Risk analysis using likelihood or probability and consequence (L x C) is prone to both methodological and application errors. This contributes to difficulties in achieving risk reduction. As an alternative to the L x C model, this study reviews risk and control effectiveness within the Australian extractive minerals industry. It draws on existing models, locally and internationally, and their application in other industry contexts. The study contends that control effectiveness is more useful and beneficial than L x C alone in determining ‘acceptable’ risk. This hypothesis is substantiated by the development of an alternative model, Major Accident Control Analysis (MACA), based around the prevention of fatalities by exploring and quantifying the following control parameters: 1) controls pre and/or post event, 2) the control type, and 3) the effectiveness of the specific control. By assigning these control parameters, discrete values, comparisons between individual ‘risk’ scenarios and established numerical acceptability risk criteria are possible. The theoretical proposition of this research was tested using detailed case studies to highlight the flaws of conventional risk analysis and, instead, accentuate control effectiveness as a superior method for prioritising risk and determine acceptability. The results of the research demonstrate that control effectiveness, utilised by the MACA method, is particularly valuable when limited data is available to permit quantification, data is too generalised for the operating conditions and where qualitative risk estimates are insufficient and inappropriate to prevent fatalities. MACA employs mathematically valid algorithms previously not envisaged nor developed by earlier methodologies. Importantly, these algorithms enable an interchangeable conversion of control effectiveness ‘values’ to risk ‘values’. Beyond the immediate findings of the research, the additional benefits of control effectiveness are multiple. The principles are suitable to the dynamic nature of the minerals industry, yet are highly adaptable and can be readily applied beyond the field of mining. The methodology could be applied to any circumstance where traditional risk analysis is typically undertaken, thus demonstrating broader application and significance. Furthermore, the methodology is compatible with, and complementary to, existing risk approaches. The intrinsic flexibility offered by this alternative method makes provision for international variations of risk criteria used to determine ‘acceptability’. It is thus determined that the application of control effectiveness estimation offers benefits over and beyond those currently employed.

Na Ficha Catalogr?fica consta o t?tulo: "Monitoramento qu?mico da composi??o e da a??o do biodiesel do ?leo de am?ndoa da maca?ba no contato direto com a?o carbono e a?o carbono galvanizado". / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-11-01T18:00:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) claudia_eliane_dias_batista.pdf: 1707707 bytes, checksum: f480bf5d3fe108357404021690844f2f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-11-10T11:52:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) claudia_eliane_dias_batista.pdf: 1707707 bytes, checksum: f480bf5d3fe108357404021690844f2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-10T11:52:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) claudia_eliane_dias_batista.pdf: 1707707 bytes, checksum: f480bf5d3fe108357404021690844f2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / O biodiesel ? uma importante fonte alternativa de energia, pois ? derivado da biomassa fotossint?tica de plantas oleaginosas. ?leos de muitas esp?cies de plantas t?m sido investigados por serem material precursor para a produ??o de biodiesel. Maca?ba (Acrocomia aculeata) ? uma palmeira nativa do Brasil, cuja fruta tem uma propor??o significativa de ?leo, com potencial real para a produ??o industrial de biodiesel. Existe uma ampla gama de quest?es ainda a serem sistematicamente exploradas, a fim de se obter uma vis?o adequada do manejo racional da cultura da palma, extra??o e processamento do ?leo para a produ??o