The magnetic properties, coercivity, Hc, and weight-specific magnetic saturation, CoM, are two important quality characteristics in cemented carbides and ceramic metals, cermets. These properties give information about grain size and binder phase content, and are influenced by the different stages in the sintering process. This master thesis aim to investigate how the magnetic properties in cemented carbides are influenced by the top temperature during sintering and how the sintering processes used for cermets can be optimized in order to gain better magnetic properties in the final products. During the first part of the project, the temperature range investigated was 1380°C–1520°C. The results indicate that Hc in cemented carbides has a strong temperature dependence, where increasing top temperature results in lower Hc. In order to have approval limits for the furnace control pieces that follow the process directives, the limits used today need to become narrower. Furthermore, the results show that CoM also has a temperature dependence, although not as strongly as Hc. During the second part of the project, already existing data of the magnetic properties in four different cermet grades were evaluated. The results indicate that the two sintering processes used in the DDK furnace are generating too high results in Hc and CoM. Optimization tests were conducted and changes implemented in order to gain better results, where the DJ1430 process now has an increased time during the solid state sintering and the DF1480 process now has an increased time during the liquid phase sintering.

O presente trabalho trata do estudo e análise da influência da saturação magnética no torque de uma máquina síncrona com ímã permanente no rotor. A máquina síncrona em es-tudo trata-se de uma máquina cuja forma de onda de força contra eletromotriz é trapezoidal. Inicialmente é feito um estudo sobre os efeitos da saturação magnética nos três principais parâmetros da máquina, indutância de fase, relutância (vista pelo circuito que tem como fonte de fluxo magnético os ímãs permanentes) e a força contra eletromotriz. Em seguida, realiza-se um estudo sobre o torque eletromagnético para a máquina e a importância dos parâmetros estudados, demonstrando a forte dependência da qualidade do torque com estes parâmetros. Com base nos estudos sobre saturação e torque, objetiva-se, portanto, descrever o comportamento de cada um dos parâmetros quando da saturação da máquina e quanto/como cada um deles afeta o torque eletromagnético da máquina. A fim de se estudar cada componente do torque separadamente, avalia-se a máquina por meio do Método da Permeabilidade Fixa. Por fim, faz-se simulações em elementos finitos empregando o método apresentado e os resultados são analisados. / This work deals with the influence of magnetic saturation on torque of permanent mag-net synchronous machine. At first, a study of magnetic saturation is carried out in order to understand its influence on three main machines parameters, phase inductance, magnet re-luctance and back electromotive force. A study describing the electric torque and its compo-nents is carried out. This study explain the importance of each machines parameter on electric torques smoothness and amplitude. In order to investigate and describe each torques com-ponent, a review on Frozen Permeability Method is developed. At last, some simulation by means of finite element method with Frozen Permeability Method are carried out. The results are shown and analyzed.

O presente trabalho trata do estudo e análise da influência da saturação magnética no torque de uma máquina síncrona com ímã permanente no rotor. A máquina síncrona em es-tudo trata-se de uma máquina cuja forma de onda de força contra eletromotriz é trapezoidal. Inicialmente é feito um estudo sobre os efeitos da saturação magnética nos três principais parâmetros da máquina, indutância de fase, relutância (vista pelo circuito que tem como fonte de fluxo magnético os ímãs permanentes) e a força contra eletromotriz. Em seguida, realiza-se um estudo sobre o torque eletromagnético para a máquina e a importância dos parâmetros estudados, demonstrando a forte dependência da qualidade do torque com estes parâmetros. Com base nos estudos sobre saturação e torque, objetiva-se, portanto, descrever o comportamento de cada um dos parâmetros quando da saturação da máquina e quanto/como cada um deles afeta o torque eletromagnético da máquina. A fim de se estudar cada componente do torque separadamente, avalia-se a máquina por meio do Método da Permeabilidade Fixa. Por fim, faz-se simulações em elementos finitos empregando o método apresentado e os resultados são analisados. / This work deals with the influence of magnetic saturation on torque of permanent mag-net synchronous machine. At first, a study of magnetic saturation is carried out in order to understand its influence on three main machines parameters, phase inductance, magnet re-luctance and back electromotive force. A study describing the electric torque and its compo-nents is carried out. This study explain the importance of each machines parameter on electric torques smoothness and amplitude. In order to investigate and describe each torques com-ponent, a review on Frozen Permeability Method is developed. At last, some simulation by means of finite element method with Frozen Permeability Method are carried out. The results are shown and analyzed.