As organizations strive to remain competitive despite economic pressures and the rapid pace of technology innovation, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems provide businesses with the functional best practices and customisable capabilities they need to adapt to these changes. However, the high rate of failure of these Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems remain a challenge for the managers who are usually tasked with ensuring the huge investments achieve its purpose and yield a return on investment. In attempting to explain the reasons behind these Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation failures, previous research has identified user adoption as one of the main drivers of ERP implementation success. An abundance of technology adoption theories and change management models have been proposed as solutions to user adoption, by measuring different factors they consider are important to the adoption of these systems. However, ERP systems still fail to achieve their intended purpose because these theories have not been able to explicitly explain how these factors impact on adoption. To address this gap, this research takes a comprehensive approach to identifying the change management influences on user adoption by integrating change management and technology adoption constructs. The main contribution of this research is a common-sense perspective of the realities of user resistance. The study provides a causal model derived from Structural equation modelling, which explains the multiple influence relationships between the measured constructs. An adoption tool is also developed for managers to use as a yardstick to benchmark the effectiveness of an implementation strategy. Using a structural equation modelling approach, a theory was developed from a survey of 616 ERP users across 6 organizations. Six constructs were identified as the key influences of user adoption – Trust, Communication and Engagement, System Qualities, Training, Organizational Benefits and Resistance. The theory explains the multiple influence relationships between these constructs and Adoption, and assists in the pinpointing of failure points that need to be addressed by Enterprise Resource Planning project managers. The resulting theory developed indicates the multiple influence relationships between these constructs as determinants of Adoption of ERP systems. In addition, the theory assists in the pinpointing of failure points that need to be addressed by Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) project managers.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur samverkan mellan olika verksamheter kan organiseras.      I uppsatsens bakgrund framhålls varför samverkan blir vanligare samt vad det innebär för professionella som deltar i den. Samverkan blir vanligare genom att regeringen yrkar på samverkan i praktiken samt att det benämns i lagtext. Samverkan är en omfattande förändringsprocess mot något okänt vilket kan leda till en rädsla för samverkan hos professionella som ska praktisera den.      Den metod som användes var kvalitativ och det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom semi strukturerade intervjuer. Fem respondenter deltog, tre från ett samverkansarbete och två från ett annat. De var professionella inom olika professioner som arbetar med humanitärt arbete i samverkan med varandra. Resultatet analyserades genom professionsteori, samverkansteori, brukarperspektiv, projekt som arbetesform samt tidigare forskning.      Resultatet visar att det finns olika faktorer som hämmar och/eller främjar samverkan samt förutsättningar som kan främja och/eller hämma samverkans framgång och effektivitet. Exempel på en faktor som kan hämma eller främja samverkan beroende på hur den hanteras är yrkesspråket, samtidigt som ledarskap är en förutsättning som främjar samverkan. / The purpose of the study is to examine how interaction between different activities can be organized.      The background of the essay highlights why collaboration is becoming common, and what it means for professionals involved in it. Collaboration is becoming common because the government insists on collaboration in practical work and that it is referred to in legal text. Collaboration is a comprehensive change to something unknown which could lead to fear of interaction within professionals who practice it.          The method used was qualitative and the empirical data were obtained through semi-structured interviews. Five respondents participated, three from one collaborative work and two from another. They are professionals in various professions involving humanitarian work in collaboration with each other. Results were analyzed through profession theory, collaboration theory, the user perspective, projects as labor as well as previous research.      The results show that there are various factors that inhibit and/or promote collaboration and conditions that may promote and/or inhibit collaborative success and efficiency. An example of a factor that can inhibit or promote interaction depending on how it is managed is the professional language, while management is a condition that promotes collaboration.

