工作中，我們常常可以發現主管與員工對於工作上有著不同的看法，這些差異不僅會影響主管與員工之間的關係，同時也會對組織績效產生影響，為重視職務角色對於公司績效衡量認知差異的影響，並增加衡量指標的多元面向，本研究期藉由導入平衡計分卡的概念，兼顧組織績效評估的均衡性。爰此，以平衡計分卡之四項構面探討職務角色對於港務公司主觀績效指標之認知差異，輔以績效指標之重要性-滿意度分析，針對各構面的指標進行剖析。 本研究以臺灣港務公司高雄港務分公司員工為填答對象，依照人員資位進行抽樣，總計發出350份問卷，共回收290份問卷，有效回收率為83%。採用量化分析方式，以LISREL進行量表之驗證性因素分析，並採用T檢定、單因子變異數分析(ANOVA)與重要性-滿意度分析(IPA)驗證各研究假設。 根據實證分析結果，本研究獲致以下四項主要結論：(1)擔任主管員工於知覺績效指標重要性認知程度高於非主管員工；(2)擔任主管員工知覺實際實施表現感受之滿意度高於非主管員工；(3)知覺績效指標重要程度與實際實施表現感受之滿意度有顯著相關；(4)不同職務角色知覺績效指標重要程度與實際實施表現感受之滿意度有差異。 本研究提出管理建議如下：於組織面可朝向(1)暢通決策管道與資訊透明化、(2)促進交流與溝通的開放、(3)朝向創新與彈性的制度設計、(4)改進人事制度、(5)檢討績效考評制度及(6)鼓勵單位間的相互合作；於員工層面應關心員工的適應情形與人際互動，增進組織認同感。 / In daily work,we can find that manager and staff have different opinion very often.This difference will not only affect the relationship between each other but also the working performance.To emphasis the different coginition of organizational performance evaluation by managerial role,and add the different dimention of performance indicators,this study use Balanced ScoreCard to make the organizational performance evaluation more balance.Therefore,the study will find out the coginition of state-owned enterprises perceived performance by managerial role in the perspective of BSC.Futhermore,we can through Importance- Performance Analysis to analysis the each dimension of BSC. This study is a case from TIPC,Port of Kaohsiung , The participants of the present study were employees and managers chosen by position in the company.Send out 350 questionaries,and 290 is returned,the responded rates is 83%.Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to examine the construct validity of adopted measurement instruments and T-test,ANOVA,IPA was employed to test the hypotheses. The main findings show that: (1) managers feel the performance indicators are more important than employees.(2) managers feel the performance indicators are more satisfied than employees.(3) the performance indicators’ importance and satisfication are significant relevance.(4) the performance indicators’ importance and satisfication will have different coginition by managerial role. Finally,few practical recommendations were made : from organizational perspect (1)open the decision making procedure and imformation.(2) letting the communication and exchange more often.(3) institution rules toward more innovate and flexible (4) change the personnel institution.(5) reviw the performance appraisal.(6) encourage sectors work together; from employee perspect:care about new staffs’ adapt situation and relationship,raising their organizational commitment.

A managerial role place great challenges on the individual from the perspective of self- management, primarily considering the challenges of that role and individual needs and values. This dissertation discusses the potential for maintaining well-being when performing in a managerial role in a supra-national corporation. The focus is primarily on the idea of flourishing (thriving) defined by the American psychologist Martin Seligman. Flourish fundamentally includes subjective, hedonic elements (experiences of joy), as well as, eudaemonic quality built on the individual but for the wider community. Flourishing is closely linked to the self-concept of the individual; its content is subjective in character. Employment in a supra-national environment includes characteristics which may reduce the quality of this for an individual. This, mainly, involves constant adapting to change, working in a turbulent environment, collaborations encountering cultural differences (national and organisational), working in a matrix structure and/or frequent emphases on hedonism or consumerism. The research is predominantly qualitative in character; mapping pivotal topics which, in the future, will require a more empirical approach. This research focuses on a deeper understanding of functional areas and strategies which...