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-02-12T12:25:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Francisco de Oliveira Neto - 2015.pdf: 6608686 bytes, checksum: 00be4069bc90036c589c6c3fa9131408 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-16T06:42:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Francisco de Oliveira Neto - 2015.pdf: 6608686 bytes, checksum: 00be4069bc90036c589c6c3fa9131408 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-16T06:42:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Francisco de Oliveira Neto - 2015.pdf: 6608686 bytes, checksum: 00be4069bc90036c589c6c3fa9131408 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-12 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Multiferroic materials that simultaneously exhibit two or more physical properties have increasingly raised the interest of the scientific and technological community to develop new multifunctional materials. The discuss all stages of manufacturing, morphological, structural and magnetic characterization of a multifunctional composite containing zinc oxide and cobalt ferrite. Thus, studies of ZnO, and the CoFe2O4 composite (0,80ZnO+0,20 CoFe2O4) initiated by the synthesis of nanosized powders by combustion reaction phases were performed. The compounds studied were sintered at different temperatures (1100 to 1250°C) to obtain relative density near to 90% of the theoretical density. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy, spectroscopy energy dispersive, vibrating sample magnometry and diffraction ray-X were made. Measurements of magnetic properties were conducted at room temperature (22°C) and high temperature (22°C to 700°C). In the samples, formation of ceramic structures was verified, the stoichiometry of the proposed chemical compounds was maintained and possibly the formation of a mixed zinc and cobalt ferrite to composite samples. In the sample of the composite sintered at 1250°C there was the formation of cubic zinc oxide. The magnetic behavior and magnetic anisotropy of the samples were similar, however, significant differences were observed in the values of the Curie temperature, coercive field, can assume different origins for the magnetic CoFe2O4 and the composite (0,80ZnO+0,20CoFe2O4) due, perhaps to the formation of a mixed ferrite. / Materiais multiferróicos que exibem simultaneamente duas ou mais propriedades físicas têm cada vez mais suscitado o interesse da comunidade científica e tecnológica para o desenvolvimento de novos materiais multifuncionais. Objetivou-se discutir todas as etapas de fabricação e caracterização morfológica, estrutural e magnética de um compósito multifuncional contendo óxido de zinco e ferrita de cobalto. Assim, foram realizados estudos sobre as fases das amostras de ZnO, CoFe2O4 e o compósito (0,80ZnO+0,20CoFe2O4) iniciados pela síntese de pós nanométricos por via de reação de combustão. Os compostos estudados foram sinterizados em diferentes temperaturas (1100 e 1250°C) obtendo densidades relativas próximas a 90% das densidades teóricas. Foram efetuadas análises por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia de energia dispersiva, difratometria de raio-X e magnometria de amostra vibrante. As medidas de propriedades magnéticas foram realizadas à temperatura ambiente (22°C) e em função da temperaturas (22°C à 700°C) (altas temperaturas). Em todas as amostras estudadas foi verificada a formação de estruturas cerâmicas, mantendo a estequiometria dos compostos químicos propostos e possivelmente a formação de uma ferrita mista de zinco e cobalto para as amostras do compósito. Para a amostra do compósito sinterizada a 1250°C verificou-se também a formação de óxido de zinco cúbico. O comportamento magnético e a anisotropia magnética das amostras foram similares, entretanto diferenças significativas foram observadas nos valores obtidos da temperatura de Curie, do campo coercitivo e do momento magnético total, podendo supor origens magnéticas diferentes para o CoFe2O4 e o compósito de 0,80ZnO+0,20CoFe2O4 devido a formação de uma ferrita mista.