The dissertation discusses the impact of change management during the implementation of an IT system. The theoretical part of the dissertation is aimed at gaining information about human performance, and the implications during the implementation of the system, and also post-implementation. Literature suggests that the human factor is the key to the successful implementation of system projects. The study, which is qualitative in nature, makes use of face-to-face interviews for the collection of evidence, as well as questionnaires as add-on tools to support the underlying constructs and research questions posed within the study. The use of data obtained from the research interviews, as well as survey data, has provided the research study with the necessary validity, reliabilityand trustworthy data to support the research results, findings – and to be able to make some recommendations. The reason for the failure of system implementation projects is often due to poor implementation during the project. It is important to place the importance of people on a par with technology and processes. A holistic approach would be the most likely to result in the acceptance – and the efficient and effective use of the implemented system. Communication, training and management participation are common means of addressingany fears of change, and to build trust. This information should be utilised by project teams during implementation projects, as it should help to provide the necessary framework to ensure the success of the change initiatives.

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The dissertation discusses the impact of change management during the implementation of an IT system. The theoretical part of the dissertation is aimed at gaining information about human performance, and the implications during the implementation of the system, and also post-implementation. Literature suggests that the human factor is the key to the successful implementation of system projects. The study, which is qualitative in nature, makes use of face-to-face interviews for the collection of evidence, as well as questionnaires as add-on tools to support the underlying constructs and research questions posed within the study. The use of data obtained from the research interviews, as well as survey data, has provided the research study with the necessary validity, reliabilityand trustworthy data to support the research results, findings – and to be able to make some recommendations. The reason for the failure of system implementation projects is often due to poor implementation during the project. It is important to place the importance of people on a par with technology and processes. A holistic approach would be the most likely to result in the acceptance – and the efficient and effective use of the implemented system. Communication, training and management participation are common means of addressingany fears of change, and to build trust. This information should be utilised by project teams during implementation projects, as it should help to provide the necessary framework to ensure the success of the change initiatives. / Human Resource Management / M. Tech. (Human Resource Management)

Submitted by Jorge Dias (jorge.dias@gvmail.br) on 2013-04-19T05:24:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacaorevisada.pdf: 2278867 bytes, checksum: f8f1e3424e247a608b0f0ecaa72e886b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2013-04-19T13:57:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacaorevisada.pdf: 2278867 bytes, checksum: f8f1e3424e247a608b0f0ecaa72e886b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-19T14:00:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacaorevisada.pdf: 2278867 bytes, checksum: f8f1e3424e247a608b0f0ecaa72e886b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-02 / The increasing use of computing and communication resources in the companies, looking for modernization, agility, cost reduction and others, has brought many benefits, but has also become a huge problem for the planeta. The amount of electronic waste (e-waste) generated by computer and communication equipment has doubled every five years, becoming a major focus of attention in recent years. The volume of electronic waste generated by the disposal of computer equipment and communication technologies (ITC), has grown to 50 million tonnes per year, equivalent to eight times the total waste of São Paulo city. The total Brasilian electronics market is considered the fifth in the world after China, the U.S., Japan and Russia. The total production of electronic waste in Brazil in 2011 was one million tonnes and partially with respect to ITC equipment was estimated at 98 000 tonnes. Considering this context, this study aims to contribute to the expansion of knowledge in green supply chain management (GSCM) applied to the Brazilian ITC business reality. Specifically intend to identify which factors influence the process of adoption and implementation of green ITC management in large companies using ITC in Brazil, from the models proposed by Molla (2008) and Coopers and Molla (2008). Thus we sought to answer the following research question: what factors influence large companies, users of information technology and communication (ITC) at Brazil, in the adoption of green IT management concepts? A case study was conducted in six major companies, all leaders in their