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We introduce a framework for 3D object deformation with primary focus on man-made objects. Our framework enables a user to deform a model while preserving its defining characteristics. Moreover, our framework enables a user to set constraints on a model to keep its most significant features intact after the deformation process. Our framework supports a semi-automatic constraint setting environment, where some constraints could be automatically set by the framework while others are left for the user to specify. Our framework has several advantages over some state of the art deformation techniques in that it enables a user to add new features to the deformed model while keeping its general look similar to the input model. In addition, our framework enables the rotation and extrusion of different parts of a model.

In this research, two studies were conducted in order to examine the psychological, social, somatic and educational effects of chronic traumatic experience on Palestinian children over the six years of the Al-Aqsa Intifada (2000-2006). Firstly, a quantitative study was conducted which aimed to explore the long-term effects of war and occupation on the Palestinian children in the Gaza Strip. The sample consisted of 1,137 children aged between ten and 18 years randomly selected from all parts of the Gaza Strip to participate in the study. The participants completed a Checklist of Traumatic Experiences (CTE), a Symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (SPTSDS), a Network of Psycho-Social Support (NPSS) and a Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ). This study found that every child in Palestine is likely to have been exposed to at least three traumatic events. Importantly, this study also found that 41% of the participants suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD). This indicates that there are potentially more than 300,000 children in the Gaza Strip in need of psychological, social,and medical services in the areas of rehabilitation and therapeutic treatment. The study revealed that the support of family, friends, relatives, teachers, and spiritual leaders can be of great help. In addition to this, positive traits of personality can reduce the effects of PTSD. Secondly, a qualitative study aimed to explore, in more depth, the moderating factors relating to Palestinian children who have been exposed to chronic traumatic experiences, particularly the children who show low levels of PTSD. The sample consisted of six children interviewed in Arabic by using a semi-structured interview. They were aged between 13-18 years. The participants were selected according to the amount of traumatic events and level of PTSD experienced by the children who took part in the first study. This study found that the moderating factors and levels of influence which protected them from developing PTSD are positive personality traits and ideological commitment, psychosocial support, entertainment and adaptation or acclimatization. This research concluded that having a normal childhood in Palestine is unlikely in the current circumstances and the future psychological well-being of Palestinian children is at risk of being compromised by on-going traumatic experiences.

I use Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) to study the present deformation in the Western Basin and Range and Basin and Range - Sierra Nevada transition. I process 350 SAR data over 190·103 km2 for the period 1992 to 2002. Both stacking and time series processing were applied to produce precise (mm/yr) and high-resolution velocity map for the area. Two new processing techniques have been developed. The first technique solves for the long wavelength ambiguities of the InSAR derived velocity map that arise due to uncertainty in the orbital parameter of the satellite. The technique assimilates continuous GPS data into the InSAR time-series processing. The second technique extracts the horizontal and vertical components of the deformation field from two adjacent radar tracks. I applied stacking to study the transient deformation across the Central Nevada Seismic Belt and interseismic strain accumulation across the Eastern California Shear Zone. I show that the current deformation across the Central Nevada Seismic Belt can be explained by a combination of inter-seismic, post-seismic and anthropogenic deformation. The Post-Seismic deformation is associated with visco-elastic relaxation of the Earth's mantle in response to a centennial earthquake sequence of five ~M7 earthquakes along the Central Nevada Seismic Belt. The anthropogenic deformation is a response of the bedrock to water withdrawal in support of mining activity. A more evolved time-series approach that solves for orbital errors is applied across the Eastern California Shear Zone. The study shows that the Hunter Mountain - Panamint Valley fault system accommodates ~5 mm/yr, a faster rate than geological averages. The region of strain accumulation is a narrow band of ~10 km centered on the Hunter mountain fault, and indicates a very shallow locking depth in agreement with an active low angle normal fault system.