This dissertation contains a comprehensive analysis of both non-coupled and mutually coupled switched reluctance motors with concentrated windings for an electric bicycle traction application. Multiple pole configurations are analyzed and compared for each motor type. Includes magnetic design, thermal analysis, and structural analysis. A prototype is designed, manufactured, and validated. / This thesis discusses the design of both a conventional non-coupled switched reluctance motor (CSRM) and a mutually-coupled SRM (MCSRM) for an exterior rotor e-bike application. Several novel pole configurations were analyzed for each machine type, and the performance of the final CSRM and MCSRM designs were compared for this application. A commercially available e-bike permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) was purchased, reverse engineered, and validated to define the geometry constraints and performance targets for the designs. Since switched reluctance motors do not use rare-earth permanent magnets, they are often seen as a potential low-cost alternative to permanent magnet machines. The goal of this research is to explain the relative advantages of CSRMs and MCSRMs when compared to PMSM machines for a direct-drive e-bike application. The final CSRM and MCSRM designs are analyzed in detail; electromagnetic, controls, thermal, and structural considerations are all studied. A prototype of the final CSRM design was manufactured and validated experimentally, using a dynamometer setup. The finalized CSRM design is shown to be competitive with the PMSM machine when considering torque output, and is superior in terms of peak efficiency, and high speed torque performance. However, the CSRM noise output and torque ripple were not compared to the PMSM, and a less-common asymmetric-bridge converter is required for the CSRM, which may hinder the ability for the machine to be implemented into existing e-bike packages. The high speed torque performance of the MCSRM is shown to be inferior to both the CSRM and PMSM, as is the torque quality and efficiency. The MCSRM is shown to be highly resistant to saturation which gives it the potential for high torque output at low speed (if thermal limits are not breached), though low saturation levels also contribute to low machine power factor. The MCSRM may be better suited to lower speed, high torque applications, for this reason. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis studies the design process and analysis of two different motor types, for an electric bicycle application. They are designed to replace a commercially available permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This type of motor is typically expensive due to the rare-earth magnet material it requires. The two motors discussed in this thesis are switched reluctance motors (SRMs), which do not require magnet material, and thus have the potential to save cost (in addition to other benefits). One of the SRMs has magnetic fields that are independently controlled (CSRM), and one has fields that are controlled together to produce torque (MCSRM). The magnetics, control, thermal, and structural aspects of the CSRM and MCSRM are studied in detail. Novel geometry considerations (i.e. novel pole configurations) which impact the magnetics of each machine are compared to find the best-performing configuration for each machine type.

This work deals with creation of an exact mathematical model of a traction drive with low-voltage induction machine (28 V) which is fed from accumulators. This model was developed in MATLAB – Simulink and consists of induction machine model, inverter model and load model. Vector Control was added to models connected together. This complex model allows considering many effects into simulations. These effects are commonly neglected, although they have significant influence on drive behaviour, especially by using low-voltage machine. It is impact of magnetic circuit saturation, impact of temperature and skin effect on winding resistance, impact of inverter nonlinearities such as on-state voltage drops on switching elements, dead times and transistors switching times. The attention was paid to determination of losses in drive parts. The correctness of the model was verified at laboratory workplace established for this purpose. The laboratory drive can be controlled by a microprocessor or by using MATLAB and dSPACE application. The influence of compensations of inverter nonlinearities and DC-link voltage ripple on higher harmonics of inverter output currents was analyzed. Furthermore, the control, which decreased resistive losses, was solved.

