This dissertation intends to analyse the architectural work of the brothers Marcelo, Milton and Maurício Roberto done in Rio de Janeiro between 1936 and 1954. This period embraces one of the most important moments in the history of Brazilian architecture, being at the same time a research area where the absence of theoretical and critical investigations must be faced. This is one of the purposes of this work. The analysis is centered in the building and its processes of configuration, trying to unfold the theoretical and methodological contents of the project, wich arises from the comprehension and interpretation of the building as material reality. Some representative works of M.M.M. Roberto were selected and through its description and analysis some conclusions were formulated in relation to the originality of the contributions and the connections with the architectural context in Brazil at that time. The international references are mainly related to the work of Le Corbusier and the influence of French academic tradition. The results intend to prove the significance of the works of M.M.M. Roberto as a design experience in the context of Brazilian modern arcgitecture between 1930 and 1960.

This dissertation intends to analyse the architectural work of the brothers Marcelo, Milton and Maurício Roberto done in Rio de Janeiro between 1936 and 1954. This period embraces one of the most important moments in the history of Brazilian architecture, being at the same time a research area where the absence of theoretical and critical investigations must be faced. This is one of the purposes of this work. The analysis is centered in the building and its processes of configuration, trying to unfold the theoretical and methodological contents of the project, wich arises from the comprehension and interpretation of the building as material reality. Some representative works of M.M.M. Roberto were selected and through its description and analysis some conclusions were formulated in relation to the originality of the contributions and the connections with the architectural context in Brazil at that time. The international references are mainly related to the work of Le Corbusier and the influence of French academic tradition. The results intend to prove the significance of the works of M.M.M. Roberto as a design experience in the context of Brazilian modern arcgitecture between 1930 and 1960.

This dissertation intends to analyse the architectural work of the brothers Marcelo, Milton and Maurício Roberto done in Rio de Janeiro between 1936 and 1954. This period embraces one of the most important moments in the history of Brazilian architecture, being at the same time a research area where the absence of theoretical and critical investigations must be faced. This is one of the purposes of this work. The analysis is centered in the building and its processes of configuration, trying to unfold the theoretical and methodological contents of the project, wich arises from the comprehension and interpretation of the building as material reality. Some representative works of M.M.M. Roberto were selected and through its description and analysis some conclusions were formulated in relation to the originality of the contributions and the connections with the architectural context in Brazil at that time. The international references are mainly related to the work of Le Corbusier and the influence of French academic tradition. The results intend to prove the significance of the works of M.M.M. Roberto as a design experience in the context of Brazilian modern arcgitecture between 1930 and 1960.

