Thesis (D. Min.)--Trinity International University, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-116).

Στην εργασία αυτή μελετήθηκε η γενετική δομή και οι φυλογενετικές σχέσεις μεταξύ έξι πληθυσμών της Atherina boyeri που προέρχονταν από τις περιοχές της Μυτιλήνης, της Νισύρου, της Κάσου, της Κύμης, και των λιμνών της Βιστωνίδας και Iznik (στην Τουρκία). Συγκεκριμένα, έγινε μελέτη των περιοριστικών θραυσμάτων ποικίλου μήκους (RFLP analysis) των τμημάτων 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA και του βρόγχου εκτόπισης (D-loop) του μιτοχονδριακού DNA. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτά συνδυάστηκαν με τα αποτελέσματα άλλων μελετών που αφορούσαν εννέα διαφορετικές περιοχές της Ελλάδας (Κάλυμνο, Κεφαλλονιά, Αμβρακικός, Κως, Λήμνος, Εύβοια, Ζάκυνθος, Λευκάδα και Κουρνά-Κρήτη) και είχαν γίνει στο εργαστήριο. Από την RFLP ανάλυση αποκαλύφθηκαν 23 διαφορετικοί σύνθετοι απλότυποι. Βάσει των αποτελεσμάτων γίνεται σαφής διαχωρισμός μεταξύ «λιμναίου» και «θαλάσσιου» τύπου πληθυσμών. Οι πληθυσμοί από τις λίμνες/λιμνοθάλασσες (Βιστωνίδα, Κουρνά, Κούταβος/Κεφαλλονιά, Αμβρακικός, Iznik/Τουρκία ), καθώς και από περιοχές που επικρατούν παρόμοιες συνθήκες (Κύμη, Βαθύ Καλύμνου), έχουν τους απλότυπους 1-6, ενώ οι «θαλάσσιου» τύπου πληθυσμοί (Κως, Λήμνος, Εύβοια, Μυτιλήνη, Νίσυρος, Κάσος, Ζάκυνθος, Λευκάδα) έχουν τους απλότυπους 7-23. Διαπιστώθηκε επίσης η ύπαρξη πέντε διαγνωστικών προτύπων μεταξύ «λιμναίων» και «θαλάσσιων» πληθυσμών. Επιπλέον, παρατηρήθηκε η ύπαρξη ενός διαγνωστικού προτύπου για τους πληθυσμούς από την Κω, τη Λήμνο και τη Νίσυρο, βάσει του οποίου μπορούμε να διαχωρίσουμε τους πληθυσμούς αυτούς από τους υπόλοιπους θαλάσσιους πληθυσμούς που μελετήθηκαν, καθώς και ένα διαγνωστικό πρότυπο βάσει του οποίου μπορούμε να διακρίνουμε τον πληθυσμό της Νισύρου από τους υπόλοιπους επτά πληθυσμούς «θαλάσσιου» τύπου. Με βάση τα δεδομένα αυτά υπολογίστηκε η καθαρή νουκλεοτιδική απόκλιση μεταξύ των πληθυσμών και βρέθηκε να είναι αρκετά υψηλή σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις. Τα παραπάνω αποτελέσματα επιβεβαιώνονται και από τα δύο φυλογενετικά δένδρα που κατασκευάστηκαν με τις μεθόδους UPGMA και Μέγιστης Φειδωλότητας. Βάσει της τιμής του Nst (50%) που υπολογίστηκε μόνο η μισή από την ολική γενετική ποικιλότητα που παρατηρήθηκε οφείλεται σε διαφορές ανάμεσα στους πληθυσμούς, ενώ η υπόλοιπη οφείλεται σε ενδοπληθυσμιακές διαφορές. / Τhe genetic differentiation and the phylogenetic relationships of six greek populations of Atherina boyeri were investigated at the mitochondrial level. The samples originated from the marine sites of Lesvos, Nisyros, Kasos, Kymi and the lakes Vistonida and Iznik (Turkey). RFLP analysis of three mtDNA segments (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and D-loop) amplified by PCR were used. These results were combined with others available in the laboratory, concerning nine more greek populations (Kalymnos, Kefallonia, Amvrakikos, Kos, Limnos, Evvoia, Zakynthos, Leukada, Kourna/Crete). Twenty-three composite haplotypes where revealed from the RFLP analysis. There is a clear distinction between “marine” and “lagoon” type populations. In particular, the populations from the lakes/lagoons (Vistonida, Kourna, Kefallonia, Amvrakikos, Iznik), as well as the populations from sites with similar environmental conditions to the lakes/lagoons (Kymi, Kalymnos) have the haplotypes 1-6, while the “marine” type populations (Kos, Limnos, Evvoia, Lesvos, Nisyros, Kasos, Zakynthos, Leukada) have the haplotypes 7-23. Five specific restriction patterns were also revealed, which can be used to distinguish the “marine” from the “lagoon” type populations. Moreover, one diagnostic pattern, with which we can distinguish the populations from Kos, Limnos and Nisyros from the rest “marine” type populations studied, was revealed, as well as it was revealed one diagnostic pattern, with which we can distinguish the population of Nisyros from the rest “marine” type populations. The genetic divergence values estimated among “lagoon” and “marine” type populations were high, with the populations from Evvoia and Kourna to show the greatest divergence (10.450%) and the populations from Amvrakikos and Nisyros the lowest (5.549%). The above results were also confirmed and by the two phylogenetic trees that were conducted using the UPGMA and the Maximum Parsimony methods. The trees consist of two main clades, which contain the “marine” and “lagoon” populations respectively. Our results show that distinct “lagoon” populations (such as from Vistonida and Kourna) have similar genetic structure, a situation that is not true for the “marine” populations, since there are populations with completely different genetic structure. Finally, the Nst value (50%) indicates that half of the overall genetic diversity detected was between populations.