Metallic glasses produced with Selective Laser Melting (SLM) often contain internal mechanic stress. This internal stress can have an impact on the magnetic properties of the material due to its connection to the magnetic anisotropy of the material. Therefore the effect of different heat treatments aimed to reduce the effect of internal stress on the magnetic properties of an Fe-based Metallic Glass (MG) and how this relates to the crystallization of the material was examined in this project. The magnetic properties were measured with a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and the Longitudinal Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect (L-MOKE) and structural changes to the material from the heat treatments, such as crystallization, was examined with X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD) before and after heat treatment. From the measurements we found that heat treatments close to and above the crystallization temperature Tx lead to crystallization and a decrease in magnetic saturation MS. Heat treatments below Tx around 430°C showed a smaller reduction in MS but did not show any crystallization. The measurements with L-MOKE showed no consistent change in coercivity so no conclusion could be drawn from these. / Metallglas som tillverkats med den additiva tillverkningstekniken Selective Laser Melting (SLM) innehåller ofta interna mekaniska spänningar. Dessa spänningar kan på grund av deras koppling till materialets magnetiska anisotropi ha en påverkan på materialets magnetiska egenskaper. I detta projekt har därför effekten av olika värmebehandlingar utförda för att minska de interna spänningarnas påverkan på de magnetiska egenskaperna av ett Fe-baserad metallglas och hur detta relaterar till kristalliseringen av materialet undersökts. De magnetiska egenskaperna av materialet mättes med en Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) och Longitudinal Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect (L-MOKE). Strukturella förändringar, så som kristallisering, hos materialet orsakade värmebehandlingarna undersöktes med X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD). Samtliga mätningar genomfördes före och efter värmebehandling. Från mätningarna fann vi att värmebehandlingar nära kristalliseringstemperaturen Tx gav kristalltillväxt samt minskade mättnadsmagnetisering MS. Värmebehandlingar under Tx runt 430°C gav en lägre reducering av MS samt gav ej någon kristalltillväxt. L-MOKE-mätningarna gav ingen konsekvent förändring i materialets koercivitet och inga slutsatser kunde därmed dras från dessa.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une thématique de recherche prioritaire développée par le laboratoire GREAH et portant sur l’optimisation de l'efficacité énergétique des systèmes de gestion et de production de l’énergie électrique. Dans ce cadre, les performances de convertisseurs d’énergie (machines électriques pour la conversion de l'énergie électromécanique) ont un impact déterminant sur l'efficacité énergétique de la conversion et sur la qualité de gestion de l'énergie électrique en termes de rendement, de maximisation de la puissance massique, de réduction des émissions, de réduction des coûts, ce qui nécessite, par conséquent, un effort particulier de conception et de dimensionnement. L’objectif principal de cette thèse vise à développer un modèle léger permettant d’exploiter assez rapidement l’espace des solutions potentiellement optimales dans la première phase de la conception des machines synchrones à aimants permanents. Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire de thèse portent sur la modélisation électromagnétique pour le pré-dimensionnement et la conception des machines synchrones à aimants permanents intégrées dans l’éolien de fort puissance. Dans ce manuscrit, deux approches de modélisation des machines électriques ont été proposées. La modélisation par réseau de réluctances présentée consiste à découper le domaine d’étude en un certain nombre d’éléments volumiques dont chacun est décomposé en tubes de flux. La modélisation analytique hybride proposée est basée sur un couplage fort entre un réseau de réluctances généré à partir d’un maillage du domaine d’étude et une solution formelle des équations de Maxwell dans les régions de faible perméabilité (entrefer magnétique). Les résultats obtenus à partir de ces modèles sont validés par les résultats correspondants issus de la méthode des éléments finis. Pour montrer le gain obtenu en temps de calcul, les temps d’exécutions des codes de calcul sont comparés aux temps mis par le logiciel Flux. / This subject of the thesis is part of a priority research theme developed by the GREAH laboratory on the optimization of the energy efficiency of electrical energy management and production systems. In this context, the performance of energy converters (electrical machines for the conversion of electromechanical energy) have a decisive impact on the energy efficiency of the conversion and on the quality of electrical energy management in terms of efficiency, reduction of emissions, reduction of costs, which therefore requires a special effort to design. