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Between the National Gallery of Art and the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., the National Museum of Film and Photography design thesis explores issues of architecture at a scale of cultural significance. This thesis is the architectural manifestation of a museum as a research institution, separate from, yet contributing to an educational mission. It is inspired by the thin line between the two worlds, the public museum and the unseen, though often larger, private archive. In this thesis, a home for a treasury of artifacts was designed, so that they might be experienced, and for their intrinsic value. This design thesis explores the role of context, scale, and geometry in a building for the National Mall, as well as the critical requirements and specialized program of a museum. The orthogonal and radial geometry of the city are echoed in the plan. The building program, as well as the physical opportunities of the site, led to the form of the building. The simultaneous cycles of the artifact, the visitor, and the worker, and how they related to the role and amount of natural light also contributed to the form. The thesis is also developed based on the relationship between an object or a film, and a viewer. / Master of Architecture

For the last three years, D.C. United and the District of Columbia have been negotiating a site for a new stadium for their soccer club. The owners of United wanted to take a small parcel of the land now known as "Poplar Point", an undeveloped brown-field on the Southeast side of the Anacostia River. The switch from the Anthony Williams to the Adrian Fenty administration in 2007 has proven unkind for the club, which to this day is embroiled in negotiations with the City for the Poplar Point site. While following this debate in the media, I couldn't help but question why United was not pursuing a plot of land on their current site. The club now plays in RFK Stadium, a venue ill-equipped for the sport that costs the club millions of dollars a year because they cannot fill its stands. The site, however, is located on axis with the Capitol, the Washington Monument, and the Lincoln Memorial. My initial research brought me to France in the 18th century. / Master of Science

This thesis explores relationships between the National Mall and the quarries that supported its construction. It focuses on the Washington Monument and its source of material, the Cockeysville Quarry, Maryland. By studying the movement of stone, the thesis begins to understand both sites as landscapes in process. It then examines the sites histories including land forms, immigrated laborers and railways changes associated with quarrying and construction. It happens that Ian McHarg also studied both sites fifty years ago in Design with Nature. Mcharg's analysis overlooks the potential of the industrial quarry to recharge the Marble Valley aquifer and does not account for the projected sea level rise on the National Mall. It is necessary to examine the two sites again. McHarg's ecological principles and methods are still the basic evaluation criteria for the examination (especially his understanding of landscapes as process.) The design project of this thesis uses shifting hydrologies at both sites to drive new uses,earthwork, urban forest (tree canopies), and axial relationships, inspired by the materials, forms, and historical links between the two landscapes. By looking at the landscapes as a pair, the design recalls the past connections between the sites and constructs new relationships ideologically and physically. / MLA / It is common for there to be a separation between quarries and the buildings and landscape we create from their materials. People rarely realize the materials are the records and links of the history, culture, society and ecology of the paired landscape between construction and material producer. This thesis starts from investigating the origin of building stones used for the memorials on the National Mall. Tracing stone sources links the National Mall landscape and the quarries that supported its construction. It focuses on the Washington Monument and its source of material, the Cockeysville Quarry, Maryland. The thesis examines the geographic, hydrological and physiographic information of the landscape between the National Mall and the Cockeysville Quarry based on ecological methods, especially the understanding of both sites as landscapes in process. It also studies the sites’ histories including landforms, immigrated laborers, and railways changes associated with quarrying and construction. The thesis design project explores the question of how the relationships can be reflected and applied in the intervention of the two landscapes. Within the framework generated by the relationship study, water issues have been identified as the main common problem. Protecting the Marble Valley aquifer and dealing with the thread of the sea level rise on the National Mall is the major consideration. The main strategy of design is to use the anticipated hydrologies to drive the new uses, earthwork, urban forest (tree canopies) at both sites. The second strategy of design is to use history, form and material relationships to inspire new connections between the sites ideologically and physically.

