Fitas amorfas ferromagnéticas apresentam um decaimento com o tempo da susceptibilidade magnética. Tal fenômeno é conhecido como aftereffect ou desacomodação (DA). Para explicar esse fenômeno em ligas amorfas existem dois modelos importantes. O modelo de Allia e Vinai prevê uma dependência do decaimento relativo da permeabilidade A?/? com a magnetostricção de saturação ?s. Construímos um sistema de medidas adequado para realizar tais experimentos. Fabricamos e caracterizamos magneticamente três séries de composições Co77-x MnxSi14B9 (série 1: x = O, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; série 2: x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15); Co75-xMnx Fe1Mo1Si14B9 (série 3: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Preocupados em evitar a dispersão de dados frequentemente observada na literatura, mantivemos os parâmetros de fabricação da fita constantes, bem como também a proporção de metalóides. Apesar dos cuidados, nossos resultados ainda apresentaram certa dispersão. Mesmo assim, foi possível concluir que nossos resultados são bem descritos pelo modelo. A caracterização magnética das fitas de Co-Mn e o estudo da dependência da DA com ?s nessas ligas deram origem a um artigo que se tornou nosso primeiro trabalho publicado em revista internacional. O modelo proposto por Kronmüllerer dá maior ênfase à cinética dos processos responsáveis pelo decaimento da susceptibilidade. Por isso foi necessário construir um novo sistema que nos permitisse realizar medidas em diferentes temperaturas. Realizamos medidas de desacomodação em Co67Fe4Mo1Si12B16. Conseguimos eliminar as contribuições irreversíveis da DA através de um tratamento térmico seguido de um processo de estabilização. Os resultados das medidas de DA foram ajustados de acordo com a expressão prevista pelo modelo, fornecendo um valor de ?0 ~ 10-12 segundos, que é da ordem do inverso da frequência de Debye nesses materiais. Concluímos que os dois modelos estudados são igualmente úteis no estudo da desacomodação e devem ser tratados como aspectos complementares do mesmo problema. / Amorphous ferromagnetic alloys show a decay of magnetic susceptibility. This phenomenon is known as aftereffect or disaccomodation (DA). There are two major models which explain this effect in amorphous materials. According to Allia et al., the decay of susceptibility presents a dependence on the saturation magnetostriction ?s. We built an adequate system for measurement of DA based on this model. Ribbons of compositions: Co77-x MnxSi14B9 (series 1: x = O, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; series 2: x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15); Co75-xMnx Fe1Mo1Si14B9 (series 3: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), were produced by melt-spinning. Production parameters were held constant as well as the metalloid concentration in order to prevent the data dispersion which is commonly observed in the literature. Despite our cane, results show a certain dispersion, although it is possible to confirm the validity of this model in describing such alloys The magnetic characterization and study of the dependence of DA on ?s on these alloys originated our first international publication. Kronmülller proposes another model which emphasizes the kinetics of the processes originating such decay. We built another system which allows measurements at, higher temperatures. Measurements were made in Co67Fe4Mo1Si12B16. Irreversible contributions were eliminated by a heat treatment followed by a stabilization process. Fitting of the resulting data to the theoretical expression yields a value of ?0 ~ 10-12 s, which corresponds in order of magnitude to the inverse of Debye frequency in these materials. We conclude that both models are useful in the study of DA in amorphous and should be treated as complementary aspects of the same problem.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:07:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCISCO_FELIPE.pdf: 752189 bytes, checksum: 240a8c7fc04b9202caa1b7a127fbd493 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work we will study the magnetic properties like magnetization and susceptibility of then film using the Heisenberg model for a simple cubic lattice. We will use the differential operator technique along with the theory of effective field. These system are constituted of surface (layer) formed for atoms whose respective positions define the type of exchange interaction: Js for delimited surface and J for the interior of the material (bulk). Initially we will describe briefly the