e armazenamento comercial do biodiesel. O comportamento qu?mico dos ?steres met?licos de ?cidos graxos do ?leo da am?ndoa de maca?ba e a lixivia??o de elementos met?licos por contato dos a?os carbono usados na constru??o de tanques e dutos s?o o foco principal deste trabalho experimental. A composi??o em ?steres met?licos do biodiesel obtido da rea??o de transesterifica??o de triacilglicer?is do ?leo de am?ndoa da maca?ba com metanol, em contato direto com os a?os carbono ASTM A283 grau C e API X65 galvanizados e n?o galvanizados foi monitorada. A lixivia??o de elementos qu?micos da estrutura dos a?os carbono foi tamb?m investigada. Os resultados obtidos por espectroscopia M?ssbauer neste trabalho tamb?m mostraram que o contato com o biodiesel de maca?ba confere prote??o aos a?os n?o galvanizados contra a corros?o oxidativa no contato direto com o ar. Al?m disso, observou-se ainda a forma??o de esp?cies qu?micas contendo ferro, nomeadamente magnetita (Fe3O4) e w?stita (Fe1-xO), na superf?cie das barras de a?o n?o galvanizado quando em contato direto com o ar, mas sem contato com o biodiesel; nenhum ?xido de ferro foi detectado nas barras de a?o usadas no biodiesel, monitoradas at? 105 dias de armazenamento. As taxas de corros?o s?o baixas, de acordo com a norma NACE-RP0775, Standard Recommended Practice: Preparation, Installation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Corrosion Coupons in Oilfield Operations. O biodiesel do ?leo da am?ndoa da maca?ba tem 63,44 massa% de ?steres de ?cidos graxos saturados. Uma condi??o que assegura relativamente alta estabilidade oxidativa do combust?vel, mesmo em contato (na presente experi?ncia, por imers?o) com o a?o carbono API ou ASTM, galvanizado ou n?o. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Biocombust?veis, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. / Biodiesel is an important alternative source of energy, as it is derived from the photosynthetic biomass of oleaginous plants. Oils of many plant species have been investigated for being precursor material for the production of biodiesel. Maca?ba (Acrocomia aculeata) is a native palm in Brazil, whose fruit has a significant proportion of oil, with real potential for the industrial production of biodiesel. There is a wide range of issues still to be systematically explored, in order to achieve an adequate view of the rational crop management of the palm, extraction and processing of the oil for the production and the commercial storage of biodiesel. The chemical behavior of the fatty acid methyl esters from the maca?ba oil and the leaching of metal elements put directly in contact with carbon steels used in the construction of tanks and pipelines are the main focus of the present experimental work. The composition in methyl esters of the biodiesel obtained from the transesterification reaction of triacylglycerols of the maca?ba fruit kernel oil with methanol, in direct contact with the galvanized and non-galvanized carbon steels ASTM A283 grade C and API X65. The M?ssbauer spectroscopy results obtained in this work also showed that the contact with the maca?ba biodiesel gives protection to the non - galvanized steels against the oxidative corrosion in direct contact with air. Also the formation of iron-bearing chemical species, namely magnetite (Fe3O4) and w?stite (Fe1-xO), on the surface of the non-galvanized bar steels when in direct contact with air; no such iron oxide was detected on the steel bars used in the biodiesel, by monitoring up to 105 days of storage. But the corrosion rates are low, according to the NACE-RP0775, Standard Recommended Practice: Preparation, Installation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Corrosion Coupons in Oilfield Operations. These results allow better evaluate and more adequately specify conditions of storage and transportation of biodiesel obtained from the maca?ba oil. The biodiesel of the maca?ba almond oil has 63.44 mass% of esters of saturated fatty acids. A condition that ensures relatively high oxidative stability of the fuel, even in contact (in the present experiment, by immersion) with API or ASTM carbon steel, galvanized or not.