sectors, representing major areas of services and manufacturing. As a final result, we propose a new analytical model, which seemed more appropriate to the service sector. The study also identified that the management of green ITC in manufacturing companies have different priorities of service companies. Often their operational challenges are more critical to sustainability than the management of green ITC itself. Moreover, the study of the services provided by the public sector despite large annual budgets, pointed restrictions concerning legal aspects of disability and qualification and training of its employees as limiting factors for the implementation of green management programs more extensively. / A crescente utilização de recursos de informática e comunicação nas empresas, visando modernização, agilidade, redução de custos e outros, tem trazido diversos benefícios, mas tem também se tornado um enorme problema para o planeta. A quantidade de lixo eletrônico (e-waste) gerada pelos equipamentos de informática e comunicação tem dobrado a cada cinco anos, se tornando um dos principais focos de atenção nos últimos anos. O volume de lixo eletrônico gerado pelo descarte de equipamentos de informática e comunicação (TIC), já ultrapassa a marca de 50 milhões de toneladas por ano, o que equivale a oito vezes a produção total de resíduos da cidade de São Paulo. O mercado brasileiro total de eletrônicos é considerado o quinto do mundo, depois da China, Estados Unidos, Japão e Rússia. A produção total de lixo eletrônico no Brasil em 2011 foi de um milhão de toneladas e a parte referente a equipamentos de TIC foi estimada em 98 mil toneladas. Frente a este contexto este estudo visa contribuir para a expansão do conhecimento na gestão verde da cadeia de suprimentos (GSCM) aplicado à realidade empresarial brasileira de TIC. Especificamente pretende-se identificar quais fatores influenciam o processo de adoção e aplicação da gestão verde de TIC, em grandes empresas usuárias de TIC no Brasil, a partir dos modelos propostos por Molla (2008) e Molla e Coopers (2008). Desta forma buscou-se responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: quais fatores influenciam grandes empresas usuárias de tecnologia da informação e comunicação (TIC) no Brasil na adoção de conceitos de gestão de verde? Para isto, foi realizado estudo de caso em seis grandes empresas, todas lideres em seus setores, representando grandes áreas de serviços e manufatura. Como resultado final, foi proposto um novo modelo analítico, que pareceu mais adequado ao setor de serviços. O estudo também identificou que na gestão verde de TIC empresas manufatureiras tem prioridades diferentes das de serviço. Muitas vezes seus desafios operacionais são mais críticos em relação à sustentabilidade, que a gestão verde de TIC em si. Por outro lado, o estudo dos serviços prestados pelo setor público apesar dos grandes orçamentos anuais, apontou restrições quanto aos aspectos legais e deficiência de qualificação e capacitação de seus colaboradores como fatores limitantes para a implantação de programas de gestão verde mais abrangentes.

Non-profit organisations serve disadvantaged people by fulfilling their social needs, promoting social inclusion and building economies. Non-profit organisations are confronted with a tightening funding environment, growing competition for donors and grants, rising demand for services and increasing calls for accountability. The objective of the study was to investigate the way in which non-profit organisations in the Western Cape province apply fifteen management factors of the Lussier Business Success Versus Failure Model. This model was successfully used in various parts of the world to predict the success or failure of a business. A descriptive research design, using a qualitative case-study research approach was used in this study. A purposive non-probability sampling method was applied, and convenience sampling was used to identify twelve participants from four non-profit organisations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with founders, managers and staff. Descriptive and thematic analysis techniques were utilised, and a deductive coding approach was used to develop thematic areas. Thematic analysis showed three broad themes, namely people, management, and finance. The research established that the non-profit organisations applied nine success factors of the Lussier Business Success Versus Failure Model. Non-profit organisations keep accurate records and adequate financial controls. They do have staff with management experience, while the staff have limited NPO experience. The non-profit organisations make use of professional advisors and networks. The research also revealed that non-profit organisations experience challenges with income-generating activities. They do not plan for the long term and find it difficult to retain staff. Non-profit organisations also lack critical skills, such as strategic planning, marketing management, and administrative management. Non-profit organisations need to build and maintain relationships with government bodies, support organisations and other non-profit organisations. Enhanced information sharing and relationships will reduce the dependence on government grant funding. Applying management principles will enhance the long term survival of non-profit organisations. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)