Städer har i århundraden bildats kring handelsplatser men i och med att världen blir mer och mer digital ser vi en förändring i hur konsumenter beter sig. Idag har handelsplatserna flyttat in hemmet, till våra datorer, vilket har gjort att den fysiska handeln har minskat och enligt prognoser är detta en trend som kommer fortsätta. I media har begreppet “butiksdöden” diskuterats länge men på senaste tiden har också begreppet “galleriadöden” figurerat som en indikator på att e-handeln nu utmanar köpcentrumhandeln. Med detta som utgångsläge är syftet med denna rapport att undersöka hur köpcentrum kommer utvecklas i en framtid med en minskad andel fysisk handel. Arbetet är avgränsat till köpcentrum i Sverige och utreder bara den utveckling, eller de åtgärder som sker inom köpcentrumfastigheten eller av fastighetsägare, butiksägare eller andra med ett intresse för köpcentret. Underlaget till rapporten är hämtat från intervjuer med aktörer inom fastighetsbranschen, handelsbranschen och inom intresseorganisationer. För att analysera resultatet används tidigare forskning och teorier inom stadsplanering och handel. Resultat är komplext men visar att Sveriges köpcentrum står inför en strukturomvandling. Studien tyder på att många köpcentrum kommer utvecklas men också på att de centrum som inte gör det riskerar att gå i konkurs och då rivas. Detta kommer ske eftersom köpcentrum är väldigt specialiserade och monofunktionella byggnader vilket gör det inte är lönsamt med någon annan användning än handel. För att ett köpcentrum ska klara sig i konkurrens mot e-handeln måste de bli flexibla, emotionella, lokala och bättre anpassade till staden omkring. / For hundred of years, cities have been formed around places of trade but in a more digital world, consumer behavior is changing. Today, people are shopping online which has led to a decline in physical retail and according to recent studies this is a trend that will continue. For a long time the media has discussed the “death of stores” but recently the debate has shifted to “the death of malls” as a result of online shopping growing more popular. This report is based on the premise of a continued decline in physical retail and the aim is to evaluate and analyse the future of the shopping mall. The report is limited to the future of swedish malls and will only evaluate what can be done on the property of the mall or by the property owner, store owner or other people with an interest in the mall. The report is based on interviews with people from the real estate business, retail business and from organizations connected to malls or retail. To analyze the result of the interviews previous research and theory of urban planning and retail has been used. The result of the study is complex but is shows that shopping malls will undergo a structural change. It shows that some shopping malls will evolve but it also shows that the ones that doesn’t will face bankruptcy and then be demolished. This will happen since malls are highly specialised and monofunctional buildings which makes it uneconomical to use them for other purposes than consumption. To make malls competitive against internet shopping, they have to become more flexible, emotional, local and better adapted to the city surrounding them.

Acoustic design of shopping malls which have become very popular in recent years, has gained importance and it has been considered as an integral part of the design &ndash / construction and life cycle treatment of such complex &ndash / functional buildings. In this study, acoustic qualities of shopping malls are to be inquired by focusing on circulation areas and atrium spaces where noise is one of major disturbances. In this context, first taxonomy of shopping malls regarding their geometrical forms is to be proposed together with plan layouts, construction materials and spatial organizations. Then some of these malls in representing major characteristics of the each class in the taxonomy are to be acoustically analyzed and compared with standards by aiming to provide some guiding principles for acoustical design of such spaces.

The modern consumer expects a consumption experience with both hedonic and utilitarian rewards during a single visit to the mall. The orchestrating of both hedonic and utilitarian benefits in one visit challenges mall management and retailers to deliver the maximum shopping experience. This study seeks to reveal relationships among six variables: demographic characteristics, mall shopping orientation, mall perception, hedonic satisfaction, utilitarian satisfaction, and mall consumption. The intercept survey was conducted at a major entertainment-themed mall in north Texas. Multiple regression analyses (N = 202) indicate that demographic characteristics and mall shopping orientation were significant predictors of mall perception. Also, two mall perception factors (Sensation and Physical Environment) were predictors of hedonic and utilitarian mall shopping satisfaction. However, hedonic and utilitarian mall shopping satisfaction were found not to predict mall consumption in terms of cross-shopping, money spent, and time spent.

