A high temperature magnetic bearing system using high temperature permanent magnets from Electron Energy Corporation (EEC) is under development. The system consists of two radial bearings, one thrust bearing, two radial catcher bearings and one motor. The purpose of this research is to develop one of the critical components of the system, namely, the High Temperature Permanent Magnet motor. A novel High Temperature Permanent Magnet (HTPM) Brushless DC(BLDC) motor capable of operating at 1000 degrees F (538 degrees C) is designed. HTPMs developed at Electron Energy Corporation are buried into the rotor. The high temperature motor is designed to produce 5.1kw of power at a top running speed of 20000 rpm. The numerical values of the motor voltage, power and torque output are predicted from calculations of the nonlinear finite element model of the motor. The motor stator is wound, potted, cured and high potential tested at 1000 degrees F. A servo amplifier from Advanced Motion Control is used to drive the high temperature motor. High temperature displacement sensors are set up for sensing the rotor position to form a closed loop motion control. However, the noise problem of the high temperature sensors causes a failure of this approach. An open loop approach is then developed and this approach succeeds in spinning the rotor with the capability of self-starting. The status of the full system assembling is introduced. Some other components of the system are briefly presented.

The EEC (Electron Energy Corporation) in conjunction with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is researching the magnetic bearings for an alternative to conventional journal or ball bearings. The purpose of this research was to design and develop a high-temperature (1000ºF) hybrid Magnetic Bearing using High Temperature Permanent Magnets (HTPM), developed by the EEC for high performance jet engines at high speeds that supply loads of 500 lbf. Another objective is to design and build a test rig fixture to measure the load capacity of the designed bearing. The permanent magnet bias of the Homopolar radial magnetic bearing reduces the amount of current required for magnetic bearing operation. This reduces the power loss due to the coil current resistance and improves the system efficiency because the magnetic field of the HTPM can suspend the major portion of the static load on bearing. A high temperature radial magnetic bearing was designed via an iterative search employing 3D finite element based electromagnetic field simulations. The bearing was designed to produce 500 lbf of force at 1000ºF and the design weight is 48 lbs. The bias flux of the Homopolar radial bearing is produced by EEC HTPM to reduce the related ohmic losses of an electromagnetic circuit significantly. An experimental procedure was developed to measure actual load capacity of the designed bearing at the test rig. All the results obtained from the experiment were compiled and analyzed to determine the relation between bearing force, applied current and temperature.

A Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EPUSP, Brasil) e o Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (IDPC, Brasil) estão desenvolvendo conjuntamente um Dispositivo de Assistência Ventricular (DAV) baseado numa bomba de vazão mista e utilizando mancais magnéticos que objetivem substituir os mancais convencionais, pois o uso de mancal magnético neste dispositivo minimiza a hemólise e melhora o tempo de vida do DAV, isso em razão da ausência e contato de um mancal com a crase sanguínea o que, por fim, aumenta a vida útil do dispositivo. O mancal magnético utilizado para o DAV será o mancal do tipo híbrido. Este tipo de mancal combina ímãs permanentes com eletroímãs para realizar a levitação do rotor com controle apenas na direção axial do rotor. Na configuração original desse mancal magnético, um sensor indutivo detecta a posição axial do rotor. Esta posição é enviada a um controlador do tipo PID e processada, amplificada e enviada aos atuadores eletromagnéticos. A corrente enviada aos eletroímãs é controlada de maneira a manter o rotor sempre em uma posição axial fixa. No entanto, essa configuração exige o uso de um atuador eletromagnético contendo um furo para a instalação do sensor indutivo, impondo limitações no desempenho do atuador. Além disso, o sensor indutivo limita a miniaturização do mancal. Assim, para minimizar as limitações impostas pelo uso do sensor indutivo, este trabalho faz, primeiramente, um levantamento das diversas técnicas conhecidas para a medição da posição do rotor em mancais magnéticos. Como resultado, este trabalho identifica o uso do sensor Hall como a alternativa mais promissora. Este sensor responde à magnitude de um campo magnético que nele é aplicado. Fixando-se um ímã permanente ao rotor, obtém-se uma saída no sensor Hall proporcional ao deslocamento do rotor. Contudo, a leitura do sensor Hall é afetada ainda pelo campo magnético gerado pelos atuadores eletromagnéticos, o que é indesejável. Buscando minimizar essa influência, este trabalho apresenta algumas estratégias para eliminar, da saída do sensor Hall, a influência do campo gerado pelo atuador eletromagnético. Os métodos são testados através de experimentos de levitação em mancal magnético e a eficácia dos mesmos comprovada. / The Escola Politécnica of the University of São Paulo (EPUSP, Brazil) and the Institute Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology (IDPC, Brazil) are jointly developing a Ventricular Assist Device (VAD) based on a mixed flow pump with magnetic bearings. The VAD rotor has a conical shape with spiral impellers that impels and pressurizes the blood. The magnetic bearing eliminates mechanical contact between the pump rotor and the VAD body, minimizing hemolysis and improving the lifetime of the VAD. The magnetic bearing studied is the hybrid type that combines permanent magnets with electromagnets to execute active control in the axial direction of the rotor. In the original configuration, the bearing uses inductive sensor to detect the axial position of the rotor. The sensor readings are sent to a PID type controller, processed, amplified and sent to the electromagnets. The current supplied to the electromagnets are controlled in a manner to keep the rotor in a fixed axial position. However, this configuration requires the use of a hollowed core in the electromagnetic actuator, imposing limitations in its efficiency. Moreover, the use of an inductive sensor imposes limitations to pump downsizing. In order to minimize the limitations, this work conducts firstly a study about alternative techniques for measuring the rotor position in a magnetic bearing. As result, the Hall sensor is identified as the most promising alternative. The Hall sensor is a small semiconductor element available in the market that gives an electric signal with amplitude corresponding to the magnet field intensity applied to it. By fixing a permanent magnet to the rotor, the Hall sensor gives a signal according to the rotor displacement. However, the Hall sensor output is also affected by the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic actuator of the bearing. This is not desirable for controlling the bearing. In order to minimize the mentioned influence, this work presents some methods to eliminate the influence of the actuator from the Hall sensor readings. The methods are tests in a magnetic bearing and the efficiency of these methods is demonstrated.