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a light model allowing to exploit fairly quickly the space of potentially optimal solutions in the first phase of machine design. The work presented in this thesis focuses on electromagnetic modeling for the pre-design of permanent magnets synchronous machines integrated into high power wind turbines. In this manuscript, two modeling approaches of electric machines have been proposed. The presented reluctance network modeling is generated from the mesh of studied domain as the finite element method. Reluctance elements are used for the mesh. The proposed hybrid analytical modeling is based on a strong coupling between a reluctances network generated from a mesh of the study domain and analytical models based on the formal solution of Maxwell’s equations in regions of low permeability (magnetic gap). This approach can help solve the problem of air-gap modeling in MEC method, and the consideration of the local magnetic saturation in modeling approaches involving analytical technique. The results obtained from these models are validated by the corresponding results from the finite element method and very good has been observed. To indicate the gain obtained in time, the execution times of the programs are compared to the times set by the Flux software.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / This work investigates the operation of three phase induction motors in field weakening and high speed regions. Maximum torque per ampère is imposed by using an indirect vector control strategy. Mathematical models that accounts for magnetic saturation is used for simulations and adjustment of controllers used in control algorithm. The driving structure is characterized by the use of VSI static converter with sinusoidal PWM switching strategy and a vector control technique based on orthogonal components. Investigations resulted in the development of a digital simulation using discrete models that turned out generic and reliable, and an experimental system using a low cost fixed point DSP platform. Simulated and experimental results are included and shown the robustness and efficiency of the proposed control system under different operating conditions. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a operação de motores de indução trifásicos em regime de enfraquecimento de campo e altas velocidades, com maximização do conjugado por ampère, através de um sistema de acionamento vetorial. Para tanto, foi utilizado uma modelagem matemática completa, por fase, que emprega o conceito de função harmônica magnética e considera as componentes, fundamental e de terceiro harmônico do fluxo de entreferro. A estrutura de acionamento caracteriza-se pela utilização de um inversor de tensão PWM senoidal e da técnica de controle vetorial, esta baseada em componentes ortogonais. A evolução do trabalho resultou no desenvolvimento de uma plataforma de simulação computacional baseada em modelos discretos que é bastante genérica e confiável, e um sistema experimental utilizando um processador digital de sinais de baixo custo com aritmética de ponto fixo. Os resultados de simulação e experimentais que avaliam a eficiência do sistema de controle proposto sob diversas condições de operação e efeitos de dessintonia são apresentados e apontam para robustez do método. / Doutor em Ciências

Actuellement, les technologies sont de plus en plus performantes. Elles progressent de jour en jour et la miniaturisation des composants est de plus en plus présente. Dans ce contexte, les structures innovantes dites intelligentes sont de plus en plus utilisées et leurs dimensions diminuent très vite. Les matériaux piézo-électriques ou électro-magnéto-élastiques ont la capacité de changer de forme lorsqu'ils sont soumis à un champ électrique ou magnétique. Ces matériaux diélectriques peuvent servir comme corps actif dans les capteurs, les transducteurs, les oscillateurs ou encore d'autres éléments actifs. D'un côté, ces matériaux actifs de très petites tailles sont utilisés dans les petits appareils et d'un autre côté, ils utilisent une forte tension électrique afin de provoquer un déplacement maximal et/ou une force d'arrêt. Les structures actives intelligentes sont exposées à différents défauts, tels que le décollement ou le délaminage. Ces défauts peuvent apparaître lors de la fabrication du matériau ou lors de sa mise en service. Les risques de rupture sont alors accrus et la durée de vie utile de la structure est par conséquent fortement diminuée. La rupture par délaminage peut être de plusieurs types : l'apparition d'une fissure dans la couche adhésive ou dans la résine, une fissure provoquée par un décollement à l'interface entre la résine et le renfort. La défaillance qu'elle soit de nature électrique ou mécanique, provoquée par un claquage électrique ou une fissure qui se propage est un problème primordial qui a une influence importante sur la performance et la fiabilité de ces matériaux. Ce travail vise à développer un modèle de fissuration en considérant des conditions aux limites physiques et des chargements externes combinés, à la fois électriques et mécaniques. Si on se réfère au cours de mécanique de la rupture linéaire, la présence d'une fissure provoque des singularités en termes de contraintes en pointe de fissure. Egalement, il est connu que le champ électrique au niveau du front de la fissure est plus grand que sa valeur