La biopiratería es un problema que viene incrementándose en el país año tras año, la Ley Peruana N° 28216 define la biopiratería como “el acceso y uso no autorizado y no compensado de recursos biológicos o conocimientos tradicionales de los pueblos indígenas por parte de terceros, sin la autorización correspondiente y en contravención de los principios establecidos en el Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica y las normas vigentes sobre la materia”. Desde el año 2014, la biopiratería cobró protagonismo e influyó en los resultados de la cadena de valor de la maca (agricultores, productores, exportadores, entre otros). El presente trabajo busca describir, explicar, comprender e interpretar el impacto del problema de la biopiratería en las exportaciones peruanas de harina de maca durante los años 2013-2015, para lo cual la investigación se ha dividido en seis partes: introducción, cuatro capítulos (marco teórico, metodología, análisis de datos y resultados y discusión de resultados) y conclusiones. El contenido se inicia con el marco teórico que define las bases conceptuales del producto maca, los antecedentes y el desarrollo de la biopiratería, la legislación peruana y su papel frente a este problema así como el rol de control y promoción del Estado. Se continúa la investigación cualitativa, explicando la metodología utilizada para la recolección de los datos que consiste en entrevistas a expertos y observación directa, para luego seguir con el análisis de datos y resultados a través del uso de matrices de procesamiento y bitácoras de análisis. Gracias a la investigación realizada y a la discusión de sus resultados, se concluye que el problema de la biopiratería impactó de manera directa y fue un efecto distorsionador en las cifras de exportaciones peruanas de harina de maca afectando a todos los actores de la cadena. / Tesis

Demuestra el efecto protector del extracto alcaloidal de Lepidium meyenii ecotipo amarillo sobre la osteoporosis inducida en ratas ovariectomizadas. Para ello determina el grado de mineralización del hueso después del tratamiento mediante el examen de densitometría mineral ósea, los cambios en la arquitectura del tejido óseo trabecular mediante estudio histomorfométrico y muestra la variación de los marcadores bioquímicos de resorción y formación ósea en las ratas después del experimento. / Tesis

This study was conducted in the community of Yampupata, in the municipality of Copacabana, in the Manco Kapac province, La Paz, to an altitude of 3841 m.a.s.l, agricultural campaign 2003-2004. The purpose of the study was to determine and compare the fenological stages (germination, growth, leafing, and harvesting), hypocotyl yield (dry and fresh), classification of the hypocotyl (diameter, length, etc.), and the economical evaluation as well. The experiment set up was installed in the lower region of the community, dedicated to agriculture, performing all the aforementioned activities together for the period of a year. The experimental design was of Random blocking test, having three types of Maca (lepidium mevenni Walp.): yellow, purple, and cream , five levels of ovine manure ( 0.0, 2.5, 7.5, and 10.0 tn/ha), distributed in the four blocks, 15 treatments, 60 experimental units, with a planting density of 3 kg/ha, and a total area of 300 m². According to the results, it is recommended to plant the cream, and the yellow ecotype of Maca, due to their positive development under the conditions of the soil, and climate of the zone. The cream ecotype under the effect of 7.5 tn/ha of ovine manure (a3b3) had a yield of 8055.06 kg/ha in 238 days (8 months) , with a rentability index of 3.75. In comparison, the purple ecotype with a 0.0 tn/ha of ovine manure (a2b1) had a yield of 4319.55 kg/ha, and a rentability index of 1.74 in eight months. The cream ecotype with 7.5 tn/ha of ovine manure, presented the best behavior under local conditions (climate, soil, and handling), the yield and rentability index were superior to the other treatments; therefore, it is recommended to implement a production plan in the sector according to the results obtained from the study.

A maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers) é uma planta herbácea bienal da família Brassicae, cultivada principalmente na região dos Andes da América do Sul. A parte subterrânea vem sendo consumida por muito tempo devido a seu valor nutricional e energético, mas é mais conhecida no mercado peruano e internacional por alegadas propriedades terapêuticas. Esta raiz apresenta até 76% de carboidratos, dos quais 30% é amido. Este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar: as propriedades físico-químicas e funcionais do amido isolado; os parâmetros enzimáticos durante o armazenamento e a purificação parcial de enzimas amilolíticas. Em relação às propriedades do amido, este apresentou um teor de amilose de 20% valor semelhante aos encontrados em raízes e tubérculos similares. A turbidez das suspensões de amido apresentou estabilidade durante o armazenamento. A temperatura