The purpose of the study is to measure satisfactions for United States retired military officers and to determine if there is a relationship between retrospective military career satisfactions and current second career or retired satisfactions. Hypothesis I states that there is a positive relationship between a retrospective measure of an officer's military career satisfactions and his current second career satisfactions. Hypothesis II states that there is a positive relationship between a retrospective measure of an officer's military career satisfactions and his retirement satisfactions. The first conclusion is that Hypotheses I and II are supported. Pearson coefficients of correlation indicate that a positive relationship exists for each hypothesis. For Hypothesis I coefficients range from .040 for pay to .270 for co-workers. All are significant at the .01 level except pay, and there is no evidence that the pay coefficient is statistically significant. The coefficients of correlations supporting Hypothesis II range from .164 for work to .415 for finances. All coefficients are significant at the .01 level. All distributions are skewed. The skewness and possible homogeniety of the sample may in all probability account for the low values of the coefficients. The second conclusion is that military officers receive greater satisfactions from their military careers than workers in civilian industry. When retrospective military career JDI means are compared with industry JDI means, the former score higher for work, promotion, and co-workers at the .01 level and supervision at the .05 level. There is no evidence of a significant difference between the two pay means. Moreover, when retrospective military JDI means are compared with current second career JDI means, the former score higher for total score, work, promotion, and co-workers at the .01 level and supervision at the .10 level. The latter score higher for pay at the .10 level. The third conclusion is that fully retired military officers receive greater satisfactions from their retired situations than retired industrial workers. The former score higher on every scale at the .01 level except for people where the level is .05. The two samples may not be comparable, but they are the only samples available. The fourth conclusion is that fully retired military officers and retired military officers currently working in a second career are about equally satisfied with their retired situations. A comparison of RDI means for each group results in no evidence of significant differences for total score and finances. Fully retired officers score 2.60 higher for work and activities and 2.45 higher for people while retired officers working in current second careers score 2.45 higher for health, all at the .01 level.

[pt] O presente estudo teve como objetivo central desenvolver uma investigação sobre a vida profissional da mulher do militar e apoiou-se na literatura que aponta que a carreira no Exército apresenta demandas que se estendem a toda a família. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada com oito esposas de oficiais do Exército brasileiro, com idades entre vinte e cinco e quarenta e três anos, com formação e experiência profissional. A partir da análise do conteúdo das entrevistas, concluímos que essas demandas, especialmente os frequentes deslocamentos geográficos, têm aumentado as dificuldades das mulheres em conciliar a vida profissional e familiar/conjugal. As transferências foram associadas a perdas, estagnação e retrocesso nas carreiras. A imprevisibilidade marca a vida das entrevistadas, gerando insegurança quanto aos projetos, além de sentimentos de incerteza, falta de controle e limitação no tocante ao próprio destino. A distância dos familiares e, em muitos momentos, dos cônjuges tem influenciado a relação dessas mulheres com suas carreiras, passando elas a priorizar empregos com maior flexibilidade de horário ou abrindo mão de trabalhar, ao menos temporariamente. Mesmo com o incentivo dos maridos e com todos os benefícios que foram atribuídos ao trabalho feminino, os interesses da carreira do militar estão sempre em primeiro plano, orientando as decisões mais significativas dos casais. O modelo de família idealizado pelo Exército, a adesão das esposas aos valores da instituição e à carreira do militar contribuem para que as mulheres secundem os maridos, adaptem suas carreiras às deles e, muitas vezes, abdiquem de seus próprios projetos profissionais. Constatou-se que há ambivalência de sentimentos relacionados a ser mulher de militar. As mulheres reconhecem que possuem papel relevante na carreira dos maridos, mas revelam sentimentos de pesar pelos projetos profissionais colocados em segundo plano ou abandonados. / [en] This study s objective is to develop a research on the professional lives of military wives. It was based on the literature that indicates that a career in the Army presents demands that involve the whole family. The field research was conducted with the participation of eight officer s wives of the Brazilian Army, ages between twenty-five and forty-three, all of them having a major degree and professional experience. Using the content analysis, we conclude that these demands, especially the frequent geographic moving, have increased women s difficulties in reconciling work, family, and marital life. The constant changes of address were associated with loss, stagnation and retrogression in careers. Unpredictability makes an impression in the interviewees lives, leaving them insecure about their projects, in addition to feelings of uncertainty, lack of control and limitation on their own destiny. The distance from relatives, and in many cases also from the spouses, has influenced the relationship of these women with their careers, making them prioritize jobs with more flexible hours or giving up working at all, at least temporarily. Even with the encouragement of their husbands and all the benefits that have been attributed to women s work, the interests of the military career of their husband are always in the foreground, guiding the most significant couple decisions. The family model devised by the Army, the requirement of wives adherence to the values of the institution and to their husbands military career, they all contribute to women s submission, so wives adapt their professional lives and often abdicate of their own work projects. We can conclude that there is an ambivalence of feelings related to being a military wife. Women recognize that they have an important role in their husbands careers, but they also show feelings of regret about their own professional projects, placed in the background or abandoned.