theory proposed to explain the nature of the magnetic phenomena and present some results already obtain in the area. We will present the theory of effective field and the differential operator technique and tool used in our work for the study of ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AF) materials, within Heisenberg model. The effects of exchange interaction J and Js, external magnetic filed H and number of layer L present in our thin magnetic films have been observed through the numerical solution of the respective equations for magnetizations an susceptibility. The observations help in the phenomenal like the anomalous behavior of total susceptibility, a possible quantum phase transition for the staggered magnetization of AF material. / Neste trabalho estudaremos as propriedades magnéticas tal como magnetização e suscetibilidade em filmes finos no modelo de Heisenberg, em uma rede cúbica simples, através da técnica do operador diferencial aliada a teoria de campo efetivo. Esses sistemas são constituídos de superfícies (camadas) formadas por átomos cujas posições definem o tipo de interação de troca, Js para as superfícies delimitadoras e J para o interior do material (bulk ). Inicialmente faremos uma breve descrição das teorias propostas para explicar a natureza dos fenômenos magnéticos e apresentaremos alguns resultados de pesquisas desenvolvidas na área. Apresentaremos a teoria de campo efetivo e a técnica do operador diferencial, ferramentas utilizadas em nosso trabalho para o estudo de materiais ferro (F) e antiferromagnéticos (AF) para o modelo de Heisenberg. A influência das interações de troca J e Js, campo magnético externo H e número de camadas L presentes em nosso filme fino magnético foram visualizadas após solução numérica das respectivas equações para magnetização e suscetibilidade. Estas ofereceram subsídios para uma descrição de fenômenos como a anomalia na suscetibilidade total e uma possível transição de fase quântica para a magnetização staggered no caso AF.

« Etude du comportement paramagnétique des actinides en solution avec des ligands polyaminocarboxylates cycliques »Le comportement paramagnétique des cations actinide (éléments 5f) peut être étudié via la spectroscopie RMN liquide en suivant deux axes de recherche complémentaires : les susceptibilités magnétiques et les déplacements chimiques.Dans un premier temps, lorsque les interactions entre le cation actinide et le ligand sont négligeables, la susceptibilité magnétique molaire est accessible par la méthode d’Evans. Cette méthode est applicable pour des échantillons en solution autour de la température ambiante. Elle a été confrontée à la mesure SQUID sur échantillon solide à très basses températures pour le complexe [NpO2(DPC)2Li2]. Les deux méthodes ont donné des susceptibilités magnétiques molaires du même ordre de grandeur même si ce composé n’est pas optimal pour la comparaison.La méthode d’Evans a été utilisée pour compléter les données expérimentales de la littérature. La mesure de la susceptibilité magnétique du cation PuVO2+ (5f3) en milieu non complexant a été mesurée au laboratoire. Les calculs de susceptibilités magnétiques molaires réalisés par la méthode SO-CASPT2 pour les cations actinide aux degrés d’oxydation (+IV), (+V) et (+VI) (AnIV = UIV, NpIV, PuIV et AnV/VI = NpV/VI, PuV/VI) en milieux non complexant puis complexants chlorure et nitrate ont été comparés avec les valeurs expérimentales. Les cations actinide ont montré une sensibilité à la nature et géométrie de leur première sphère de coordination. Il a été mis en évidence que le cation NpVI (5f1) possède un état fondamental sensiblement affecté par la modification de la symétrie du complexe. A partir des niveaux électroniques calculés, des premiers calculs de spectres d’absorption de ces mêmes complexes ont pu être réalisés. L’absorbance principale calculée est en bon accord avec les spectres d’absorption expérimentaux malgré un décalage systématique des spectres calculés vers le rouge, assimilable à un effet néphélauxétique.Dans un deuxième temps, l’utilisation de la Théorie de Bleaney a permis l’étude des déplacements chimiques et plus précisément, du terme de contact des complexes de symétrie C4 d’actinide au degré d’oxydation (+IV) avec le ligand DOTA (AnIV = ThIV, UIV, NpIV, PuIV). Cette contribution de contact a été accessible par la RMN de l’oxygène 17 (17O), atome directement lié au centre paramagnétique. Le DOTA a été enrichi en 17O avant la synthèse du complexe en phase organique DMSO/CHCl3. Ces complexes ont été caractérisés par spectrophotométrie UV-Visible-NIR et