de gelatinização e a viscosidade da pasta foram a 45,7° e 46°C, respectivamente. Com base nos dados obtidos, o amido de maca seria indicado para alimentos que requeiram temperaturas moderadas no processamento, não sendo apropriado para o emprego em alimentos congelados. Os parâmetros enzimáticos medidos tais como teor de amido total, teor de açúcares solúveis, atividade amilolítica total, atividade de α e β amilases, não mostraram diferenças significativas entre as medidas durante um período de armazenamento de 16 dias. As microscopias eletrônicas de varredura (MEV) dos grânulos de amido mostraram grãos íntegros com superfícies lisas, com algumas depressões ao redor dos grânulos os quais poderiam indicar o inicio de ataque enzimático, ou fraturas na purificação. Em relação à purificação de enzimas amilolíticas, foi possível separar uma fração ativa com a carboximetilcelulose (CMC) seguida de cromatografia liquida de alta resolução (CLAE) que permitiu a separação de duas frações protéicas, analisadas por eletroforese SDS-PAGE e eletroforese bidimensional (2D). Os polipeptídeos identificados no gel 2D apresentaram massa molecular semelhante entre 22 a 27 kDa, e os pontos isoelétricos entre 4,8 e 7,3. / Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers) is a biennial herbaceous plant from Brassicae family, grown mainly in the Andes of South America. The underground part has been consumed for a long time due to its nutritional value and energy, but is best known in the Peruvian and international market for alleged therapeutic properties. This root has up to 76% carbohydrates, of which 30% is starch. This work aimed to study: the physico-chemical properties of isolated starch, the enzymatic parameters during storage and partial purification of amylases. In relation to the properties of starch, the amylose content showed a 20% value similar to those found in roots and tubers alike. The turbidity of starch suspensions was stable during storage. The gelatinization temperature and viscosity of the paste were 45.7 ° and 46 ° C, respectively. Based on data obtained from the starch of litter would be given to foods that require moderate temperatures in processing and is not suitable for use in frozen foods. The enzymatic parameters measured such as total starch content, soluble sugars, total amylolytic activity, activity of α and β amylases, showed no significant differences between the measures over a storage period of 16 days. Electronic microscopy (SEM) of starch granules showed grains with smooth surfaces, with some depressions around the granules which could indicate the beginning of enzymatic attack, or fractures in the purification. Regarding the purification of amylases was possible to separate an active fraction with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) followed by high-resolution liquid chromatography (HPLC) which allowed the separation of two protein fractions, analyzed by SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D ). The polypeptides had a molecular mass between 22 and 27 kDa and isoelectric points ranging from 4.8 to 7.3.

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor / Evalúa el efecto protector y antioxidante de la maca en el aparato reproductor de ratas macho diabéticas. Para ello analiza la capacidad antioxidante in vitro del extracto acuoso de la maca negra, determina el efecto hipoglicemiante del extracto acuoso de maca negra, valora los efectos antioxidantes del consumo oral del extrato acuoso de maca en el testículo y el epidídimo de ratas inducidas a diabetes, y examina el efecto protector del consumo del extracto acuoso de maca negra en la histoarquitectura del testículo y a nivel de fragmentación de ADN en espermatozoides de epidídimo de ratas diabéticas. / Tesis

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GeovanyPGD.pdf: 1787770 bytes, checksum: c8df50f7d51101a4c3cc2bdd4d9910ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The objective of the current piece of research is to reflect upon the diverse changes that have occurred in the social and spatial dynamics of the Maca?ba fair in the period between 1960 and 2006. During the second half of the 19th century, Maca?ba had in the commerce one of this principle economic base a contribution for which the city became one of the main commercial warehouses of the East coast of the Rio Grande do Norte region. This helped lead to the growth of Maca?ba s fair, which proved to be one of the most important existing in the state until the 1970 s. In the last two decades of the 20th century, certain elements represented challenges to the fair at Maca?ba. These challenges stimulated substantial changes in the fair s dynamics which include the growth and expansion of the commercial and service sector, primarily though supermarkets; consolidation among the commercial and distribution networks, represented by the Central Office of Supply of the Rio Grande do Norte S/A (Ceasa/RN), by the wholesale and refrigeration companies; and the modernization of transportation