Les pratiques religieuses des personnes d’origine indienne à l’île de La Réunion, ancienne colonie française, présentent une originalité. De nombreuses familles se revendiquent à la fois du catholicisme et de l’hindouisme. Cette situation relève-t-elle d’une accommodation de l’hindouisme au catholicisme, où d’une ancienne domination d’un culte sur l’autre ? Les précédents travaux réalisés sur cette question mettent en avant les excès commis par des prêtres catholiques à l'encontre des immigrants indiens durant la période de l’engagisme, du milieu du XIXe siècle au début du XXe siècle. Ces travaux, initiés durant la décennie 1980, avancent la thèse d’une persécution de l’Église sur les Indiens, aboutissant à la « double pratique », conséquence directe supposée de ces excès. Cette thèse entend réexaminer les arguments avancés, et tente d’analyser la situation religieuse des engagés indiens durant cette période. Les éléments sont étudiés au prisme du monde social et religieux au XIXe siècle. Dans une perspective comparatiste, la situation d’autres diasporas, comme l’île Maurice, est questionnée, de même que la question des religions dans le contexte national. L’évolution des relations entre l’Église et le Pouvoir durant la troisième République est abordée. Si leur proximité est certaine au début de la colonisation, ces liens restent très forts même après la Révolution, mais l’action des républicains en France hexagonale et dans les colonies a des conséquences la position du catholicisme. La vitalité des cultes hindouistes sur les plantations sucrières, la présence de nombreux engagés issus des comptoirs français de Pondichéry, région ayant connu une forte activité missionnaire au XIXe siècle, les interactions entre les différents cultes sur ces territoires sont autant de facteurs qui nous permettent d’aborder la question sous l’angle des échanges et des contacts entre les religions. Ceux-ci ont lieu bien avant le XIXe en Inde et dans les Mascareignes, leur étude au XVIIIe siècle apporte un éclairage sur l’adhésion aux deux sphères religieuses par les Indiens de La Réunion. À partir de ces nouvelles perspectives, et à contre-courant de la thèse diffusée dans les années 1980, la population d’origine indienne de La Réunion est présentée au XIXe siècle comme actrice de son intégration à la société créole, et du processus historique à l’œuvre dans ses pratiques religieuses. / The religious practices of people of Indian origin in Reunion Island, former French colony, get an originality. Many families claim to belong both from Catholicism and Hinduism. Is this situation stem from an accommodation of Hinduism to Catholicism, or from an old domination of one cult on the other? Previous works on this issue highlight the excesses committed by Catholic priests against Indian immigrants during the indenture period, from the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. These works, initiated during the 1980s, advance the argument of a persecution of the Church on the Indians, leading to the "double religious practice", a direct consequence of these supposed excesses. This PhD thesis intends to reexamine the arguments put forward, and tries to analyze the religious situation of the indentured Indian during this period. The elements are studied through the prism of the social and religious world in the nineteenth century. In a comparative perspective, the situation of other diasporas, such as Mauritius, is questioned, as is the question of religions in the national context. The evolution of relations between the Church and the Power during the Third French Republic is discussed. Although their proximity is certain at the beginning of the colonization, these links remain very strong even after the French Revolution, but the action of the Republicans in mainland France and in the colonies impacts the position of Catholicism. The vitality of the worship of the Hindu working in the sugar plantations, the presence of many indentured labourers from the “Comptoir français” of Pondicherry, a region which boasted a strong Catholic missionaries activity in the nineteenth century, the interactions between the different worships on these territories are all factors that allow us to address the question from the angle of interactions and contacts between religions. These take place way before the 19th century in India and the Mascarenes. Their study in the eighteenth century shed light on the adhesion to both religious spheres by the Indians of Reunion Island. From these new perspectives, running counter to the theses released in the 1980s, the population of Indian origin of Reunion Island is presented in the nineteenth century as a development actor of its integration into the Creole society, and of the historical religious practices process.