Idag produceras 70 miljoner årston textilfibrer. Denna siffra kommer fram tills år 2050 att mer än tredubblas i takt med att jordens befolkning och medelinkomsten per person ökar. År 2013 förbrukade svenskarna så mycket som 12,5 kilo textil per person varav 8 kilo slängdes i hushållssoporna. Textilindustrin ställs inför stora utmaningar, dels att tillgodose ett större behov av fibrer samt att hantera ett växande avfallsberg. Det behövs därför återvinningsmetoder för att ta tillvara på textiler både från industrier och konsumenter. Företaget Re:newcell finansierar forskning på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, KTH, i Stockholm. Denna forskning undersöker möjligheten att återvinna cellulosabaserat textilavfall till en dissolvingmassa. Massan kan användas för att spinna nya cellulosabaserade konstfibrer. I detta examensarbete undersöks egenskaperna hos lyocellfibrer framställda av dissolvingmassa från Re:newcell. Dissolvingmassan för dessa fibrer har producerats av secondhandjeans. Fibrerna jämförs genom projektet med konventionellt framställda lyocellfibrer, Tencel®. På Textilhögskolan har ett ringspunnet garn producerats av respektive fiber. Garnernas linjära densitet har kontrollerats för att uppnå samma grovlek som ett kommersiellt producerat Tencel®garn. Dragprovning av samtliga tre garner har utförts för att bestämma tenacitet samt brottstöjning. En slätstickad trikåkvalitet har sedan tillverkats av respektive garn. På dessa tre trikåkvaliteter har ett antal tester utförts för att kunna bestämma kvadratmetervikt, dimensionsändring efter tvätt, fuktlednings-, absorptions- och färgupptagningsförmåga, anfärgning till andra material, färghärdighet efter konsumentvätt, nöthärdighet samt matrialens tendens att noppra. Syftet med arbetet är att kunna dra slutsatser om huruvida Re:newcellfibern kan komplettera konventionellt producerade cellulosabaserade konstfibrer för tillverkning av nya klädesplagg. Slutsatsen är att Re:newcellfibrerna kan spinnas till ett garn med samma linjära densitet som ett kommersiellt framställt Tencel®garn. Re:newcellgarnet har en god styrka och töjs i liten utstäckning i både torrt och vått tillstånd. Av garnet är det möjligt att tillverka en rundstickad vara av slätstickad kvalitet. Efter testerna kan det konstateras att detta material krymper accepterbart vid konsumenttvätt. Det kan bäras nära kroppen eftersom absorptions- och fuktledningsförmågan är god. Färgupptagningsförmågan är god för reaktivfärg av antrakinon typ. En del av färgen tvättas av men materialet anfärgar inte andra material märkbart. Re:newcelltrikån står emot förhållandevis hög nötning mot en standardiserad ullväv. Materialet noppras i stor utsträckning rätsida mot rätsida men nopprorna slits av efter hand. Testerna som har utförts på materialen visar att Re:newcellfibern har utmärkta egenskaper för att kunna användas i ett plagg som till exempel en t-shirt. Därmed har dissolvingmassan från Re:newcell en stor potential att vara en ny råvara i produktionen av cellulosabaserade konstfibrer. Dissolvingmassan kan bidra till att textilindustrin kan ta tillvara sitt avfall och även tillgodose en del av det växande behovet av textilfibrer i framtiden. / The population of the earth, as well as the average income, are both on the increase. Therefore the already high consumption of textiles in the world is expected to be even greater in the future. At present, 70 million tonnes of textile fibres are being produced yearly. This figure could rise to as much as 240 million within the next 35 years. In Sweden alone, the people were consuming around 12.5 kilos of textiles per person in 2010. About 8 of these kilos were discarded as garbage. The textile industry is facing big challenges, both in finding new resources for production of fibres as well as dealing with the issue of large amounts of textile waste from consumers and companies. Re:newcell is a Swedish company financing research at Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, in Stockholm. Their researchers are investigating the possibility to recycle cotton and other cellulosic textile materials in order to produce dissolved pulp. Thereafter cellulosic man-made fibres are being produced from the pulp. The properties of lyocell fibres produced from the dissolved pulp from Re:newcell is being investigated in this Bachelor thesis. The dissolved pulp has been produced from jeans bought in second-hand shops. These fibres are being compared to the conventionally produced lyocell fibres, Tencel®. A ring spun yarn of each fibre type has been produced at the Swedish School of Textiles. The linear density of the yarns have been determined in order to achieve the same thickness of the yarn as a commercially spun yarn also made from Tencel® fibres. A test of tensile strength and elongation has been carried out on each of the three yarns. Thereafter the yarns have been used to manufacture a knitted fabric on a circular knitting machine. Each of the knitted fabrics have gone through a series of tests regarding weight of fabric per square meter, dimensional change after washing, wicking and absorbency properties, dye exhaustion, colour staining to other materials during laundering and colour change after laundering, abrasion resistance and tendency to create fuzzing and pills. The purpose of the study is to make conclusions about whether this fibre has the potential to complement other cellulosic man-made fibres. The conclusion is that Re:newcell fibres can be used to spin a yarn with the linear density of 25 tex. This yarn can be utilized to produce a circular knitted fabric light enough to make T-shirts. After the testing it is concluded that the shrinking percentage after consumer’s washing is acceptable. In addition, the material could be worn close to the body because of the good absorbency and wicking properties. The exhaustion of dyestuff of antrakinon type from the dyeing liquor is equally very good. Although some of the dyestuff is being washed in laundering, the Re:newcell tricot is not staining other materials noticeably. The Re:newcell material can also withstand high abrasion against a woven wool material. The tendency to form fuzzing and pills is great but the pills are being torn of eventually. It may be concluded that the fibres, made by the dissolved pulp of Re:newcell in the lyocell process, can be used to manufacture a yarn with better strength than two investigated yarns of Tencel®. The tests carried out on the fabrics produced in the project show that the Re:newcell fibre has excellent properties in order to function as a material in a garment, for example a T-shirt. Therefore the dissolved pulp of Re:newcell has the possibility to be a new raw material in the production of man-made cellulosic fibres. This enables the textile industry to deal with their excess waste, and to meet the increasing demand for fibres in the world.

