L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser l’influence des pratiques managériales des dirigeants sur la performance à l’export des PME marocaines et de vérifier le rôle médiateur de la compétitivité, en se basant sur la théorie des ressources (RBV). L’approche quantitative est principalement utilisée dans cette recherche. Les analyses de régressions linéaires multiples utilisées sur un échantillon de 100 PME marocaines pour confirmer ou infirmer treize hypothèses de recherche, révèlent que seules certaines pratiques managériales sont stratégiques et conditionnent la performance à l’export, en développant des avantages compétitifs durables. L’étude a des implications utiles pour la recherche académique, les dirigeants et les politiques publiques, fournissant des lignes directrices et des repères utiles pour une performance supérieure à l’export. L’étude peut également être proposée dans l’enseignement supérieur afin d’informer le corps enseignant et les étudiants sur le contexte des PME. Cette recherche fait partie de l’une des rares études ayant mis en évidence le rôle médiateur de la compétitivité dans le contexte des pays en développement, en particulier dans les régions du Maghreb, où on note de rares références bibliographiques dans ce domaine.Des mesures aussi bien objectives que subjectives ont été utilisées pour mesurer la performance à l’export. Un certain nombre de limites doivent par ailleurs être prises en considération dans l’évaluation des résultats et leurs implications. Les contributions ne peuvent être généralisées que si les idées supplémentaires proposées résistent à l’épreuve du temps et de l’expérience. Une limite fondamentale est que les données analysées sont transversales plutôt que longitudinales. Le cadre développé dans cette recherche peut servir de point de départ à des recherches ultérieures. Celles-ci pourraient être enrichies en explorant les divers paramètres que nous n’avons pas envisagés tels quel la culture et le cycle de vie des produits et des entreprises. Il va de soi que ces facteurs pourraient revêtir une grande importance. / The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of the managerial practices of managers on the export performance of Moroccan SMEs and to examine the mediating role of the competitiveness, based on the resource-based view (RBV) of a firmThe quantitative approach is particularly used in this study. The survey was conducted of 100 Moroccan SMEs. The multiple linear regressions employed to confirm or reject the hypotheses revealed that only certain managerial practices are strategic and can affect export performance by developing sustainable competitive advantage. The study has useful managerial implications for academics, practitioners and public policy makers, providing guidelines and interesting recommendations for a better export performance. The study can also be used in teaching. This is one of the few studies which highlighted the mediating role of the competitiveness in the context of a developing country, particularly in Maghreb regions, where the studies on this subject are rare.Both objective and subjective measures were used to measure export performance. However, the results presented in this work should be interpreted with caution, since the results have a number of limitations that should be taken into account when evaluating and generalizing their conclusions. Indeed, it is recommended that longitudinal and replication studies be undertaken, in order to ascertain the effect of the managerial practices on the export performance at different time and spatial frames. Future research should also include other important factors not analyzed in this study.

Recent organisational changes have refocused attention on the productivity and performance of sales representatives and consequently brought about a re-evaluation of the QWL these employees experience, as well as their trust in the organisation to support them. Responses to an internet-based survey methodology were analysed using quantitative techniques and structural equation modelling. Results confirm a positive relationship between Managerial Practices and Organisational Trust, and a lower relationship between the dimensions of Personality and Organisational Trust. A positive relationship was noted between QWL and Managerial Practices, and a lower relationship between QWL and the Personality constructs. This study accentuates the importance of management to be aware of the trust employees have in the organisation as well as their experience of QWL, as it seems as though the Personality traits and Managerial Practices of managers influences both the trust relationship and QWL experienced by employees. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The aim of this study was to unify a South African model of organisational trust with the globally accepted Integrative model of organisational trust on a theoretical and empirical level. The antecedents of trust in direct supervisors represented by five personality dimensions and four managerial practices were used to extract the facets of trustworthiness of ability, benevolence and integrity to create a unified trust model. Based on literature, a methodology was developed to re-assign the various dimensions on an item level into three new scales representing the antecedents of trust. Data gathered between 1995 and 2013 in South African organisations by means of the Trust Relationship Audit was used and subject matter experts reassigned the items into the three antecedents of trust. Structural