The melanocortin system regulates various physiological processes including feeding behavior, sexual function, skin pigmentation and photoprotection via five G-protein coupled receptors and several endogenous ligands. There is a need for selective and potent ligands to the human melanocortin receptors (hMCRs) that can chemically resolve these various functions. This thesis presents three studies aimed at refining the understanding of the structural differences between binding pockets of the hMCR subtypes. In the first study α-N-methylated analogues of the non-selective agonist, MT-II, are evaluated for their in vitro function. This study produced the most potent hMC1R selective agonist to date. The following two studies examine the effects of mutations on the biological activity of melanocortin receptor subtypes 1 and 4. Much of the mutation study data is preliminary and requires a demonstration of reproducibility.

The mitochondrial small-subunit ribosomal RNA (mt. SSU rRNA = rns) gene appears to be a reservoir for a number of group I and II introns along with the intron- encoded proteins (IEPs) such as homing endonucleases (HEases) and reverse transcriptases. The key objective for this thesis was to examine the rns gene among different groups of ophiostomatoid fungi for the presence of introns and IEPs. Overall the distribution of the introns does not appear to follow evolutionary lineages suggesting the possibility of rare horizontal gains and frequent loses. Some of the novel findings of this work were the discovery of a twintron complex inserted at position S1247 within the rns gene, here a group IIA1 intron invaded the ORF embedded within a group IC2 intron. Another new element was discovered within strains of Ophiostoma minus where a group II introns has inserted at the rns position S379; the mS379 intron represents the first mitochondrial group II intron that has an RT-ORF encoded outside Domain IV and it is the first intron reported to at position S379. The rns gene of O. minus WIN(M)371 was found to be interrupted with a group IC2 intron at position mS569 and a group IIB1 intron at position mS952 and they both encode double motif LAGLIDADG HEases referred as I-OmiI and I-OmiII respectively. These IEPs were examined in more detail to evaluate if these proteins represent functional HEases. To express I-OmiI and I-OmiII in Escherichia. coli, a codon-optimized versions of I-OmiI and I-OmiII sequences were synthesized based on differences between the fungal mitochondrial and bacterial genetic code. The optimized I-OmiI and I-OmiII sequences were cloned in the pET200/D TOPO expression vector system and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). These two proteins were biochemically characterized and the results showed that: both I-OmiI and I-OmiII are functional HEases. Detailed data for I-OmiII showed that this endonuclease cleaves the target site two nucleotides upstream of the intron insertion site generating 4 nucleotide 3’overhangs.

The northeast-trending transpressive Hope fault is a major tectonic element of the active Pacific-Australian plate boundary zone through New Zealand. This study presents geomorphic and paleoseismic field data from the Mt Fyffe section of the Hope fault, which in turn is used to develop a seismic hazard map for the adjacent area. The Mt Fyffe section is a 12 km long, 1 km wide zone of deformation that changes in strike and slip rate from 275° and 16 ± 5 mm/yr in the southwest, to 235° and 2 to 4.8 mm/yr in the northeast. Slip is transferred from the Mt Fyffe section to the Jordan thrust and related structures. Deformation along the Mt Fyffe section has been divided into four structural domains, from southeast to northwest: an extensional step-over, a series of four en-echelon wedges, a contractional step-over, and a contractional domain. Near surface fault zone kinematics recorded by tectonic geomorphic landforms are interpreted to reflect the change in strike of the fault zone, topographic loading and the related fault zone break-out along the range front. The south-western Mt Fyffe section has ruptured at least once between 660 AD and 1800 AD, and the north-eastern end ruptured at least once between 1410 and 1640 AD, and possible since 1640 AD. A rupture of the Mt Fyffe section with the Conway section is the foundation fault for Kaikoura. It is estimated to have a Mmax of greater than 7. Probabilistic seismic hazard models (Stirling et al., 2002; in press) estimate a rupture of the Hope fault will result in peak ground accelerations (PGA) for the 150 and 475 year events at Kaikoura of 0.45 to 0.6 g and 0.85 to 2.0 g (midpoints) respectively. Results of a deterministic seismic hazard assessment using the foundation fault, indicate PGA at the Kaikoura township will be between 0.64 g (after Stirling et al, 2000) and 0.31 g (after McVerry et al 2006), lower than that calculated by probabilistic methods. Detailed geomorphic mapping has defined two levels of seismic hazard avoidance zones along the Mt Fyffe rangefront. Zone A contains major structures that accommodate most offset and Zone B contains secondary, smaller scale deformation.