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No contexto da expansão ultramarina portuguesa no Oriente, a região do Maduré, localizada ao sul da Índia, também vivenciou a experiência política e, principalmente, religiosa a partir da presença da Companhia de Jesus nesse espaço. Em 1596, o jesuíta português Gonçalo Fernandes Trancoso tornou-se responsável por cuidar da comunidade cristã existente no Maduré, ganhando como companheiro de missão, em 1606, o jesuíta italiano Roberto de Nobili. A presente dissertação tem por objetivo central promover uma análise acerca das atuações missionárias dos jesuítas Gonçalo Fernandes Trancoso e Roberto de Nobili na missão do Maduré, no início do século XVII. Seus trabalhos missionários podem ser compreendidos a partir do estudo de suas narrativas sobre os costumes e práticas bramânicas, sendo possível identificar, para além das diferentes estratégias de conversão utilizadas por ambos inacianos, o modo como estes articularam seus conhecimentos sobre a sociedade indiana e o hinduísmo com o desenvolvimento de um projeto de conversão. Assim, destaca-se a falta homogeneidade no interior da Companhia de Jesus no que toca a práticas e métodos missionários. / This research has as its starting point the Ofício of the Baianas de Acarajé his title of Cultural Heritage of Brazil received in 2004. The central focus is to understand the baianas de acarajé as historical subjects that articulate different ways to value their office beyond institutional valuation. Therefore, we present two institutions that represent the baianas de acarajé : the Federação Nacional de Culto-Afro Brasileiro (FENACAB), to a lesser extent, and the Associação das Baianas de Acarajé Mingau, Receptivos e Similares in the State of Bahia ( ABAM ), the latter more active . Through the methodology of participant observation fieldwork was conducted primarily in the city of Salvador. The objective is to present and discuss the construction of narratives of baiana de acarajé based on the development of the arguments justifying the office as a cultural reference. Understand the office as a black african - heritage linked to Brazilian religiosity.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No contexto da expansão ultramarina portuguesa no Oriente, a região do Maduré, localizada ao sul da Índia, também vivenciou a experiência política e, principalmente, religiosa a partir da presença da Companhia de Jesus nesse espaço. Em 1596, o jesuíta português Gonçalo Fernandes Trancoso tornou-se responsável por cuidar da comunidade cristã existente no Maduré, ganhando como companheiro de missão, em 1606, o jesuíta italiano Roberto de Nobili. A presente dissertação tem por objetivo central promover uma análise acerca das atuações missionárias dos jesuítas Gonçalo Fernandes Trancoso e Roberto de Nobili na missão do Maduré, no início do século XVII. Seus trabalhos missionários podem ser compreendidos a partir do estudo de suas narrativas sobre os costumes e práticas bramânicas, sendo possível identificar, para além das diferentes estratégias de conversão utilizadas por ambos inacianos, o modo como estes articularam seus conhecimentos sobre a sociedade indiana e o hinduísmo com o desenvolvimento de um projeto de conversão. Assim, destaca-se a falta homogeneidade no interior da Companhia de Jesus no que toca a práticas e métodos missionários. / This research has as its starting point the Ofício of the Baianas de Acarajé his title of Cultural Heritage of Brazil received in 2004. The central focus is to understand the baianas de acarajé as historical subjects that articulate different ways to value their office beyond institutional valuation. Therefore, we present two institutions that represent the baianas de acarajé : the Federação Nacional de Culto-Afro Brasileiro (FENACAB), to a lesser extent, and the Associação das Baianas de Acarajé Mingau, Receptivos e Similares in the State of Bahia ( ABAM ), the latter more active . Through the methodology of participant observation fieldwork was conducted primarily in the city of Salvador. The objective is to present and discuss the construction of narratives of baiana de acarajé based on the development of the arguments justifying the office as a cultural reference. Understand the office as a black african - heritage linked to Brazilian religiosity.