Orientador: Carlos Alberto Canesin / Resumo: Considerando o atual crescimento dos sistemas baseados em fontes de energia renováveis para a Geração Distribuída (GD), novas estruturas de potência estão sendo desenvolvidas para os sistemas de conversão. O presente estudo propõe a utilização do Inversor Integrado Cuk para o processamento da energia solar fotovoltaica proveniente de um conjunto de módulos fotovoltaicos. Este inversor é o resultado da integração de um conversor Cuk e um inversor de ponte completa, sendo capaz de realizar as funções de elevação e redução de tensão, e a função de converter a corrente continua em alternada, possuindo um grande potencial para a obtenção de uma estrutura de potência de reduzido volume e alto rendimento, garantindo uma baixa distorção harmônica da corrente injetada à rede. Neste trabalho de dissertação são apresentadas as análises quantitativa e qualitativa do inversor com o objetivo de mostrar em detalhes o seu funcionamento e apresentar as principais equações elétricas dos componentes reativos e semicondutores. Além disso, para a obtenção do modelo dinâmico em pequeno sinal do inversor, o método de média do circuito e modelagem média de interruptores é utilizado a fim de projetar os controladores do modo de controle adotado, o qual consiste em dois laços de corrente retroalimentados. Por outro lado, uma comparação das diferentes configurações de módulos fotovoltaicos conectados ao inversor é realizada através dos dados de simulação, a fim de obter a configuração com as melhores c... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Considering the current growth of the renewable energy sources-based systems for Distributed Generation (DG), new power structures are being developed for the conversion systems. The present study proposes the use of the Cuk Integrated Inverter for the processing of photovoltaic solar energy from a set of photovoltaic modules. This inverter is the result of the integration of a Cuk converter and a Full Bridge inverter, being able to perform the functions of raise and reduce voltage, and the function of converting the direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC), possessing a great potential for obtaining a power structure of reduced volume and high performance, guaranteeing a low harmonic distortion of the current injected into the electric grid. In this research work, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the inverter are presented in order to show in detail its operation and present the main electrical equations of the reactive and semiconductor components. In addition, to obtain the dynamic model in small signal of the inverter, the method of Circuit Averaging and Averaged Switch Modeling is used in order to design the controllers of the adopted control mode, which consists of two feedback loops of current. On the other hand, a comparison of the different configurations of photovoltaic modules connected to the inverter is performed by simulation data, in order to obtain the configuration with the best performance characteristics of the system. The maximum power p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Dans une optique de maximisation de la production et de réduction des coûts d’installation, de maintenance et d’entretien des trackers solaires, qui permettent d’orienter les modules photovoltaïques à haute concentration (HCPV), ces travaux de thèse se focalisent sur l’amélioration de la précision et la réduction du coût de la stratégie de génération de la trajectoire du tracker. Dans un premier temps, un simulateur de tracker HCPV est développé offrant une étude de l’influence de la performance du suivi du soleil sur la production des modules HCPV, permettant ainsi une étude et une comparaison des stratégies de génération de trajectoires. Le simulateur est basé sur un modèle comportemental de module HCPV monté sur tracker permettant de prédire la puissance maximale du module HCPV en fonction de l’erreur de position du tracker face au soleil, de l’ensoleillement direct et de la température. Une première stratégie de commande dite de référence a été implémentée sur ce simulateur. C’est une commande hybride qui repose sur un viseur solaire pour corriger l’erreur de poursuite par un calcul astronomique. Ensuite, afin d’améliorer les performances et de réduire les coûts de cette stratégie, une nouvelle approche sans capteur est développée en se basant sur une méthode d’optimisation du gradient de puissance pour la génération de la trajectoire du tracker. Une étude complémentaire est également exposée afin de mettre en évidence des algorithmes de recherche de la puissance maximale (MPPT) pouvant offrir des temps de réponse suffisamment rapides pour ne pas affecter la qualité de l’évaluation du gradient de puissance. Dans ce contexte, une commande MPPT P&O améliorée par un réseau de neurones à complexité réduite est proposée, assurant un compromis entre précision, simplicité et rapidité / This work focuses on improving the accuracy and on reducing the cost of the tracker generating trajectory strategy, in order to maximize the production and to reduce the installation and the maintenance cost of a solar tracker orienting high concentrated photovoltaic modules (HCPV). Initially, we propose a behavioral modeling of the HCPV module mounted on a dual axis tracker in order to study the influence of the tracking performance on the module power production. Then, this simulator can be used to test control strategies and to compare their performance. Firstly, a classical control strategy is implemented in the simulator. It is based on a hybrid control operating an astronomical calculation to follow the sun path, and a sun sensor to correct the tracking error. A sensorless strategy is proposed in this work to reduce the cost of the HCPV tracker control. This strategy is based on a gradient optimization algorithm to generate the tracker trajectory and to catch the sun path. Tested on the simulator, this strategy presents the same accuracy as the classical strategy while being less costly. The last study proposed in this thesis work concerns maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, in order to respond to a given problem relating to the practical implementation of gradient algorithm. In this context, we propose an original optimization of the P&O MPPT control with a neural network algorithm leading to a significant reduction of the computational cost required to train it. This approach, which is ensuring a good compromise between accuracy and complexity is sufficiently fast to not affect the quality of the evaluation of the gradient.