equation modelling was employed to replicate the Martins (2000) model and to test the measurement and structural regression models, arriving at a five-factor model. A unified model of trust in supervisors was fitted to the data and validated. This unified model emphasises the importance of the affective component as an antecedent of trust towards supervisors in organisations in an African context. Managerial concern, based on benevolent managerial practices and communication, was found to have the biggest impact on trust. Integrity as a personality trait was the only other component that had a positive impact on trust. Contrary to most studies, ability had a minimal or negative impact on interpersonal trust in direct superiors, but is a prerequisite for high integrity and benevolence as facets of trustworthiness. Managerial ability and, to a lesser degree, a benevolent personality are necessary but not sufficient for trust to develop. Being very agreeable and competent is not sufficient to be perceived as trustworthy; managers or supervisors also need to exhibit high levels of concern and integrity. In this study the author responds to the calls in the literature that a common terminology be used in trust research. The multitude of measures causes a situation where studies and concepts cannot be compared and therefore no basis exists upon which to build trust research. Future researchers can now with confidence apply the South African model of organisational trust within the context of a globally accepted model. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'analyse du transfert de connaissances dans le contexte d'une relation de sous-traitance entre un grand donneur d'ordres et des PME sous-traitantes. Elle vise, plus particulièrement, à étudier les facteurs qui influencent ce transfert et ses implications en termes d'amélioration des pratiques managériales aussi bien du sous-traitant que de donneur d'ordres. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené une analyse empirique en deux temps : une étude auprès des experts a visé la contextualisation de la recherche et une étude de quatre études de cas dans le secteur de l'automobile marocain. La recherche met en évidence les spécificités du contexte marocain quant aux déterminants de ce processus et souligne la nécessité d'intégrer les facteurs liés à l'environnement économique et institutionnel dans l'analyse du transfert inter-organisationnel de connaissances. Notre analyse met en lumière l'importance de l'encadrement intermédiaire et de la capacité de désorption dans la réussite de transfert de connaissances entre donneur d'ordres et PME sous-traitante. / This thesis focuses on the analysis of knowledge transfer in the context of a subcontracting relationship between a prime contractor and subcontractor SMEs. It aims, in particular, to study the factors that influence this transfer and its implications in terms of improving managerial practices for the subcontractor and for the contractor as well. To do so, we conducted an empirical analysis in two stages: an experts's survey for the contextualization of research and a study of four case studies in the Moroccan automotive sector. This research highlights the specificities of the Moroccan context regarding the determinants of this process and underlines the need to incorporate factors related to the economic and institutional environment in the analysis of interorganizational knowledge transfer. Our analysis highlights the importance of middle management and desorption capacity in knowledge transfer success between contractors and subcontractor SMEs.

Recent organisational changes have refocused attention on the productivity and performance of sales representatives and consequently brought about a re-evaluation of the QWL these employees experience, as well as their trust in the organisation to support them. Responses to an internet-based survey methodology were analysed using quantitative techniques and structural equation modelling. Results confirm a positive relationship between Managerial Practices and Organisational Trust, and a lower relationship between the dimensions of Personality and Organisational Trust. A positive relationship was noted between QWL and Managerial Practices, and a lower relationship between QWL and the Personality constructs. This study accentuates the importance of management to be aware of the trust employees have in the organisation as well as their experience of QWL, as it seems as though the Personality traits and Managerial Practices of managers influences both the trust relationship and QWL experienced by employees. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Introduction: Clinical governance is part of the process of improving the quality of care and health services. The exercise of clinical governance is updated by two types of practices, strategic practices and managerial practices. In France, health manager contributes to improving quality of care. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore strategic practices and managerial practices of the French health manager, related to clinical governance by Pomey, Denis and Contandriopoulos (2008). Methodology: A qualitative and descriptive quote has been used to explore strategic practices and managerial practices of health manager, and their link to the clinical governance of Pomey and al. (2008). In June 2019, six semi-structured interviews were conducted alongside health manager of a French University affiliated Hospital. A qualitative analysis with a horizontal codification was held in order to explore strategic practices and managerial practices of each health manager participating to the research. Results: Results of this study underscore three substantial observations. First, strategic practices similar with clinical governance and managerial practices driven by health manager are innovating practices, quality culture, background, risk assessment, and knowledge improvement. Second, managerial practices driven by health manager are funds management, leadership, communication, responsibility, and teamwork. Thirdly, these two practices of clinical governance are conditioned by clinical governance’s levers. Discussion and conclusion: Results of this study lay the foundation of a new research field in proximal clinical governance and its impact on the improvement of quality and safety in health care. The exploration of clinical governance practices can contribute to highlight the role of French health manager, as his strategic and managerial practices, and his role in clinical governance. and Proximal clinical governance is, in France, represented by health manager. In conclusion, this study opens prospective research about health manager’s governance, or about clinical governance of a hospital. This study can shed light on the role of health manager in improving quality of care and services. / Contexte : La gouvernance clinique s’inscrit dans la démarche d’amélioration de la qualité des soins et des services de santé. L’exercice de la gouvernance clinique s’actualise par deux types de pratiques, les pratiques stratégiques et les pratiques managériales. En France, le cadre de santé contribue à l’amélioration de la qualité des soins. But : Le but de cette étude est d’explorer les pratiques stratégiques et managériales du cadre de santé associées à la gouvernance clinique. Méthode : Un devis qualitatif descriptif a été utilisé pour explorer les pratiques stratégiques et managériales des cadres de santé, et leurs liens avec le modèle de gouvernance clinique de Pomey, Denis et Contandriopoulos (2008). En juin 2019, six entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées auprès de cadres de santé d’un Centre Hospitalier Universitaire français. Une analyse qualitative avec une codification horizontale fut menée afin d’explorer les pratiques stratégiques et les pratiques managériales de chaque cadre de santé participant à l’étude. Résultats : Les résultats de l’étude font ressortir trois constats. Dans un premier temps, les pratiques stratégiques similaires avec la gouvernance clinique, exercées par le cadre de santé sont les pratiques d’innovation, de culture de la qualité, de formation, de gestion des risques et de développement des connaissances. Dans un second temps les pratiques managériales similaires avec la gouvernance clinique, exercées par le cadre de santé sont les pratiques de gestion des ressources, de leadership, de communication, de responsabilisation, et de mobilisation des équipes multidisciplinaires. Dans un troisième temps, ces deux types de pratiques de gouvernance clinique sont conditionnées par des leviers de gouvernance clinique. Discussion et conclusion : Au regard des résultats de cette étude exploratoire, les pratiques stratégiques et managériales des cadres de santé interrogés présentent des similarités et des divergences avec les pratiques de gouvernance clinique. L’exploration des pratiques de gouvernance clinique a permis de clarifier certains éléments du rôle du cadre de santé français ; tels que ses pratiques stratégiques et ses pratiques managériales, ainsi que son rôle de gouvernance clinique. En conclusion, cette étude permet l’ouverture de potentielles futures recherches sur la gouvernance des cadres de santé français, ou sur la gouvernance clinique d’un établissement hospitalier, avec un nombre de participants plus significatif. Ces recherches peuvent contribuer à éclairer le rôle des cadres de proximité dans l’amélioration de la qualité de soins et des services.

Swedish tech startups are at the forefront of innovation and growth. Startups however often face challenges in knowledge management, due to their fast paced growth. The purpose of this study is to explore how Swedish tech startups work with knowledge management in order to utilize inbound open innovation across a company. The study takes on an abductive approach. Furthermore, the study is qualitative including data gathered through semi-structured interviews with eleven Swedish tech startups. The findings show that the investigated tech startups work with knowledge management systems to transfer explicit knowledge, but tacit knowledge is communicated verbally, as the systems do not successfully facilitate the transfer of tacit knowledge, nor fully support the conversion from information to knowledge. Furthermore, employees have a high level of operative freedom and initiate collaboration and networking when needed. The investigated companies selectively hire like-minded people to create a culture that facilitates information sharing and collaboration through internal commitment across the organization. Top management is important to the overall structures and in communicating the company vision, while lower-level managers support and ease the daily operations. These activities strengthen a company's knowledge management and in turn its ability to utilize inbound open innovation. Overall, it is also evident that the startups are challenged by their fast paced growth, affecting all four researched dimensions of knowledge management.

