Este trabalho apresenta um estudo em nível de mestrado na área de Geração de Língua Natural (GLN), enfocando a experimentação na tarefa de Geração de Expressões de Referência (GER). O trabalho apresenta um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema, abordando principalmente o modo monólogo e diálogo de realização destes experimentos. Além disso, é apresentado um modelo computacional para a validação automática das descrições produzidas em experimentos de GER, e a sua incorporação em uma ferramenta WEB para realização de experimentos de custo mais baixo, do tipo monólogo, com os benefícios de experimentos do tipo diálogo. O Modelo é avaliado de maneira intrínseca com base em um conjunto de córpus de GER, e de maneira extrínseca em um experimento real com humanos. Resultados comprovam a hipótese inicial de que descrições coletadas em modo monólogo com validação automática das descrições são mais próximas das descrições obtidas em modo diálogo do que as obtidas em modo monólogo / This work concerns a MSc Project in the field of Natural Language Generation (NLG), focusing on the issue of experimentation in the Referring Expression Generation (REG). The study presents a literature review on the topic, distinguishing between monologue and dialogue experiments. Moreover, a computational model for the validation of referring expressions collected in these experiments is presented. The proposed model is embedded in a WEB tool for the design of low-cost monologue experiments with the advantages of dialogue settings. The Model is assessed intrinsically based on a set of GER corpus, and extrinsically in a real experiment with humans. Results confirm the initial hypothesis that descriptions collected in monologue settings with automatic validation of the descriptions are closer to the descriptions obtained in dialog ones than those obtained in monologue settings

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo em nível de mestrado na área de Geração de Língua Natural (GLN), enfocando a experimentação na tarefa de Geração de Expressões de Referência (GER). O trabalho apresenta um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema, abordando principalmente o modo monólogo e diálogo de realização destes experimentos. Além disso, é apresentado um modelo computacional para a validação automática das descrições produzidas em experimentos de GER, e a sua incorporação em uma ferramenta WEB para realização de experimentos de custo mais baixo, do tipo monólogo, com os benefícios de experimentos do tipo diálogo. O Modelo é avaliado de maneira intrínseca com base em um conjunto de córpus de GER, e de maneira extrínseca em um experimento real com humanos. Resultados comprovam a hipótese inicial de que descrições coletadas em modo monólogo com validação automática das descrições são mais próximas das descrições obtidas em modo diálogo do que as obtidas em modo monólogo / This work concerns a MSc Project in the field of Natural Language Generation (NLG), focusing on the issue of experimentation in the Referring Expression Generation (REG). The study presents a literature review on the topic, distinguishing between monologue and dialogue experiments. Moreover, a computational model for the validation of referring expressions collected in these experiments is presented. The proposed model is embedded in a WEB tool for the design of low-cost monologue experiments with the advantages of dialogue settings. The Model is assessed intrinsically based on a set of GER corpus, and extrinsically in a real experiment with humans. Results confirm the initial hypothesis that descriptions collected in monologue settings with automatic validation of the descriptions are closer to the descriptions obtained in dialog ones than those obtained in monologue settings

À première vue, le monologue intérieur et le roman d’aventures semblent antinomiques. Si le monologue intérieur explore l’intériorité d’un personnage, le roman d’aventures se présente plutôt comme le théâtre d’événements extérieurs procédant d’une confrontation, au moins implicite, avec la mort (Vladimir Jankélévitch). L’écriture d’un monologue intérieur donnant voix au personnage de Mrs. Aouda, héroïne silencieuse du roman Le tour du monde en 80 jours de Jules Verne, constituait une forme de pari : l’ajout d’un monologue intérieur à un roman d’aventures préexistant peut-il apporter un éclairage sur cette «entrée dans le domaine de la mort» (Simone Vierne) qui caractérise le parcours du personnage aventurier? Les objectifs de la recherche sont donc d’identifier les liens qui peuvent être tissés entre le monologue intérieur et l’aventure. Nous constaterons que la notion de roman initiatique permet de mettre en lumière le rôle essentiel de la mort dans le roman d’aventures, et ce même dans le cadre d’un récit fondé sur l’intériorité d’un personnage donné. La présente étude suggère que l’hybridation du roman d’aventures permettrait de révéler le processus de transformation du personnage en voie d’initiation, questionnant ainsi la pertinence des frontières implicites entre les notions d’aventure et d’«aventure intérieure».

Inaug.-diss.--Greifswald. / Lebenslauf. "Literatur": p. [10]-11.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Trinity International University, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-226).

No description available.

In this thesis a study of discourse segmenting is carried out, which investigates both segment boundaries and segment content. The results are related to discourse theory. We study the questions of how the prosody and the text structure influence subjects' annotations of discourse boundaries and discourse prominence. The hypothesis was that the annotations would be influenced by the discourse type. Two studies were carried out. 1) a study of boundary annotation, 2) a study of prominence annotation. All studies were made on four different discourse types, scripted and spontaneous monologue and scripted and spontaneous dialogue. In addition the annotations were carried out under two different conditions 1) based on transcripts alone and 2) based on transcripts together with access to the speech signal. The results indicate that the boundary annotations were less dependent on the speech signal than the prominence annotations. It seems that subjects have segmented on the basis of the text structure, while prominence to a great extent was annotated on the basis of the prosody. In the case of boundary markings the boundary context in terms of parts of speech differs across speaking styles, which is not the case for the prominences. A separate study of segment intentions was also made, and it was found that the interpretation of a specific intention, questions, seems to be arrived at primarily on the basis of the text structure. However, in some cases also the prosody affects the annotations. The picture that emerges indicates a distribution of labour between text structure and prosody, governed by the principle of economy. In cases where the boundaries were less well definied, as in e.g. spontaneous monologue, the pattern of the prominences was clearer. In cases where the boundaries were more clearly indicated, as in read aloud text, the prominences were less clearly communicated. The findings were interpreted within Grosz and Sidner's (1986) discourse theory. It is suggested that differences in the segmenting strategy originating from the interaction of text structure and prosody can be expressed as differences in the contributions from the different components of discourse suggested in the framework of Grosz and Sidner (1986). / <p>För att köpa boken skicka en beställning till exp@ling.su.se/ To order the book send an e-mail to exp@ling.su.se</p>

Thesis (D. Min.)--Trinity International University, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-226).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Trinity International University, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-226).

This dissertation examines a very popular and widespread trend in contemporary British and Irish theatre - monologue plays. One of the reasons of the recent boom of monologue-based theatre performances might be the fact that the condensed theatrical form presents a challenge for everyone involved - the playwrights, actors, and crucially also for the audience. The diversity and quantity of such plays present an obstacle that has deterred most theatre scholars from systematic analysis as it is difficult to decide on what ground such widespread phenomenon might be critically approached. Given the essential role the audience have as the only communication partner of the lonely monologists on stage, this work attempts to analyse the contemporary boom of monologue plays in the U.K. and Ireland by using a systematic framework, based on the various incorporations of the monologue, which enables examination of how specific strategies of the realisation of the monologue elicit audience engagement. First it explores monologue plays in which one actor/actress performs one character, then it deals with plays in which the performer re-enacts other characters, subsequently this work focuses on very rare experiments in the monologue form, where the performer re-enacts conflicting versions of their split selves and...