[pt] O presente trabalho teve por objetivo mapear a logística na gestão do portfólio de projetos de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação tecnológica do Programa regulado de P e D da ANEEL. Desenvolvido no contexto regulatório e empresarial, avalia em que medida a realização desses projetos resultam em benefícios econômicos para concessionária. O trabalho examinou (i) gargalos que dificultam a apropriação dos resultados dos projetos de P e D pela própria concessionária e (ii) os aspectos motivacionais induzidos pela introdução de políticas públicas de incentivo ao setor. Esse foi o caso da Lei 9991/2000 que cria condições favoráveis à sustentabilidade corporativa e à introdução de inovações no mercado das concessionárias distribuidoras de energia elétrica pela aplicação de um percentual da sua receita operacional líquida no desenvolvimento de projetos de P e D. Os resultados da pesquisa confirmam uma tendência de crescimento dos montantes anuais de investimento no Programa e uma determinação de concentrar recursos num número menor de projetos direcionados às linhas de pesquisa de maior relevância da concessionária. A maioria dos projetos foi desenvolvida por universidades, com ou sem parceria com outras instituições, por um valor médio mais baixo do que o praticado pelas demais instituições executoras. Já as indústrias não tomam a iniciativa de propor projetos de P e D, provavelmente por não disporem de laboratórios próprios. Como medida para evitar a pulverização dos recursos de pesquisa observou-se uma preocupação do gestor em concentrar recursos em iniciativas de centros de pesquisa comprometidos com a solução de temas relevantes que têm afligindo o setor. / [en] The present study aimed to map the logistics management of the portfolio of R, D and I (research, technological development and innovation) projects developed under the ANEEL regulated Program. Developed under the regulatory and business environment, it assesses the extent to which the realization of these projects results in economic benefits to the energy concessionaire. The study examined (i) bottlenecks that hinder the appropriation of the results achieved by the R, D and I projects contracted by the concessionaire and (ii) the motivational aspects induced by the introduction of public policies to incite the sector. This was the case of the 9991/2000-Act that created favourable conditions for corporate sustainability and the introduction of innovations in the market of electric energy operated by distribution concessionaires as it defines that a percentage of the net operating revenues must be applied in the development of R, D and I projects. The results of the survey carried out confirm a growing trend of the annual investment in the program and a determination to concentrate resources on fewer projects targeted to areas of research most relevant to the concessionaire. Most projects were developed by universities, with or without partnership with other institutions, for an average of investments lower than that charged by other executing agencies. The reason why industries do not take the initiative to propose R and D projects may be explained by the fact that they do not have their own laboratories. As a measure to avoid spraying of research resources there was a concern of the manager to concentrate resources on initiatives of research centres committed to the solution of important issues that have afflicted the sector.

Chemnitz, Techn. Univ., Diplomarb., 2007.

The European Water Framework Directive 2000 established a new emphasis for the management of freshwaters by setting ecologically-based water quality targets that are to be achieved through holistic, catchment-scale, ecosystem management. However, significant knowledge gaps exist in the understanding of the cumulative effectiveness of multiple mitigation measures on a number of pollutants at a catchment scale. This research contributes to improved understanding of the effectiveness of an ecosystem management approach to deliver catchment-scale water quality improvements on the National Trust Holnicote Estate on Exmoor, UK. This research is part of a larger multi-objective project funded by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), to demonstrate the benefits of land use interventions for the management of flood risk. This thesis evaluates the effects of upland ditch blocking on physico-chemical and biological parameters of water quality in an upland Horner Water catchment one year after habitat restoration, and establishes a solid baseline for the monitoring of the effects of current and future land management changes in a lowland, intensively managed, agricultural Aller catchment. The spatial variability of soil physical and chemical properties (bulk density, total carbon (TN), nitrogen (TN), C:N ratio, δ15N, total phosphorus (TP), inorganic phosphorus (IP), organic phosphorus (OP)) and water quality determinands (suspended sediment (SS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total particulate carbon (TPC), total oxidised nitrogen (TON) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP)) in the two study catchments with contrasting land use has been characterised and linked to the prevailing land use. Agricultural land use resulted in extensive homogenisation of soil properties. The spatial dependence of all soil properties, except for bulk density and δ15N, was stronger in the agricultural than the semi-natural catchment (nugget:sill ratio 0.10-0.42 in the Aller and 0.15-0.94 in Horner Water), while bulk density, TP, inorganic phosphorus (IP), organic phosphorus (OP), C:N ratio, δ15N and carbon storage showed a longer range of spatial auto-correlation in the agricultural catchment (2,807-3,191 m in the Aller and 545-2,599 m Horner Water). The central tendency (mean, median) of all soil properties, except for IP and δ15N, also differed significantly between the two catchments (P < 0.01). The observed extensive alteration of soil physical and chemical properties in the agricultural catchment is likely to have long-term implications for the restoration of ecosystem functioning and water quality management. The intensive land use seems to have resulted in an altered ‘catchment metabolism’, manifested in a proportionally greater total fluvial carbon (dissolved and particulate) export from the agricultural than the semi-natural catchment. The agricultural catchment supported significantly higher DOC concentrations (P < 0.05) and the quality of DOC differed markedly between the two study catchments. The prevalence of more humic, higher molecular weight compounds in the agricultural catchment and simpler, lower molecular weight compounds in the semi-natural catchment, indicated enhanced microbial turnover of fluvial DOC in the agricultural catchment as well as additional allochtonous terrestrial sources. During an eight month period for which a comparable continuous turbidity record was available, the estimated SS yields from the agricultural catchment (25.5-116.2 t km2) were higher than from the semi-natural catchment (21.7-57.8 t km2). Further, the agricultural catchment exported proportionally more TPC (0.51-2.59 kg mm-1) than the semi-natural catchment (0.36-0.97 kg mm-1) and a similar amount of DOC (0.26-0.52 kg mm-1 in the Aller and 0.24-0.32 kg mm-1 in Horner Water), when normalised by catchment area and total discharge, despite the lower total soil carbon pool, thus indicating an enhanced fluvial loss of sediment and carbon from the intensively managed catchment. Whilst detection of catchment-scale effects of mitigation measures typically requires high resolution, resource-intensive, long term data sets, this research has found that simple approaches can be effective in bridging the gap between fine scale ecosystem functioning and catchment-scale processes. Here, the new macro-invertebrate index PSI (Proportion of Sediment-sensitive Invertebrates) has been shown to be more closely related to a physical measure of sedimentation (% fine bed sediment cover) (P = 0.002) than existing non-pressure specific macro-invertebrate metrics such as the Lotic Index for Flow Evaluation (LIFE) and % Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera & Trichoptera abundance (% EPT) (P = 0.014). Further testing of PSI along a pronounced environmental gradient is recommended as PSI and % fine bed sediment cover have the potential to become a sensitive tool for the setting and monitoring of twin sedimentation targets. Upland ditch management has not had any discernible effect on water quality in the semi-natural upland catchment one year after restoration, which may be due to the short-term post-restoration monitoring period but may also reflect benign effects of large-scale earth moving works on this high quality environment. The conceptual understanding of catchment processes developed in this thesis suggests that cumulatively, the recently completed mitigation works in the lowland agricultural catchment will likely result in reduced sediment and nutrient input into the aquatic environment. However, further research is needed to build on this detailed baseline characterisation and inform the understanding of the effectiveness of combined mitigation measures to reduce the flux of multiple contaminants at the catchment scale.