methods, which permitted an expanded reach for these networks. Even with all these changes, the fair continues to be one of the strongest aspects of the city being the center of resistance against the surge of new forms of commerce and consumption in the city (notable the supermarkets) and the diffusion of other aspects of globalization. The fair has economic importance, as it offers a popular marketplace for the commercialization of very different products and a means for supplying goods to the residents of the city and the rural communities of Maca?ba and the surrounding municipalities; and socio-cultural importance in that the fair is a place where popular tradition is expressed, a place where a great number of parallel activities occur, a place for meeting again and again, of conversations, of manifestations of culture and art, and of socialization in all of its dimensions / O presente trabalho de pesquisa objetiva fazer uma reflex?o sobre as diversas modifica??es ocorridas na din?mica socioespacial da feira de Maca?ba no per?odo compreendido entre 1960 e 2006. Durante a segunda metade do s?culo XIX, Maca?ba teve no com?rcio uma das principais bases econ?micas o que contribuiu para que a cidade fosse o principal entreposto comercial do litoral leste do Rio Grande Norte. Esta condi??o propiciou o surgimento de sua feira, a qual se destacou como uma das principais existentes no estado at? por volta da d?cada 1970. Nas ?ltimas duas d?cadas do s?culo XX, alguns elementos representaram fatores de concorr?ncia para a feira de Maca?ba, o que possibilitou modifica??es substanciais na sua din?mica, dentre os quais se destacam: o crescimento e a expans?o do setor de com?rcio e de servi?os, atrav?s principalmente dos supermercados; a consolida??o das redes de comercializa??o e distribui??o, representado pela Central de Abastecimento do Rio Grande do Norte S.A(Ceasa/RN), pelas empresas atacadistas e pelos frigor?ficos; e, a moderniza??o dos meios de transportes, que permitiu uma expans?o do alcance espacial dessas redes. Mesmo com todas essas mudan?as, a feira ainda permanece como um dos tra?os mais marcantes da din?mica da cidade sendo um l?cus de resist?ncia frente ao surgimento de novas formas de com?rcio e de consumo na cidade (notadamente dos supermercados) e a difus?o de outros vetores da globaliza??o. A feira possui uma import?ncia econ?mica, pois s?o mercados peri?dicos populares destinados ? comercializa??o dos mais diferentes produtos e ao abastecimento da popula??o residente na cidade e nas comunidades rurais de Maca?ba e de outros munic?pios pr?ximos; e sociocultural na medida que a feira ? o lugar onde se expressa com mais for?a a tradi??o popular, o lugar onde se realizam um grande n?mero de atividades paralelas, o lugar dos encontros e reencontros, das conversas, das manifesta??es culturais e art?sticas, da sociabilidade em todas as suas dimens?es

A maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers) é uma planta herbácea bienal da família Brassicae, cultivada principalmente na região dos Andes da América do Sul. A parte subterrânea vem sendo consumida por muito tempo devido a seu valor nutricional e energético, mas é mais conhecida no mercado peruano e internacional por alegadas propriedades terapêuticas. Esta raiz apresenta até 76% de carboidratos, dos quais 30% é amido. Este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar: as propriedades físico-químicas e funcionais do amido isolado; os parâmetros enzimáticos durante o armazenamento e a purificação parcial de enzimas amilolíticas. Em relação às propriedades do amido, este apresentou um teor de amilose de 20% valor semelhante aos encontrados em raízes e tubérculos similares. A turbidez das suspensões de amido apresentou estabilidade durante o armazenamento. A temperatura de gelatinização e a viscosidade da pasta foram a 45,7° e 46°C, respectivamente. Com base nos dados obtidos, o amido de maca seria indicado para alimentos que requeiram temperaturas moderadas no processamento, não sendo apropriado para o emprego em alimentos congelados. Os parâmetros enzimáticos medidos tais como teor de amido total, teor de açúcares solúveis, atividade amilolítica total, atividade de α e β amilases, não mostraram diferenças significativas entre as medidas durante um período de armazenamento de 16 dias. As microscopias eletrônicas de varredura (MEV) dos grânulos de amido mostraram grãos íntegros com superfícies lisas, com algumas depressões ao redor dos grânulos os quais poderiam indicar o inicio de ataque enzimático, ou fraturas na purificação. Em relação à purificação de enzimas amilolíticas, foi possível separar uma fração ativa com a carboximetilcelulose (CMC) seguida de cromatografia liquida de alta resolução (CLAE) que permitiu a separação de duas frações protéicas, analisadas por eletroforese SDS-PAGE e eletroforese bidimensional (2D). Os polipeptídeos identificados no gel 2D apresentaram massa molecular semelhante entre 22 a 27 kDa, e os pontos isoelétricos entre 4,8 e 7,3. / Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers) is