The general objective of this research was to do a comparative study of the Trust Audit results - obtained during 2000 - of three Business Units of a South African Company in order to determine whether there are any significant differences between them regarding the ”Big Five” personality dimensions and the ”Managerial Practices” dimensions. Trust has been found to be an essential ingredient in all organisations, providing the impetus for employers to gain a better understanding of the building blocks of organisational trust and to restore eroded trust. The intensity of any trust relationship will depend on certain facilitators of trustworthiness which may facilitate or impede the flow of trust. Research studies indicate that organisations with high levels of trust will be more successful, adaptive, and innovative than organisations with low levels of trust or pervasive mistrust. Positive results were indicated for all Business Units regarding the personality aspects. The most positive ”Big Five” dimensions were conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness while the lowest dimension was resourcefulness. Overall results regarding managerial practices indicated that not enough information sharing took place and that this had a negative effect within the work environment. The credibility dimension, being lower than the others, indicated that better credibility of persons that are reported to, could improve trust and optimal functioning within the working environment. Team management, work support and trust relationship were viewed positively by all Business Units. One of the main conclusions of this research was that managers/leaders have a pivotal role to play in creating high-trust organisations and engendering trusting relationships. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.Comm. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Les transferts de compétences et de savoir-faire (TC / TSF) dans les organisations revêtent un enjeu stratégique pour leur survie-développement et nécessitent donc une préparation minutieuse ainsi qu’un pilotage rigoureux afin d’apporter toute leur valeur ajoutée.La première partie explicite les fondements conceptuels et méthodologiques de la recherche et présente les terrains d’investigation et d’expérimentation de nos hypothèses et outils. Elle présente les enjeux liés aux transferts de compétences et de savoir-faire à partir de l’analyse des entretiens réalisés, des dysfonctionnements et de leurs coûts cachés de régulation. Nous étudions l’importance de la définition d’une politique de TC / TSF par la direction ainsi que les rôles et les pratiques des ressources humaines dans le pilotage des compétences et de leur transfert.Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions le rôle-clé détenu par le manager de proximité, de par sa position stratégique dans l’organisation et ses pratiques managériales, dans le pilotage et la mise en œuvre de la politique de transfert de savoir-faire, ainsi que dans le suivi et le développement des performances individuelles et collectives. Nous étudions aussi les impacts socio-économiques des actions de TC / TSF et du pilotage de ces actions par les managers de proximité. Enfin, nous proposons le concept de manager de proximité-développeur en nous appuyant sur les évolutions du management au cours du XXème siècle, sur le concept de formation intégrée et l’importance de la pédagogie. Nous proposons des outils de management pour permettre aux managers de proximité de mieux piloter les TC /TSF. / The transfer of skills and know-how (TS/TKH) in organizations are of strategic importance for their survival and development and therefore require careful and rigorous control to provide any added value preparation.The first explicit conceptual and methodological research foundations and has lots of investigation and experimentation of our assumptions and tools part . It presents the issues related to the transfer of skills and know-how from the analysis of interviews, dysfunctions and their hidden regulatory costs. We study the importance of the definition of a policy of TS / TKH by management and the roles and practices of human resource skills management and transfer.In the second part, we study the key role held by the manager of proximity, its strategic position in the organization and management practices in the management and implementation of the policy of transfer of know -how, as well as in the monitoring and development of individual and collective performance. We also study the socio -economic impacts of actions TS / TKH and control these actions by local managers. Finally, we propose the concept of proximity manager - developer relying on the evolution of management in the twentieth century, the concept of integrated training and the importance of education. We offer management tools to allow local managers to better manage the TS / TKH.

The general objective of this research was to do a comparative study of the Trust Audit results - obtained during 2000 - of three Business Units of a South African Company in order to determine whether there are any significant differences between them regarding the ”Big Five” personality dimensions and the ”Managerial Practices” dimensions. Trust has been found to be an essential ingredient in all organisations, providing the impetus for employers to gain a better understanding of the building blocks of organisational trust and to restore eroded trust. The intensity of any trust relationship will depend on certain facilitators of trustworthiness which may facilitate or impede the flow of trust. Research studies indicate that organisations with high levels of trust will be more successful, adaptive, and innovative than organisations with low levels of trust or pervasive mistrust. Positive results were indicated for all Business Units regarding the personality aspects. The most positive ”Big Five” dimensions were conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness while the lowest dimension was resourcefulness. Overall results regarding managerial practices indicated that not enough information sharing took place and that this had a negative effect within the work environment. The credibility dimension, being lower than the others, indicated that better credibility of persons that are reported to, could improve trust and optimal functioning within the working environment. Team management, work support and trust relationship were viewed positively by all Business Units. One of the main conclusions of this research was that managers/leaders have a pivotal role to play in creating high-trust organisations and engendering trusting relationships. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.Comm. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)