Abstract   Background The sea levels have risen about 10 cm since 1993 and will continue to rise due to global warming along with the expected increase in population. The rise will decrease the available landmass for settlements and raw material production. The increasing population needs to fit in an increasingly smaller area on a planet covering 30 % of the earth's surface, the rest is water. The covered area will increase as the ice caps covering the poles melts due to global warming. One solution to settle this increasing population would be on man-made floating islands on the sea around already established major cities. This would create an artificial increase in available dwelling space for people to live without covering more of the decreasing land. Stockholm tiny house expo is an organization that wishes to build a self-sustaining floating island in the Stockholm archipelago.   Objectives The objectives of this thesis are to analyze already present structures and how they have solved problems regarding anchoring permanent floating structures. From these, a few solutions will be presented regarding how a yet-to-be-built, man-made island could be securely anchored in Stockholm’s archipelago. In addition to anchoring, there exists a conceptualized desire to rotate the island to extract as much solar energy over the duration of the day. By rotating the island in sync with the sun, the efficiency of the solar cells will increase by decreasing the solar incident angle when striking the photo-voltaic throughout the day. This is one small step towards creating a larger island aimed to become a symbol for the EU: s sustainable development goals. Finally, different solutions will be presented allowing the island to be securely anchored while still being able to rotate.    Methods Design thinking was the method of choice because of the creative and innovative aspects of the project. Design thinking provides inspiration and ideas from already present technology to be gathered and compared to each other. The iterative nature of design thinking aided in discovering ideas while problems occurred. Information gathering was conducted through mainly tech- and trend-watching since existing technology on the market can be modified to suit the problem. Solutions and products in markets adjacent to maritime technologies were explored to gain broader inspiration in accomplishing rotation of the island. Interviews were conducted with the customers to gather enough information for the need-finding as well as using personas. Design decisions were supported by Pugh and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) matrices.    Results The results proposed three potential solutions to rotate the island with one proven insufficient after a deeper investigation. The two remaining solutions were believed to be sufficiently capable of withstanding the forces acting upon the island from the wind and waves. The second concept presented rotates the island through a gearbox situated in the island's center of mass. This solution requires the island to be rigidly anchored, so the rotation has something to push against. The final concept utilizes as many off-the-shelf components as possible and creates a rotational torque with traditional outboard boat motors. This solution is anchored with ropes or chains and traditional anchors used for houseboats or floating bridges.     Conclusions. The conclusion is that the rotation should be avoided since the benefit of aiming the solar panels towards the sun does not outweigh the energy costs of rotating the whole island. Instead, the focus should be on either rotating the solar panels individually or storing the energy gathered during the day. If the rotation is still desired, the traditional boat motors would be the choice based on reliable products and technology existing in today's market and their ability to counteract the forces caused by the wind.

My feet are my transportation while living in the college town of Provo, Utah. When walking, I am drawn to designs found at construction sites and office workplaces, methods of labor that are executed sequentially. These designs lead me to think about laborious jobs that I have had and time performing mundane, repetitive tasks. Walking, photographing, gathering, and transporting used material to a workspace are the preliminary actions for my art practice. Creation emerges by relating material from varying environments through their inherent patterns, sizes, and shapes. I organize elements of the everyday in a new harmonious context with each other. At the core of my art practice, I present an altered way of looking at commonplace materials.

The purpose of this descriptive study is to determine if there is a difference in citizen trust in Orange County government regarding the handling of disaster. Various dimensions like competence, benevolence, and integrity can determine a citizen's trust within its government. Disasters, such as man-made and natural, are described as a disruption to society through widespread damage to people and material. Counties experience man-made and natural disasters. Depending on its response to the incidents, counties can determine if the citizens view the county as a trustworthy and responsible government body. This study explored if there were differences in citizen trust in government response to different disasters and if citizens of different demographics had differing levels of trust. This study found that 1) there is no statistical difference between the average citizen trust scores between the two disasters 2) there is no statistical difference between the average citizen trust scores for the two groups, and 3) there is no statistical difference between the overall average citizen trust score between older and younger generations.