Dans le cadre de la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, une des approches possibles consiste en l’utilisation de membranes pour séparer le CO2 de mélanges gazeux. Durant ce travail de thèse, la séparation CO2 / N2 dans des conditions de post-combustion a été étudiée pour des membranes à matrice mixte composées de matériaux organométalliques poreux, les MOF, insérés dans des polymères. Plus spécifiquement, la thèse porte sur la caractérisation de ces membranes à l’aide des spectroscopies vibrationnelles (IR et Raman). Différentes membranes polymériques et membranes à matrice mixte basées sur des polymères commerciaux comme le Matrimid ou le PEBAX ou des nouveaux polymères comme le PIM-1 ou 6FDA-DAM plus performants ont ainsi été étudiées. La spectroscopie Raman a d’abord été utilisée pour contrôler l’homogénéité des membranes et la bonne dispersion du MOF au sein du polymère à l’aide du Raman. Les interactions entre le polymère et le MOF ont également été étudiées à l’aide des spectroscopies IR in situ et Raman, notamment pour des composites modèles permettant de maximiser les interactions entre les deux composés. La deuxième partie du travail a été axée sur la caractérisation spectroscopique (IR operando) de ces membranes dans les conditions de post-combustion, simultanément à la mesure de leurs performances en séparation. Un système de mesures dédié a donc été spécialement développé. Cette méthodologie permet de comparer directement les données d’adsorption et de séparation des membranes. En développant une nouvelle approche couplant les aspects cinétiques et thermodynamiques de l’adsorption et de la perméation, les données expérimentales ont été modélisées afin de déterminer les paramètres d’adsorption et de diffusion des différentes membranes. / In the frame of the abatement of greenhouse gases, one of the possible approaches concern the use of membranes to separate CO2 from gas mixtures. During this PhD work, CO2 / N2 separation in post-combustion conditions has been studied for Mixed Matrix Membranes constituted by porous organometallic materials, MOFs, inserted into polymers. More specifically, this work aims at the characterization of these membranes using vibrational spectroscopies (IR and Raman). Different membranes, purely polymeric or Mixed Matrix Membranes, based on commercial polymers such as Matrimid or PEBAX as well as new polymers such as PIM-1 or 6FDA-DAM have been studied. Raman spectroscopy was first used to control the homogeneity of the membranes and the good dispersion of the MOF within the polymer. The interactions between the polymer and the MOF were also studied using IR in situ and Raman spectroscopies, notably for composites allowing maximizing the interactions between the two components. The second part of the work focused on the characterization of these membranes under operating post-combustion conditions, simultaneously with the measurement of their separation performance. For this purpose, a specifically designed measurement system has been developed in order to be able to test the membranes using IR operando. This methodology allows the direct comparison of adsorption and separation data. By the development of a new approach coupling kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of adsorption and permeation, experimental data were modelled to determine adsorption and diffusion parameters of the various membranes.

Recently, researchers have reformulated Item Response Theory (IRT) models into multilevel models to evaluate clustered data appropriately. Using a multilevel model to obtain item difficulty and person ability parameter estimates that correspond directly with IRT models’ parameters is often referred to as multilevel measurement modeling. Unlike conventional IRT models, multilevel measurement models (MMM) can handle, the addition of predictor variables, appropriate modeling of clustered data, and can be estimated using non-specialized computer software, including SAS. For example, a three-level model can model the repeated measures (level one) of individuals (level two) who are clustered within schools (level three). Limitations in terms of the minimum sample size and number of test items that permit reasonable one-parameter logistic (1-PL) IRT model’s parameters have not been examined for either the two- or three-level MMM. Researchers (Wright and Stone, 1979; Lord, 1983; Hambleton and Cook, 1983) have found that sample sizes under 200 and fewer than 20 items per test result in poor model fit and poor parameter recovery for dichotomous 1-PL IRT models with data that meet model assumptions. This simulation study tested the performance of the two-level and three-level MMM under various conditions that included three sample sizes (100, 200, and 400), three test lengths (5, 10, and 20), three level-3 cluster sizes (10, 20, and 50), and two generated intraclass correlations (.05 and .15). The study demonstrated that use of the two- and three-level MMMs lead to somewhat divergent results for item difficulty and person-level ability estimates. The mean relative item difficulty bias was lower for the three-level model than the two-level model. The opposite was true for the person-level ability estimates, with a smaller mean relative parameter bias for the two-level model than the three-level model. There was no difference between the two- and three-level MMMs in the school-level ability estimates. Modeling clustered data appropriately; having a minimum total sample size of 100 to accurately estimate level-2 residuals and a minimum total sample size of 400 to accurately estimate level-3 residuals; and having at least 20 items will help ensure valid statistical test results. / text

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Ukraine is quite new country, which faces early stages of its development. The financial market of the country has passed through different and challenging times for these 20 years and still has to choose several essential factors for the further development. The existence of financial frauds in Ukraine could be explained by lack of knowledge and information in the country as well as low level of trust to the government. The case of JSC "MMM" and Mr. Mavrodi is the best well-known example of Ponzi scheme in Ukraine and all post-Soviet countries, which gives the possibility to analyze the main features of its consequences.