spectroscopie RMN 1H et 13C. Une difficulté de synthèse a été rencontrée pour le complexe de ThIV-D17OTA, composante diamagnétique nécessaire à l’extraction des termes de contact purement paramagnétiques. D’autres voies de synthèses ont été explorées.Mots Clés : Actinides, RMN, Paramagnétisme, Susceptibilité magnétique, Déplacement chimique, DOTA.2018 – Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives – Laboratoire d’interactions Ligand-Actinide – France / “Study of actinide’s paramagnetic behavior in solution with cyclic polyaminocarboxylate ligands”The actinide cation’s (5f elements) paramagnetic behavior may be studied by liquid NMR spectroscopy. Two complementary lines of research have been pursued: molar magnetic susceptibility and chemical shift.Firstly, magnetic susceptibility is easy to determine by the Evans’ method when there is no interaction between actinide cations and ligands. This method, with samples in solution at room temperature, has been compared to SQUID measurements using solid samples at very low temperatures for the [NpO2(DPC)2Li2] complex. Both methods produce molar magnetic susceptibilities with the same order of magnitude even if this compound is not the best one to the comparison.The Evans’ method has been used to complete experimental data from literature. The molar magnetic susceptibility measurement in a non-complexing medium for the PuVO2+ (5f3) cation has been measured in the laboratory. Molar magnetic susceptibility calculations were carried out using the SO-CASPT2 method for (+IV), (+V) and (+VI) actinide cations (AnIV= UIV, NpIV, PuIV and AnV/VI: NpV/VI, PuV/VI) in a non-complexing medium, then in chloride and nitrate complexing media. They have been compared with experimental values. The molar magnetic susceptibilities of actinide cations have been shown to be sensitive to the nature and geometry of their first coordination sphere. It has been revealed that the fundamental state of NpVI (5f1) cation is affected by changing the symmetry of the complex. From calculated electronic states, first absorption spectra calculations of these complexes have been carried out. A good matching between major calculated and experimental absorbances has been obtained. A red-shift was applied to the calculated absorption spectra to fit better with the experimental ones. This shift may be related to a nephelauxetic effect.Secondly, the use of Bleaney’s Theory has allowed the study of chemical shifts. And precisely, this work has been focused on the contact contribution for C4 symmetry AnIV complexed with DOTA ligand (AnIV= ThIV, UIV, NpIV, PuIV). This contact contribution is observable via NMR of oxygen-17 (17O) because oxygen atoms are directly linked to the paramagnetic cation. Therefore, the DOTA ligand was enriched in 17O before the actinide complex synthesis in a DMSO/CHCl3 organic phase. These complexes have been characterized by UV-Visible-NIR spectrophotometry and 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy. But, some synthesis difficulties have been encountered to the diamagnetic ThIV-D17OTA (5f0) complex. This diamagnetic component is required to extract pure paramagnetic contact contribution. In that case, other ways of synthesis have been investigated.Keywords: Actinides, NMR, Paramagnetism, Magnetic susceptibility, Chemical shift, DOTA ligand.2018 – Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives – Laboratoire d’interactions Ligand-Actinide – France

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) was investigated in three Chinese Loess Plateau sedimentary sections along a W–E transect. Previously published models assumed that winter monsoons were responsible for the magnetic fabric formation of loess sequences. In our new interpretation, the stronger summer monsoons from the southeast played the major role in magnetic fabric orientation in the studied west and central parts of the Chinese Loess Plateau. The AMS was generated during the rainy summer monsoon when the sedimentary particles including magnetite were rearranged, settled, and fixed. We reconstruct the summer paleomonsoon routes for the last 130 kyr. These winds prevail from SE to NW but appear to be affected by regional topographic factors. Evidence in the world’s ocean current system indicates an abrupt cooling from 34.1 to 33.6 Ma across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary (EOB) at 33.9 Ma. I describe and date with magnetostratigraphy a section from the north Junggar Basin (Burqin section). Three fossil assemblages revealed through the EOB (34.8, 33.7, and 30.4 Ma) demonstrate that perissodactyl