critique et ceci peut être une cause de rupture diélectrique pour les matériaux céramiques piézoélectriques. La première étape de ce travail concerne la modélisation des zones de pré-fracture dans un matériel piézoélectrique dans le but de formuler un modèle sans les singularités évoquées précédemment. Les zones de chargement mécanique limite et de saturation électrique ont été introduites en pointe de fissure et les conditions des perméabilités limitées ont été introduites à la surface de la fissure. Le modèle de fissuration présenté avec deux zones de pré-fracture permet d'éliminer toutes les singularités au voisinage de la fissure. Dans les zones de pré-fracture, une distribution non homogène des déplacements électriques saturés est considérée. Les résultats contiennent les solutions analytiques et numériques de ce problème. Dans la solution numérique, le code ABAQUS a été utilisé. Dans un deuxième temps, le problème d’une série périodique de fissures est considéré pour un matériau magnéto-électro-élastique. Comme un cas limite, une seule fissure avec la condition de la perméabilité limitée est aussi étudiée. Le problème est résolu de manière exacte et des calculs numériques illustrant l'influence de différentes caractéristiques sur les paramètres de fissuration sont présentés sous forme graphique ou dans des tableaux. Egalement, l'influence de la fraction volumique piézo-électrique dans les matériaux magnéto-électro-élastiques sur les paramètres électro-magnétiques dans la région fissurée est étudiée. Enfin, l'attention est focalisée sur l'application de la zone de pré-fracture en pointe de fissure dans les matériaux magnéto-électro-élastiques. La même façon que précédemment, les zones de chargement mécanique limite et de saturation électrique ont été adoptées. Aussi, une zone analogue à une zone de saturation électrique pour le champ magnétique a été introduite. (...) / Nowadays, technologies are improving day by day and at the same high speed smart structures decrease in size. Piezoelectric or magneto-electro-elastic materials have the ability to change its shape under electric or magnetic field. These dielectrics can serve as working bodies at various sensors, transducers, oscillators, modulators and other active elements. On the one hand these active materials are used in small devices and have very small dimensions; on the other hand they use high electrical voltage in order to receive a maximal displacement and/or blocking force. The active smart structure is predisposed to different defects, like debonding and delamination. These situations may take a place during the manufacture (imperfect bounding) and service life of the active smart structure. Delamination failure can be of several types, such as: fracture within the adhesive or resin, fracture within the reinforcement and debonding of the resinfrom the reinforcement. Electric or mechanical failure, such as electrical breakdown or destruction of cracks is an important problem in performance and reliability of these materials. This work aims to develop the model of crack with physical boundary conditions under combined external loads. Consideration of any crack in the course of linear fracture mechanics initiates (creates) singularities in stresses at the crack tips. As known, the electric field, ahead of crack tip, is bigger than its critical value and this can be a cause of dielectric breakdown in piezoceramics. The first task of the work concerns the modelling of pre-fracture zones in piezoelectric material in order to formulate the model without the mentioned singularities. The mechanical yielding and electric saturation zones have been introduced ahead of crack tips and the limited permeable conditions on crack surfaces have been used. The present model of crack with two pre-fracture zones eliminates all singularities on crack continuation. In pre-fracture zones, a non homogeneous distribution of saturated electric displacement is considered. Results contain analytical and numerical solutions of the problem. In the numerical solution ABAQUS code was used. As the second task the problem for a periodic set of the limited electrically and magnetically permeable cracks is considered for magneto-electro-elastic material. As a limiting case, a single limited permeable crack is studied as well. The problem is solved exactly and some numerical calculations which illustrate the influence of various characteristics on fracture parameters are presented in graphical and tabular form. The influence of the piezoelectric volume fraction in magneto-electro-elastic material on electro-magnetic parameters in the crack regions is studied. As the third task, the attention is focused on application of pre-fracture zone ahead of crack in magneto-electro-elastic materials. Similarly to the previous problem, the mechanical yielding and electric saturation zones have been adopted. Also, analogue of electric saturation zone for magnetic field was considered. The present model of crack with three pre-fracture zones eliminates singularities in mechanical, electric and magnetic fields on crack continuation. The problem is solved exactly. Some numerical calculations which illustrate the influence of various characteristics on fracture parameters are presented in graphical and tabular form.