Thesis deals with active magnetic bearing (AMB) levitation control design. Its prototype was done in FSI collaboration with FEKT VUT Brno. The research is focused on communication tools and mathematical model making as well as general AMB issues. Based on this the control design is done an experimentally verified.

The master’s thesis deals with building mechatronics model of machine tool head delivered by company TOSHULIN,a.s. for purpose of damping vibration. Mechanical part of the model is based on modeling of system of flexible bodies. Components are modeled in FEM program ANSYS and subsequently reduced using Craig-Bampton method. The system of flexible bo-dies is created in MBS program ADAMS. Model is linearized and subsequently reduced. As a element of active damping is used linearized model of magnetic bearing. For control is desig-ned PID controller. The comparison of damped and undamped model is conducted in the end.

The PhD thesis describes control design of active magnetic bearing. Active magnetic bearing is nonlinear unstable system. This means it is not possible to use classic methods of control design for linear time invariant systems. Also methods of nonlinear control design are not universal and theirs application is not easy task. The thesis describes usage of simple nonlinear compensation which linearizes response of active magnetic bearing and allows usage of classic methods of control design for linear time invariant systems. It is shown that CARLA method can significantly improve parameters of designed controller. First part of thesis describes derivation of model of controlled active magnetic bearing and nonlinear compensation which linearizes response of controlled active magnetic bearing on input signal. Following part contains description of methods of state control design methods, selected methods of robust control design and most common methods of artificial intelligence used for control design and implementation. Next part describes hardware of used experimental device and its parameters. It also contains experimental derivation of model of electromagnetic force because the parameters are not available from manufacturer. Last part describes control design of active magnetic bearing. Several different approaches are described here. The approaches vary from completely experimental approach, through using Ziegler-Nichols method, state control design to methods for robust control design. During design is heavily used CARLA method which is very suitable for usage for online learning in real controller due its principle.

Demands for sustainable energy have resulted in increased interest in wind turbines. Thus, despite widespread economic difficulties, global installed wind power increased by over 20% in 2011 alone. Recently, magnetic bearing technology has been proposed to improve wind turbine performance by mitigating vibration and reducing frictional losses. While magnetic bearing has been shown to reduce friction in other applications, little data has been presented to establish its effect on vibration and friction in wind turbines. Accordingly, this study provides a functional method for experimentally evaluating the effect of a magnetic bearing on the vibration and efficiency characteristics of a wind turbine, along with associated results and conclusions. The magnetic bearing under examination is a passive, concentric ring design. Vibration levels, dominant frequency components, and efficiency results are reported for the bearing as tested in two systems: a precision test fixture, and a small commercially available wind turbine. Data is also presented for a geometrically equivalent ball bearing, providing a benchmark for the magnetic bearing’s performance. The magnetic bearing is conclusively shown to reduce frictional losses as predicted by the original hypothesis. However, while reducing vibration in the precision test fixture, the magnetic bearing demonstrates increased vibration in the small wind turbine. This is explained in terms of the stiffness and damping of the passive test bearing. Thus, magnetic bearing technology promises to improve wind turbine performance, provided that application specific stiffness and damping characteristics are considered in the bearing design.

No description available.

No description available.

Subsynchronous vibrations such as those caused by rotor instability represent one of the most harrowing scenarios of rotor vibration. They are related to a great diversity of destabilizing forces and some of them are not well understood yet. Therefore, special attention must be paid to this type of vibration. Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs) monitor the position of the shaft and change the dynamics of the system accordingly to keep the rotor in a desired position, offering the possibility of being used as dampers for vibration control. In the present work, a single-disk and a three-disk rotor were built to evaluate the effectiveness of an Active Magnetic Damper (AMD) in damping subsynchronous vibrations. An AMD was used to inject a signal simulating a subsynchronous vibration in the rotor, as another AMD was used to perform active control. Two locations of the AMD were considered for each rotor. For the single-disk rotor, experimental data was taken with the AMD located at three-quarters of the rotor-span and with the AMD located at midspan. For the three-disk rotor, experimental data was taken with the AMD located at a quarter-span and with the AMD at two-thirds of the rotor span. An undamped critical speed and a forced response analysis were performed on the rotors in order to predict the dynamic characteristics of the rotors with and without the AMD. It was demonstrated that an AMD is effective in damping subsynchronous vibrations. The addition of an AMD introduces damping and stiffness to the rotor-bearing system resulting in a change in the synchronous response and a consequent increase of the amplitude of vibrations at synchronous frequencies. This effect must be carefully considered when designing a system with an AMD. / Master of Science