The mitochondrial small-subunit ribosomal RNA (mt. SSU rRNA = rns) gene appears to be a reservoir for a number of group I and II introns along with the intron- encoded proteins (IEPs) such as homing endonucleases (HEases) and reverse transcriptases. The key objective for this thesis was to examine the rns gene among different groups of ophiostomatoid fungi for the presence of introns and IEPs. Overall the distribution of the introns does not appear to follow evolutionary lineages suggesting the possibility of rare horizontal gains and frequent loses. Some of the novel findings of this work were the discovery of a twintron complex inserted at position S1247 within the rns gene, here a group IIA1 intron invaded the ORF embedded within a group IC2 intron. Another new element was discovered within strains of Ophiostoma minus where a group II introns has inserted at the rns position S379; the mS379 intron represents the first mitochondrial group II intron that has an RT-ORF encoded outside Domain IV and it is the first intron reported to at position S379. The rns gene of O. minus WIN(M)371 was found to be interrupted with a group IC2 intron at position mS569 and a group IIB1 intron at position mS952 and they both encode double motif LAGLIDADG HEases referred as I-OmiI and I-OmiII respectively. These IEPs were examined in more detail to evaluate if these proteins represent functional HEases. To express I-OmiI and I-OmiII in Escherichia. coli, a codon-optimized versions of I-OmiI and I-OmiII sequences were synthesized based on differences between the fungal mitochondrial and bacterial genetic code. The optimized I-OmiI and I-OmiII sequences were cloned in the pET200/D TOPO expression vector system and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). These two proteins were biochemically characterized and the results showed that: both I-OmiI and I-OmiII are functional HEases. Detailed data for I-OmiII showed that this endonuclease cleaves the target site two nucleotides upstream of the intron insertion site generating 4 nucleotide 3’overhangs.

This thesis presents an experimental investigation of two-phase flow properties of porous rock samples having different scales ranging from micro-CT imaging to conventional core plug scales. Advances in micro-CT imaging of porous materials provide the opportunity to extract representative networks from the images. This improves the predictive capability of porescale network models to predict multiphase flow properties. However, all these predictions need to be validated with laboratory data. Micro-CT imaging is currently limited to small sample sizes, having bulk volumes of the order of 0.1 cm??. Conventional core plugs, however, have sizes several orders of magnitude larger than that (bulk volumes of 10 cm?? or larger). The aim of this thesis is to investigate the scale effect on laboratory data and to provide reliable experimental data which can be used to test the predictive value of microCT based network models. Berea and Bentheim sandstones and Mount Gambier carbonate were used in the experiments. The core samples were thoroughly cleaned in order to obtain strongly, uniform water-wet conditions. Simple well-characterized fluid systems were chosen in the experiments: Air-brine fluid-system for drainage capillary pressure, resistivity index and spontaneous imbibition experiments while oil-brine fluid-system for wettability and relative permeability measurements. Drainage capillary pressure, resistivity index, relative permeability and spontaneous imbibition measurements were made on the cores having bulk volumes ranging from 0.1 to 12 cm??. Previous studies have shown that experiments at this scale are still lacking. The wettability was tried to keep strongly water-wet for all experiments. The experimental results show that the measurements of drainage capillary pressure, and resistivity index and spontaneous imbibition on small core samples, having similar scales as micro-CT imaging can be made accurately in the laboratory. The measurement of relative permeability remains challenging. This thesis concludes that commonly used homogeneous rock types (Berea and Bentheim sandstones and Mt. Gambier carbonate) can be considered to be sufficiently homogeneous from the pore to core scale based on the two-phase flow properties examined in this study. Hence, laboratory data taken from these rocks using conventional core plugs can be used to calibrate micro-CT based network models for multiphase flow properties.

Thesis (B. Sc. Hons)--University of Adelaide, 1984. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-57).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Erskine Theological Seminary, 1996. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-145).

Thesis (D. Min.)--New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, 1997. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-173).