrivs i XML, och kommunicerar via HTTP med en server som skickar innehåll utifrån de preferenser som finns för denna användare.

In this dissertation we deal with methods of minimizing block artefacts in digital terrestrial TV broadcasting. These artefacts are caused by compressions based on the cosine transformation (JPEG, MPEG2 I-Frames). The aim of this work is therefore to create a DVB-J application the main function of which would be to minimize block artefacts in natural images transmitted by DVB-T. That is why we first inquire into the technology of DVB digital transmission and MHP platform which provides the function and the running of interactive applications. Next, we define differences between Java and JavaTV languages and describe the way they develop, simulate and start DVB-J applications. In the following part of this work, we analyze methods that can be used to detect and minimize block artefacts. Further on, we describe the design of an adaptive filter which minimizes block artefacts (hereinafter just ´MHP-MBA´). The major result of the entire work is an MHP-Deblocking application that in itself implements a newly created MHP-MBA deblocking filter as well as a filter from video kodek H.263. In the final part we concern ourselves with testing this application on a genuine set-top-box in DVB-T broadcasting.

由於數位電視產業的發展，將來每個家庭都會利用電視使用數據化的資訊服務，並且使得資訊管理的議題從企業轉向家庭。目前現行的國際標準有歐規的DVB-MHP以及美規的OCAP，均係試圖整合目前所有平台的標準，並且讓整體產業的各環節有最佳的技術解決方案。本研究採取訊息方式(Message-oriented Middleware, MOM)和WebSevices來設計社區機頂盒(set-top box, STB)的管理平台，並且藉由本研究所定義的商業模式(Business Model)，來導入相關的理論設計，建置以服務為導向的STB管理平台，讓STB得以加強其內容服務與分享網際網路的資源。

<p>Vid sändning av digital television är det möjligt att utöver ljud och bild även sända och erbjuda olika typer av tjänster och applikationer till mottagare. Vid utveckling av applikationer för digital television kan man välja att utveckla i antingen DVB-J (som är en bantad variant av Java för exekvering i Set-Top-Boxar) eller i DVB-HTML (som till stor del överensstämmer med XHTML). Syftet med detta arbete är att utreda hur DVB-J och DVB-HTML kan kombineras i en och samma applikation och hur interoperabilitet kan uppnås mellan DVB-J och DVB-HTML.</p>

This Master Thesis is engaged in designing an interactive application for online betting in the DVB-T environment. The application is determined to running at Multimedia Home Plattform MHP and it allowes digital television viewers to make a bet on a sport match broadcasted on the television. The whole application is written in the Java language. All the information about users and the match are stored in a MySQL database, which is accessible through a php script placed on the server with the database. The applicaton is running in a set-top box and communicates with the script through the set-top box return channel. The channel between the server and the script is unsecure, so the communication has to be encrypted. The encryption process uses a symmetric-key cipher AES, which uses a shared secret key for encryption and decryption. Each application generates its own pseuodorandom and crypthographicaly strong AES key and sends it to the server. To secure the secret key transsmision is used the public-key cipher RSA.

This Master Thesis is engaged in Interactive TV standard. In the first chapter a general digital TV question and it's benefits are adumbrated. Next chapter deals with Interactivity for digital TV itself. More on possibilities of data security and protection during the transmission throught the reversal channel are discussed. The main part of the Thesis deals with developing an application enabling to obtain a statistical data from televiewers throught a set-top box connected to the Internet. The application is conceived as an universal enquiry, that obtains it's data via a reversal channel and is able to present the gained data in an attractive way. Java and PHP programming languages were applied to create the application and MySQL database with easy edit system is used to store the needed data. Specially designed security libraries based on XTEA cipher are used to enable protected communication.

The objective of this thesis study is to recover nickel and cobalt at maximum efficiency from column leach liquor of lateritic nickel ores existing in G&ouml / rdes region of Manisa by performing various hydrometallurgical methods under the optimum conditions. This column leach solution of nontronite type lateritic nickel ore was initially neutralized and purified from its basic impurities by a two stage iron removal process under the optimum conditions determined experimentally. Then, nickel and cobalt were precipitated in the form of mixed hydroxide precipitate from the purified leach solution by a two stage precipitation method called &ldquo / MHP&rdquo / and a manganese removal process was carried out also under the optimum conditions determined. By decreasing Mn concentration with this process to an acceptable level yielding at most 10% Mn in hydroxide precipitate, it was possible to produce a qualified MHP product suitable to the current marketing and standard conditions. As a result of this thesis study, the experiments conducted showed that by recycle leaching with sulfuric acid about 81% of Ni and 63% of Co in the lateritic nickel ore (9.72 kg Ni / ton of ore and 0.28 kg Co / ton of ore) could be extracted as mixed hydroxide precipitate by MHP method. The MHP product contains 41.9% Ni, 1.0% Co, 2.3% Mn, 0.06% Al, 1.5% Mg, 0.02% Fe, 0.01% Cr, 0.25% Zn, 0.03% Cu and 4.73% S.

Vid sändning av digital television är det möjligt att utöver ljud och bild även sända och erbjuda olika typer av tjänster och applikationer till mottagare. Vid utveckling av applikationer för digital television kan man välja att utveckla i antingen DVB-J (som är en bantad variant av Java för exekvering i Set-Top-Boxar) eller i DVB-HTML (som till stor del överensstämmer med XHTML). Syftet med detta arbete är att utreda hur DVB-J och DVB-HTML kan kombineras i en och samma applikation och hur interoperabilitet kan uppnås mellan DVB-J och DVB-HTML.