Submitted by Paula Diandra Tagata (platagata@hotmail.com) on 2018-07-19T18:06:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaTagata_VersaoFinal_MAPInt2016.pdf: 3953799 bytes, checksum: 6f8a6ec9359b97aa3c04d9e18920d7de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2018-07-23T15:27:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaTagata_VersaoFinal_MAPInt2016.pdf: 3953799 bytes, checksum: 6f8a6ec9359b97aa3c04d9e18920d7de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T19:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulaTagata_VersaoFinal_MAPInt2016.pdf: 3953799 bytes, checksum: 6f8a6ec9359b97aa3c04d9e18920d7de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-25 / Objetivo – O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi compreender as razões que influenciam a prevalência da opção feminina pelo curso de formação de oficiais intendentes (gestores da área administrativa) em relação ao curso de formação de oficiais aviadores (pilotos) da Academia da Força Aérea – AFA. Metodologia – A abordagem metodológica foi qualitativa e os dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, grupos focais e survey. Os dados obtidos nos grupos focais foram tratados por meio de análise de conteúdo, de acordo com as categorias propostas no referencial teórico adotado, e serviram de subsídio para a elaboração de um questionário distribuído a todas as profissionais do quadro de aviação e de intendência em atividade, que permitiu ratificar e ampliar os resultados da pesquisa. O questionário possibilitou a compreensão das principais diferenças e semelhanças entre os fatores identificados nos grupos focais e como eles influenciam os processos de escolha, pelas mulheres, entre o curso de formação de oficiais intendentes e o curso de formação de oficiais aviadores. Resultados – Como resultado da pesquisa foi possível identificar que as mulheres, independente da especialidade escolhida, buscam uma carreira que lhes permita conciliar suas necessidades profissionais e pessoais, já que, culturalmente, o peso maior dos trabalhos domésticos e da criação dos filhos ainda recai sobre elas no país, mesmo com o avanço de suas responsabilidades no campo profissional. Nesse sentido, considerando que a carreira de oficial intendente permite conciliar melhor esses aspectos, as mulheres tendem a optar pela mesma, ainda que seja necessário abdicar, com essa escolha, de melhores condições de trabalho e de outras vantagens advindas da carreira de aviador, vantagens essas não visualizadas no momento da realização do processo seletivo. As questões culturais que determinam a prevalência feminina em atividades de suporte e apoio, como as de intendência, também ficaram evidenciadas a partir da confirmação dos estereótipos de gênero, bem como a influência da família na tomada de decisão. Contribuições práticas – O estudo permitiu conhecer, na visão das mulheres, as particularidades da carreira de aviação e de intendência que afetam diretamente nessa escolha, sendo um instrumento valioso no dimensionamento de expectativas reais de participação feminina em outros quadros com características semelhantes (quadro de apoio ou operacional) para o Exército e a Marinha, que ainda estão em fase de adaptação de suas escolas de formação e de adequação de seus cursos para o recebimento das mulheres. Além disso, o entendimento das principais dificuldades enfrentadas em ambos os quadros auxiliou na detecção de deficiências na gestão administrativa e de recursos humanos da Força Aérea, possibilitando a revisão e otimização das práticas institucionais e a adequação dos cursos de formação da AFA. A partir da compreensão dos fatores que influenciam a opção feminina pelos cursos pesquisados, será possível identificar segmentos sociais com aspirações semelhantes, potencializando o uso de propagandas e recursos motivacionais para captar mulheres para o quadro de aviadores, a fim de se beneficiar das vantagens advindas de ambientes mistos de trabalho. Contribuições sociais – O estudo poderá ser utilizado para enriquecer entendimentos a respeito das motivaçõesdas mulheres em integrar organizações conservadoras, bem como dos principais desafios enfrentados em situações semelhantes. Também poderá contribuir para os estudos de gênero e de gestão de recursos humanos, os quais apresentam uma frequência de atualização e pesquisa relativamente baixa se comparada a outras áreas e aspectos organizacionais investigados, principalmente nas instituições públicas. Originalidade – A abordagem das escolhas profissionais por carreiras militares de combate pelas mulheres representa um marco na literatura sobre o tema, já que a Força Aérea Brasileira é a única, dentre as três forças, a aceitá-las em seu principal quadro de carreira, vinculado diretamente à atividade-fim da instituição: a aviação. Além disso, a pesquisa aborda a questão de gênero não pelas conquistas alcançadas pelo sexo feminino nas Forças Armadas, e sim pelo interesse das mesmas nas vitórias obtidas. / Purpose – The overall objective is to understand the reasons that influence the prevalence of the female option for the training course of stewardship officers(support boardmanagers) concerning the training course of official aviators (pilots) of the Air Force Academy. Design/Methodology –The methodological approach is qualitative with bibliographic and documentary research, focal groups and survey data compilation. Content analysis according to the categories offered by the theoretical background was used to treat the focal groups data, which supported an application distributed to all active fliers and stewardship, allowing search results to be ratified and extended. The questionnaire answers pointed out the main differences and similarities between the identified factors