A number of educational reform initiatives are being introduced in South Africa to address the imbalances of the past. Schools with different backgrounds are expected to implement these reform initiatives. Due to their diverse contexts, schools approach, interpret and implement these initiatives differently. Consequently, these schools demonstrate different attitudes towards these initiatives. Whole-school evaluation is one of these reform initiatives. As a result of the changes taking place in the education system in South Africa, roles performed by all stakeholders in the education system have also been affected. Since the principal is fully responsible for the proper functioning of the school, this study explored his/her managerial role in whole-school evaluation, particularly within the context of disadvantaged schools/communities. It examines how educational changes impact on the roles of the principal, particularly the principal of a disadvantaged school. The study includes a literature review from local and international perspectives of whole-school evaluation, the managerial role of the principal and disadvantaged schools/communities. A qualitative investigation of the managerial role of the principal in whole-school evaluation in the context of disadvantaged schools in KwaZulu-Natal was conducted. Data were analysed, discussed and synthesised. The study revealed that whole-school evaluation is not fully being implemented. Shortage of supervisors in the province, lack of educator training, particularly of principals in whole-school evaluation and lack of support from the Department of Education, particularly District Offices, are regarded as the major factors that impede the proper implementation of whole-school evaluation. As a result principals are not certain about the roles they should play in whole-school evaluation. The study shows that findings and recommendations of the supervisors have not been addressed. This is attributed to the poor communication between the District Office and schools to address areas identified by schools in their improvement plans. What compounds the problem is that the role of the Circuit Office in whole-school evaluation is unclear. This has a bearing on the functioning of schools because the Circuit Office is closer to the schools and should, therefore, communicate with them regularly. Based on findings, recommendations for improving the role of the principal were proposed. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Education Management)

Dissertation / This study explores the role of the principal in the management of parent involvement in secondary schools in Northern Province. A literature study investigated existing theories and models of parent involvement; parent involvement in the South African context and the provision of education in South Africa in historical perspective. It also investigated the managerial role of the principal in parent involvement. A qualitative investigation in three secondary schools in Northern Province was done. Data were gathered by means of participant observation in-depth interviews with principals and focus-group interviews with teachers and three parents on the school governing bodies. Analysed data revealed the following findings: principals lack knowledge on parent involvement and schools lack policies and organisational structures dealing with parent involvement as well as home-school relations. As a result of these findings, there is a need to equip principals with ways in which they can involve parents in their schools. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Educational Management)

A number of educational reform initiatives are being introduced in South Africa to address the imbalances of the past. Schools with different backgrounds are expected to implement these reform initiatives. Due to their diverse contexts, schools approach, interpret and implement these initiatives differently. Consequently, these schools demonstrate different attitudes towards these initiatives. Whole-school evaluation is one of these reform initiatives. As a result of the changes taking place in the education system in South Africa, roles performed by all stakeholders in the education system have also been affected. Since the principal is fully responsible for the proper functioning of the school, this study explored his/her managerial role in whole-school evaluation, particularly within the context of disadvantaged schools/communities. It examines how educational changes impact on the roles of the principal, particularly the principal of a disadvantaged school. The study includes a literature review from local and international perspectives of whole-school evaluation, the managerial role of the principal and disadvantaged schools/communities. A qualitative investigation of the managerial role of the principal in whole-school evaluation in the context of disadvantaged schools in KwaZulu-Natal was conducted. Data were analysed, discussed and synthesised. The study revealed that whole-school evaluation is not fully being implemented. Shortage of supervisors in the province, lack of educator training, particularly of principals in whole-school evaluation and lack of support from the Department of Education, particularly District Offices, are regarded as the major factors that impede the proper implementation of whole-school evaluation. As a result principals are not certain about the roles they should play in whole-school evaluation. The study shows that findings and recommendations of the supervisors have not been addressed. This is attributed to the poor communication between the District Office and schools to address areas identified by schools in their improvement plans. What compounds the problem is that the role of the Circuit Office in whole-school evaluation is unclear. This has a bearing on the functioning of schools because the Circuit Office is closer to the schools and should, therefore, communicate with them regularly. Based on findings, recommendations for improving the role of the principal were proposed. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Education Management)

Dissertation / This study explores the role of the principal in the management of parent involvement in secondary schools in Northern Province. A literature study investigated existing theories and models of parent involvement; parent involvement in the South African context and the provision of education in South Africa in historical perspective. It also investigated the managerial role of the principal in parent involvement. A qualitative investigation in three secondary schools in Northern Province was done. Data were gathered by means of participant observation in-depth interviews with principals and focus-group interviews with teachers and three parents on the school governing bodies. Analysed data revealed the following findings: principals lack knowledge on parent involvement and schools lack policies and organisational structures dealing with parent involvement as well as home-school relations. As a result of these findings, there is a need to equip principals with ways in which they can involve parents in their schools. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Educational Management)