Esta tesis doctoral examina la representación de la masculinidad y la identidad nacional en las novelas de Larry McMurtry Lonesome Dove y en las de James Welch Fools Crow y The Heartsong of Charging Elk. Uno de los temas de estudio principales es el encuentro con el Otro, argumentándose que esta confrontación ha posibilitado la creación de un ideal de masculinidad en el héroe del género del Western a la vez que ha facilitado la supresión de la masculinidad tradicional del indio americano. El estudio pone de manifiesto las serias consequencias que el mito del Oeste ha tenido en la masculinidad americana, consecuencias que no se ciñen al plano narrativo sino que trascienden a la vida real donde el imaginario colectivo americano continúa considerando que los mitos del Oeste forman parte esencial de la identidad masculina. El capítulo uno justifica el por qué del estudio comparativo de las obras mencionadas. Investiga además la construcción de la masculinidad hegemónica en la figura narrativa del vaquero americano, así como la conexión entre identidad nacional americana y masculinidad hegemónica. El capítulo dos analiza la presencia del Oeste histórico en la narrativa de Larry McMurtry y James Welch, evaluando la perceptión de la realidad histórica de los dos autores en su obra de no ficción antes de que éstos conviertan los hechos históricos en material para sus novelas. El capítulo tres analiza la naturaleza ambigua de los protagonistas de Lonesome Dove así como los problemas con los que se encuentra el autor a la hora de evidenciar el código masculinista del género del Western. En este capítulo también se somete a estudio el código de fraternidad masculina y la apropiación de la masculinidad del indio americano, procesos que llevan a perfilar la identidad nacional del vaquero americano.Por último, el capítulo cuatro estudia la reconceptualización de la masculinidad tradicional del indio americano en Fools Crow y The Heartsong of Charging Elk y las reflexiones del autor sobre el indio americano urbano y sobre conceptos como el indigenismo. / This doctoral dissertation examines the representation of masculinity and national identity in Larry McMurtry's Lonesome Dove and James Welch's Fools Crow and The Heartsong of Charging Elk. It particularly considers the meeting with the external Other and how this confrontation has shaped the construction of certain masculinity ideals for the Western hero and erased traditional notions of masculinity for the Native American male. The study points at the devastating consequences that the myth of the West has had on American masculinity. This is not only restricted to a narrative level but transcends to the real life sphere where the collective imaginarium still regards the foundational myths of the West as constitutive part of the American male identity. Chapter one states the reasons why a comparative analysis of the novels offers a new perspective on the subject of conflicting masculinity. It also examines the construction of hegemonic masculinity in the cowboy figure as well as the connection between American national identity and hegemonic manhood.Chapter two assesses the accuracy of the historical West portrayed in Larry McMurtry and James Welch's narratives. It focuses on some of their non-fictional work to consider their perception of historical facts before they are diluted in their fictionalized world. Chapter three discusses the conflicting nature of McMurtry's cowboy protagonists in Lonesome Dove as well as the problems the author runs into when exposing the masculinist code of the Western genre. It also deals with the subject of appropriated Native American manhood and fraternal bonding as a means to shape the cowboy's national identity. Finally, chapter four considers Welch's reconceptualization of traditional Native American masculinity as well as his reflections about indigenousness and the urban Native American.

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The purpose of this research was twofold; a quantitative examination of male socialization patterns along with an assessment of change over time in male socialization experiences. Men born in the 1950s and men born in the 1970s were compared to obtain an understanding of male socialization processes and possible changes since feminist issues have become a prevalent source of discourse in society. A survey questionnaire was utilized with a modified snowball sampling technique to explore male socialization experience. One hundred and one men participated in the project. Socialization experience for the men in this sample was five dimensional and while certain dimensions revealed change over time, others remained static. Findings indicate that quantitative measures can be successfully employed to study socialization processes.

ENGLISH SUMMARY The main objective of this thesis was to provide a complex perspective on the mutual relationship of gender and media in the age of post-modernity with a special attention to the stereotypical gender portrayal presented to us by the contemporary Czech advertising discourse. We chose to demonstrate this problematics through the methods of semiotic analysis on the analytical sample of 5 advertisements (consisting of selected TV commercials) representing various aspects of stereotypical gender images appearing in the today's Czech advertising contents. We then subjected these selected advertisements to the analytical methods in pursuit of finding the answers to the questions related to the media image of men, women and our society that the stereotypical gender depictions contained in these advertisements help to construct. Although many of these advertisements appear to be openly sexist or even misogynic on the first sight, using the mechanisms of semiotic analysis we came to a rather opposite conclusion proposing the analyzed contents are rather pro-feminine tending toward an extensive masculine critique. This result, however, is based mainly on the mechanisms of oppositional reading of the subjected texts. On the other hand, it is presumable that the "average media consumer" not having access...