a biennial herbaceous plant from Brassicae family, grown mainly in the Andes of South America. The underground part has been consumed for a long time due to its nutritional value and energy, but is best known in the Peruvian and international market for alleged therapeutic properties. This root has up to 76% carbohydrates, of which 30% is starch. This work aimed to study: the physico-chemical properties of isolated starch, the enzymatic parameters during storage and partial purification of amylases. In relation to the properties of starch, the amylose content showed a 20% value similar to those found in roots and tubers alike. The turbidity of starch suspensions was stable during storage. The gelatinization temperature and viscosity of the paste were 45.7 ° and 46 ° C, respectively. Based on data obtained from the starch of litter would be given to foods that require moderate temperatures in processing and is not suitable for use in frozen foods. The enzymatic parameters measured such as total starch content, soluble sugars, total amylolytic activity, activity of α and β amylases, showed no significant differences between the measures over a storage period of 16 days. Electronic microscopy (SEM) of starch granules showed grains with smooth surfaces, with some depressions around the granules which could indicate the beginning of enzymatic attack, or fractures in the purification. Regarding the purification of amylases was possible to separate an active fraction with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) followed by high-resolution liquid chromatography (HPLC) which allowed the separation of two protein fractions, analyzed by SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D ). The polypeptides had a molecular mass between 22 and 27 kDa and isoelectric points ranging from 4.8 to 7.3.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito analizar la situación actual de la oferta exportable para el proceso de exportación de la Asociación de productores de maca (Apromaca) de la provincia de Junín, Perú. En el primer capítulo, marco teórico, se muestra los antecedentes, descripción del producto y bases teóricas de asociatividad, exportación y oferta exportable (capacidad física, capacidad económica-financiera y capacidad de gestión). En el segundo capítulo, plan de investigación, se describe la situación actual de los agricultores del Perú y su participación en las exportaciones, síntomas y causas de los problemas que les impiden exportar. Finalmente, se plantea el problema, los objetivos y las hipótesis. En el tercer capítulo, metodología de trabajo, la investigación según su naturaleza es cuantitativa. Es de alcance descriptivo y correlacional ya que se describe los perfiles de los productores de maca y halla la relación entre los componentes de las variables. Posteriormente se encuestó a 50 productores de maca pertenecientes a Apromaca. En el cuarto capítulo, se explica el desarrollo de la estructura de la encuesta y su procedimiento para su aplicación. En el quinto capítulo, análisis de los resultados, se muestran los resultados obtenidos de Excel y SPSS. En las conclusiones y recomendaciones, se expone que los actuales productores de maca no tienen suficientes capacidad física, económica-financieras y de gestión para poder exportar. Sin embargo, se puede desarrollar esas capacidades en los hijos quienes se encuentran dispuestos a aprender y emprender en las exportaciones. / The purpose of this research work is to analyze the current situation of the exportable supply for the export process of the Maca Producers Association (Apromaca) of the province of Junín, Peru. In the first chapter, the theoretical framework, it shows the background, description of the product and theoretical bases of related concepts such as associativity, export and exportable supply (physical capacity, economic- financial capacity and management capacity). The second chapter shows the research plan that describes the current situation of farmers in Peru and their participation in exports, then the symptoms and causes of the problems that prevent them from exporting. Finally, the problem, the objectives and the hypotheses are raised. In the third chapter, work methodology, research according to its nature is quantitative. It is descriptive and correlative in that it describes the profiles of maca producers and finds the relationship between the components of the variables. Subsequently, 50 maca producers belonging to Apromaca were surveyed. In the fourth chapter, the development of the structure of the survey and its procedure for its application is explained. In the fifth chapter, analysis of the results, the results obtained from Excel and SPSS are shown. Finally in the conclusions and recommendations, it is exposed that the current maca producers do not have enough physical, economic-financial and management capacity to be able to export. However, these capacities can be developed in their children who are willing to learn and undertake in exports. / Tesis