Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Greifswald, 1903. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [7]-8).

A mandate is “a business, or element of a business, in which the subsidiary participates and for which it has responsibilities beyond its national market” (Birkinshaw, 1996, p. 467). In the past MNCs set up subsidiaries as miniature replicas of the parent firm but with a changing global market the role of the subsidiary has developed into holding specific mandates. Much has been written about how subsidiaries gain mandates, but in this paper we focus on what causes a subsidiary to lose its mandate. By using AstraZeneca’s R&D unit in Södertälje as a case we examine the loss of mandates and to what extent technological capabilities are connected to the loss of mandates. The paper shows that explaining the loss of mandates is complex and requires consideration of several perspectives. We here provide a starting point for other researchers to continue upon.

The relation between the attorney at law and the client based on the mandate contract Lucie Čabanová The purpose of this thesis was to describe the relation established between the attorney at law and his client under the mandate contract regulated by the Commercial Code. However certain rights and obligation arise also from the Advocacy act and from professional regulations and these rules are special, so they have priority over the mandate contract. There are also other circumstances under which the relation between the attorney at law and his client may occur, i.e. the attorney at law may be appointed by the decision of a court or assigned by the Czech bar association. In this thesis I concentrate mostly on the mandate contract, rights and obligations arising from it but I also mention some rules relating to the other ways of creating the legal relation between the attorney at law and the client. The relation, which comes into being, has very specific nature and although it may seem at first glance as purely economic it is also characterized by number of social, ethical and personal ties. This thesis is composed of four chapters. Chapter one is introductory and explains some crucial notions such as attorney at law, european attorney at law, client and the legal frame within which the attorney at...

A l'époque contemporaine, le mandat est l'objet d'une professionnalisation et d'une diversification. Il est, désormais, au cœur de la vie des affaires : banquiers, commerçants, chef d'entreprise, … l'utilisent afin de dynamiser leurs affaires. Le mandat se présente ainsi comme un contrat conclu principalement dans l'intérêt du mandant.Pourtant, l'étude des liens entre le mandat et la responsabilité civile montre que l'importance du bénéfice retiré par ce personnage est occultée par le danger que représenterait, pour un individu, la gestion de ses affaires par autrui. Concrètement, le droit positif et la doctrine ont tendance à apprécier sévèrement la responsabilité du mandataire, tant à l'égard du mandant qu'à l'égard des tiers. Il existe donc un certain décalage entre l'approche juridique et la réalité pratique du mandat, entre le profit et le risque. Si la première alternative se justifie, la seconde apparaît plus problématique. En effet, au regard de la spécificité altruiste du mandat, l'on pourrait se demander dans quelle mesure le mandant qui tire avantage de l'activité économique de son mandataire peut être tenu pour responsable des dommages éventuellement subis pas les tiers. / In modern times, mandate is subject to professionalization and diversification. It is now at the heart of business: bankers, businessmen, entrepreneur, ... use it to boost their business. The mandate presents itself as a contract primarily for the benefit of the principal.However, the study of the relationship between the mandate and liability shows that the importance of the benefit derived by that character is overshadowed by the danger would be for an individual, the management of its affairs by others. Specifically, the positive law and doctrine tend to severely assess the responsibility of the agent, both in respect of principal in respect of third parties. There is therefore a gap between the legal approach and the practical reality of mandate between profit and risk. If the first alternative is justified, the second is more problematic. Indeed, under the altruistic specific mandate, one might ask to what extent the client that takes advantage of the economic activity of the agent can be held liable for any damages suffered not the third party.

The purpose of the study is to determine what selected school districts throughout the state of Texas are doing to meet the Texas Gifted and Talented mandate at the high school level, grades 9-12. The study is also to help determine if more guidelines from the state are needed, or if schools are able to meet student needs and mandate requirements as they currently exist.

The election to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic took place in 2010. The theses focuses on examining of pre-election polls and election results themselves using some knowledge of game theory and public choice theory. The work describes in detail the methodology of processing election results as it works in the Czech Republic at present. Pre-election polls of selected survey agencies are compared and evaluated here. Further the theses uses an alternative approach to the distribution of seats in the Chamber of Deputies, with a focus on possible impact on the election results both in terms of the different distribution of seats, and in terms of the subsequent formation of possible coalitions. There are also discussed all possible coalitions which were suggested after the elections in 2010.