faunas were abruptly replaced by rodent/lagomorph-dominant faunas during climate cooling, and the changes in mammalian communities were accelerated by aridification in central Asia. Paleomagnetic studies of two sections of the northern Junggar Basin, China, are presented from Burqin and Tieersihabahe. Our paleomagnetic results demonstrate counterclockwise tectonic rotations in Burqin and Tieersihabahe (–17.2 ± 9.6° and –11.8 ± 6.1°, respectively) as well as considerable northward latitudinal displacement (12.2 ± 6.5° and 9.7 ± 4.1°, respectively) with respect to Europe. These results are consistent with the motions of contiguous blocks in the same geological time intervals (India, north and south China, Tarim, Amuria, and Kazakhstan). No significant intracontinental shortening or vertical-axis rotation is observed for the Junggar block from 40 Ma to 20 Ma. Our results reveal that the major compression and rotation between Junggar and northern Europe occurred after 20 Ma due to continuous penetration of India into Asia. We interpret the uplift of the Altay Mountains and the formation of the Lake Baikal rift system to be due to such intracontinental compression and relative rotations. / Geophysics

No description available.

La tesi estudia l'acoblament magnètic en sistemes de diferent dimensionalitat amb mètodes multireferencials. L’objectiu principal del treball és calcular propietats macroscòpiques, com la dependència de la susceptibilitat magnètica amb la temperatura, a partir de la constant d'intercanvi magnètic calculada, J. Aquest paràmetre microscòpic quantifica la interacció magnètica entre dos centres i es pot extreure per ajust de la corba de susceptibilitat experimental en sistemes finits però això no és possible en sistemes magnètics infinits com cadenes o capes 2D. L’estratègia del treball és calcular J en petits clusters i simular els sistemes estesos utilitzant aquesta J en l’Hamiltonià de Heisenberg en models de 8 a 16 centres. Amb l’espectre obtingut es construeixen les corbes de dependència tèrmica de la susceptibilitat magnètica que, comparades amb les experimentals, donen la possibilitat de quantificar les interaccions magnètiques dels materials estudiats a nivell microscòpic. S'han estudiat diferents tipus de sistemes estesos com cadenes i xarxes hexagonals, on els centres magnètics són ions de metalls de transició. / The thesis studies the magnetic coupling in systems of different dimensionality, by using multireference methods. The aim of the work is to determine macroscopic properties such as the thermal dependency of magnetic susceptibility, from the calculated magnetic exchange constant J. This microscopic parameter quantifies the magnetic interaction between two magnetic sites and can be extracted from the experimental susceptibility curve in finite systems. However this extraction is not possible in extended magnetic systems such as chains or 2D-layers. The strategy followed consists in calculating J in small clusters and in simulating the extended systems by introducing the calculated J in the Heisenberg Hamiltonian of 8 to 16 site models. From the spectrum, the thermal dependency of the magnetic susceptibility is the calculated. When compared to the experimental one, this curve gives a quantification of the magnetic interactions of the studied materials at the microscopic level. We have studied different types of extended systems such as chains and hexagonal lattices, where the magnetic sites are transition metal ions.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1998. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 83 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-65).

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Geology, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-35).

We have performed detailed measurements of magnetic and dielectric properties of high quality magnetite (Fe3O4) single crystals in weak magnetic and electric fields. These measurements can reveal details of phase transitions and other features that are not yet fully understood. We focused not only at the Verwey transition - a well known phase transition taking place at about 120 K in stoichiometric samples - but we also explored and described new relaxation effects in magnetite at low temperatures. The low-temperature properties were also found to be exceptionally sensitive to sample quality, stoichiometry and homogeneity. The results presented in this thesis were acquired on sensitive non-commercial SQUID magnetometer complemented by four-probe dielectric spectroscopy and dc conductivity measurements.