in the focus groups and how they influence women's choice processes between the training course of intendant officers and the training course of official pilots. Findings – As a result of the research, it was possible to acknowledge that women seek a career that allows them to adjust their professional and personal needs, despite the chosen occupation. Culturally in this country, the burden of domestic work and child rearing still falls on women, even with the elevation of their competencies in the professional field. In this sense, women tend to opt for the official stewardship career. Although this job enables to settle these aspects, this choice entails abdicating better working conditions and other pilot career advantages, that at the time of selection process are not envisioned. Also, the acknowledgment of gender stereotypes, as well as the influence of the family in decision making highlighted the cultural issues that restrict female prevalence in support work. Practical implications – From the women perspective, the study enabled to know the particularities of the piloting career and stewardship that directly affect their choice. Signifying a valuable instrument in the dimensioning of realistic expectations of female participation in other cadres with similar characteristics or (support or operational board) for the Army and Navy, which are still in the process of adapting their training schools and adjusting their courses for the reception of women. The understanding of the main difficulties faced by both staff helped the detection of deficiencies in the Air Force administrative and human resources management. It made possible to update and optimize institutional practices and AFA training courses adequateness. Based on the understanding of the circumstances that influence female option for the training course of stewardship officers, the armed forces may identify social segments with similar interests. Therefore, advertisement and motivational resources may be used to bring in women to the pilot's boardin order to benefit from mixed work environments. Social implications –The study could be used to enhance understandings about women's motives in comprise traditional organizations as well as the key challenges encountered in similar situations. It can also contribute to gender studies and human resources management, which show a relatively low refresh rate and research compared to other domains and organizational aspects investigated, especially in public institutions Originality – The approach of women's professional choice for military combat careers is a milestone in the case literature, whereas amidst the three forces Brazilian Air Force is the only one to allow women in its main occupation connected to the organization core activity: piloting. The research does not address gender issues based on women's achievements in the Armed Forces, on the contrary, it communicates their victories' interest.

En 1683, la monarchie française expédie en Nouvelle-France trois compagnies d’infanterie de la Marine afin de mettre un terme à la guerre contre les Iroquois qui menace la colonie sous juridiction de la Marine. Ce premier contingent se montrant incapable de mater l’ennemi, le roi envoie d’autres compagnies dirigées par des officiers qui détiennent soit une expérience dans le service de la Marine ou dans les régiments d’infanterie. La guerre dorénavant ouverte avec les colonies britanniques, force l’enracinement de ce corps d’armée au Canada. Les administrateurs vont l’appeler troupes de la Marine. Un autre facteur d’enracinement est la permission que les autorités royales accordent aux nobles de la colonie canadienne de s’engager dans le corps d’officiers. Les Canadiens y deviennent majoritaires quelques décennies plus tard. Plusieurs de ces officiers, notamment nés en colonie ont fait l’objet de biographies. Quelques études se sont penchées sur le corps d’officiers en tant qu’acteur social. Cependant, l’ensemble de la carrière militaire d’un officier des troupes de la Marine en Nouvelle-France n’a jamais été abordé. Les capitaines, étant parvenus au sommet de la hiérarchie des troupes de la Marine avant 1739, constituent le sujet de cette recherche. Ce sera donc les grandes étapes de leur expérience militaire coloniale que l’on tentera d’approfondir tout en prenant en considération le lieu de naissance de l’officier, ce qui nous permet dégager certaines tendances relatives à la carrière d’officiers militaires dans la société d’Ancien Régime. / In 1683, the French monarchy decided to send three companies of infantry of the Marine to quell the Iroquois, who were waging war against the colony that was then under Marine jurisdiction. Unable to put an end to the threat, the king sent more companies whose officers had Marine or infantry experience. The war, now extended to the British colonies forced the Marine to station troops permanently in Canada. They called by the administrators : troupes de la Marine. Another sign that this colonial army had become permanent is the opening of the officer corps to the local nobility. A few decades later, the officier corps nearly entirely consisted of Canadian noblemen. Some of the officers, most of them born in Canada, have been the subject of biographies. Some historians have studied the military noblesse as a social group. The military career of the officers of the troupes de la Marine has not, however, been studied has a whole. The captains, that is, the men who reached the top of the hierarchy of the troupes de la Marine before 1739, are the subject of this analysis. The study examines the main stages of their colonial military experience, while taking into account the officers birthplace, so as to highlight certain trends of Ancien-Regime society.