Thesis (Doctora).

Transformer ageing is inevitable and it is a challenge for utilities to manage a large fleet of ageing transformers. This means the need for monitoring transformer condition. One of the most widely used methods is oil sampling and testing. Databases of oil test records hence manifest as a great source of information for facilitating transformer ageing assessment and asset management. In this work, databases from three UK utilities including about 4,600 transformers and 65,000 oil test entries were processed, cleaned and analysed. The procedures used could help asset managers in how to approach databases, such as the need for addressing oil contamination, measurement procedure change and oil treatment discontinuities. An early degradation phenomenon was detected in multiple databases/utilities, which was investigated and found to be caused by the adoption of hydrotreatment oil refining technique in the late 1980s. Asset managers may need to monitor more frequently the affected units and restructure long term plans. The work subsequently focused on population analyses which indicated higher voltage transformers (275 kV and 400 kV) are tested more frequently and for more parameters compared with lower voltage units (33 kV and 132 kV). Acidity is the parameter that shows the highest correlation with transformer in-service age. In addition, the influence of the length of oil test records on population ageing trends was studied. It is found that it is possible to have a representative population ageing trend even with a short period (e.g. two years) of oil test results if the transformer age profile is representative of the whole transformer population. Leading from population analyses, seasonal influence on moisture was investigated which implies the importance of incorporating oil sampling temperature for better interpretation of moisture as well as indirectly breakdown voltage records. A condition mismatch between dielectric dissipation factor and resistivity was also discovered which could mean the need for revising the current IEC 60422 oil maintenance guide. Finally, insulation condition ranking was performed through principal component analysis (PCA) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). These two techniques were demonstrated to be not just capable alternatives to traditional empirical formula but also allow fast, objective interpretation in PCA case, as well as flexible and comprehensive (objective and subjective incorporations) analysis in AHP case.

Electro-hydrostatic Actuation Systems (EAS) successfully combine the advantages of electro-mechanical actuation - such as high-energy efficiency and low noise emission - with the benefits of electro-hydraulic technology –which include robustness and the precise handling of large forces. This paper defines keywords like EAS and Electro-hydraulic pump unit (EPU), and provides a comparison of the two technologies. Given the wide range of EAS technology topics, it is only possible to briefly introduce and discuss these in this paper. This technology has reached a level that renders it a strong mechanism for machine manufacturers to support existing and future motion control requirements.

Current realization techniques for service-oriented architectures (SOA) and business process management (BPM) cannot be efficiently applied to any kind of application scenario. For example, an important requirement in the finance sector is the continuous evaluation of stock prices to automatically trigger business processes--e.g. the buying or selling of stocks--with regard to several strategies. In this paper, we address the continuous evaluation of message streams within BPM to establish a common environment for stream-based message processing and traditional business processes. In detail, we propose the notion of standing processes as (i) a process-centric concept for the interpretation of message streams, and (ii) a trigger element for subsequent business processes. The demonstration system focuses on the execution of standing processes and the smooth interaction with the traditional business process environment.

Dissertation deals with a draft of the system for monitoring and planning of attendance of promoters on the stores of the Slovakian store chain NAY, where the project management is used for securing of versatilely effective project. PEST, SWOT, RIPRAN of analysis and analysis of risks are used in this draft. It contains the plan of solution from the schematic imaging to the graphic previews and time schedule of realization. This is the real project from practice which should be realized based on this dissertation and commercially spread and innovated.