The primary purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of Utah's prereferral intervention policy on the numbers of mildly handicapped students receiving special education services. Associated with this purpose, the study was also designed to identify the (a) types of prereferral intervention procedures available in school districts, (b) extent to which the procedures were implemented by schools, (c) effectiveness of the prereferral intervention procedures for maintaining students with handicaps in regular education, and (d) degree of prereferral intervention inservice training. In addition, LEA officials' perceptions regarding the prereferral intervention process were also examined. It was expected, in light of previous research, that the prereferral intervention mandate would decrease the numbers of students classified (a) mildly handicapped, (b) learning disabled, (c) behavior disordered, and (d) intellectually handicapped. Because there was no information to suggest otherwise, it was also expected that the mandate would fail to have a differential effect on rural and urban school districts and on the numbers of students classified as severely intellectually handicapped (control variable), whereas the degree of prereferral intervention inservice training provided teachers was expected to exert a systematic influence on the outcomes. Results of the evaluation showed that the prereferral intervention mandate failed to impact the numbers of students classified (a) mildly handicapped, (b) learning disabled, (c) behavior disordered, and (d) intellectually handicapped, and (e) severely intellectually handicapped (control variable). The mandate also failed to have a differential effect on rural and urban school districts. In addition, the results of the survey indicated that LEAs have implemented a variety of prereferral intervention procedures. However, within school districts, the number of schools implementing the procedures varied. LEA officials were uncertain whether the prereferral intervention procedures were effective or whether they should be maintained. LEA officials also indicated that teachers fail to benefit from their participation in the prereferral intervention process. Furthermore, they were uncertain whether the process is a bureaucratic hurdle and whether it should be maintained. (116 pages)

In the field of International business management, there is more and more concentration on the topic about the role of subsidiaries in the Multinational corporations (MNC). Subsidiaries not only accept the order of head-quarter but also contribute the competitive advantage to MNCs. Depending upon the trend of the academic research The subject of the research focuses on the initiatives of Taiwan subsidiaries and their mandate in MNCs. Subsidiary initiative is defined as the activities subsidiaries take to increase the integration efficiency, local responsiveness and innovation activities. These activities include internal market development, external market development and innovation development. Subsidiary mandate is defined as the extended level and charter of decision making. Because subsidiaries have different value activities and charters which are set by the head-quarter, they will have different directions of their initiatives and mandate. Through the interview five subsidiaries in Taiwan such as Ciba, Philips, IBM, Sram and 3M, the basis of this research is set. First, the analysis logistic is begun from the value activities and charter of the subsidiaries set by the head-quarter. Second, we compare the types of the initiatives taken by the subsidiaries. Third, we list the mandate of the subsidiaries and compare them with the changed mandate after taking initiatives. Through the analysis step, we conclude the relationship of the subsidiary initiative and subsidiary mandate.

This project offers an alternative perspective on the appearance of new forms of political community, types of social solidarities, and intellectual spaces in the French Mandate in Syria. Most previous scholarship on this period pivots on the presumption of once-and-future nationalisms as the driving historical force. The argument here articulates this history by reinscribing it into a wartime and postwar landscape of physical destruction and mass social, intellectual, and economic trauma. Through a close examination of wide variety of French and Arabic primary sources, this project emphasizes the traumatic origins of political communities and solidarities in the space of historic Greater Syria especially the area of the French Mandate of Syria. Arising initially out of the mass physical and institutional destruction of the First World War, this situation was reified by the persistence of manifold forms of French physical, economic, and intellectual violence. While recognizing the eventual nationalist historical outcomes, this project challenges the accepted primacy of its role in defining the historical period it emerged out of. The driving historical force in this period was not an amorphous nationalism but a shattered society’s intense political, social, economic, and intellectual anxieties about their current and future place in a vastly changed world. This defined the political shape Syria would assume and better explains how Syria and the region as a whole arrived at a nationalist historical outcome. / text

Historians have often discussed the process of Zionist settlement in Ottoman and mandate Palestine as if it occurred in isolation from, and without impact on, the indigenous Palestinian Arab population. Revisionist scholars, including Gershon Shafir and Gabriel Piterberg, have challenged this portrayal. They argue that the presence of the Palestinian Arabs on the land, as well as their participation in the labour market, had a fundamental influence on the development of divergent Zionist settlement strategies. This thesis complements and supports this argument through analysis of the participation of two influential Zionists, Alexander Aaronsohn and Norman Bentwich, in a series of legal actions known as the “Zeita Lands Case”. The case itself, which took place under the British mandate between 1923 and 1931, is discussed in detail. The lives and background of Bentwich and Aaronsohn are examined in order to contextualize their participation in the case. / Graduate