Syftet i föreliggande studie har varit att utvärdera en mall för fysisk aktivitet för pedagoger och barn i förskolan. Vi har även valt att lyfta hur pedagogerna resonerar om sin inställning till fysisk aktivitet i relation till barns behov och miljöns uppbyggnad. Mallen för fysisk aktivitet testades på en förskola och följdes upp med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra pedagoger som deltog i projektet. I studien användes ett fenomenografiskt perspektiv för att tolka och bearbeta materialet och det analyserades med hjälp av Dahlberg och Fallsbergs tolkningsmetod. Det fenomenografiska perspektivet syftar mot att beskriva att en förståelse för något har sitt ursprung i tidigare erfarenheter. För att utveckla kunskapsnivån behövs en kritisk reflektion av tidigare kunskaper i relation till nya erfarenheter. Vi kunde utifrån materialet dra slutsatsen att behovet av en mall för att stimulera till fysisk aktivitet i förskolan fanns. Till viss del kunde den föreliggande mallen stimulera till mer fysisk aktivitet, då det utgjorde en bra inspirationskälla, men det kunde inte ersätta andra viktiga faktorer för att stimulera. Nyckeln i det hela handlade om att ha engagerade pedagoger för att uppmuntra till fysisk aktivitet. / The aim of this study was to evaluate a template for physical activity for pedagogues and children in preschool. We have also chosen to highlight how teachers reason about their approach to physical activity in relation to children's needs and the planning of the environment. The template for physical activity was tested in a preschool and was evaluated through semistructured interviews with four pedagogues who participated in the project. The empirical data was explained with the help of the phenomenographic perspective and analyzed through Dahlberg and Fallsbergs interpretation method. The phenomenographic perspective aims to describe that an understanding for something comes from previous experiences. To expand your knowledge you need to critically reflect upon your previous knowledge in relation to your new experiences. Based on the material we came to the conclusion that there is a need for a template for physical activity in preschool. The template could to some extent encourage to more physical activity, and was a good inspirational source, but could not replace other important factors to stimulate. The key is about having enthusiastic pedagogues to encourage to physical activity.

In this post-boom era, the so-called dead mall is a growing phenomenon. A quintessentially American icon, the shopping mall arose in a time of prosperity, and was a central component of the pre-fab utopia of suburban life. The shopping mall was conceived to create a new and improved town center. As indoor private properties, developers attempted to engineer the conditions to instill a state of euphoria in shoppers, which would fuel the need to spend in order to heighten that satisfaction. But ultimately, just as the gratification was temporary, so too is the mall.

The contemporary North American believes that you can purchase happiness. We search in boxes labeled new and improved, looking for products that are forever bigger, stronger, and faster. We want these things because they will make our lives easier, make us look prettier, and bring us social acceptance. It is our social insecurities that blindly drive this lifestyle. Happiness cannot be sold, and we have become mindless in our consumption. It is in the heart of the suburban world where you can find the beginning of the end. It is the North American shopping mall. We created it as means to meet our demands for more convenient access to stores and services. Its design was manipulated, unapologetically perfected, and rigorously overproduced. The mall has replaced our town squares and main streets with fields of asphalt, yields of the same giant signs, neon lights and brand names. The public realm has been privatized and commercialized. The zombie apocalypse is upon us. The shopping mall stands among us as the reanimated corpse of the dead downtown and represents the loss of great space. Through horror films and personal inflection, a biography of the mall, and a literary dissection of its contemporaries, this thesis examines the misconceptions of North American public spaces through the shopping mall and branded culture. This thesis rediscovers the practise of creating great space through an architectural discourse of the Humbertown Shopping Centre. We desperately need spaces for the living. I argue for public spaces that serve no commercial intent, but rather nourish our desires for authentic human interaction.