Orientador: Michel Georges Albert Vincentz / Tese (outorado) - Universidade Estaulal de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T10:23:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tomaz_JuarezPires.pdf: 3125737 bytes, checksum: 8b543a90ff7edc4df818dc09a5ea0bc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Na planta modelo eudicotiledónea A. thaliana quatro genes para fatores de transcrição do tipo bZIP que são homólogos a Opaco-2 (O2) do milho, uma monocotiledônea, foram identificados. O2 é um regulador chave do metabolismo coordenado de carbono e nitrogênio e da síntese de prolaminas de reserva durante o desenvolvimento da semente. Estes quatro genes, AtbZIP9, o par de parálogos AtbZIP10 e AtbZIP25, e AtbZIP63, o provável ortólogo de O2, formam o Grupo C de genes bZIP de Arabidopsis. Sabe-se que AtbZIP9 provavelmente desempenhe um papel no processo de desenvolvimento do floema, AtbZIP10 está associado com e resposta à estresses, além de, junto com AtbZIP25, participar na regulação de genes de proteínas de reserva na semente e que AtbZIP63 pode estar envolvido com o balanço energético da planta. Para acrescentar novas informações relevantes sobre a função dos bZIPs do Grupo C e, a longo prazo, entender como a função de O2 evoluiu em angiospermas, iniciou-se neste trabalho uma caracterização detalhada da regulação dos membros do Grupo C em resposta a diversos sinais hormônais e a açúcares. Mostramos que apenas as hexoses glicose e manose e o ácido abscísico (ABA) regulam de maneira transiente a expressão dos genes bZIP do Grupo C, sugerindo que eles representam intermediários mediando as respostas a estes sinais. A glicose reprime a expressão de AtbZIP9 e de AtbZIP63 e induz a expressão de AtbZIP25, ABA reprime a expressão de AtbZIP63 e manose reprime a expressão de AtbZIP25 e de AtbZIP63. Em Arabidopsis, a hexoquinase1 (HXK1) é um sensor da glicose que ativa a síntese e sensibilidade ao ABA para inibir o desenvolvimento da plântula em resposta a glicose. Reportamos aqui que as repressões em curto prazo de AtbZIP9 e AtbZIP63 por glicose e de AtbZIP25 e AtbZIP63 por manose estão mediadas por vias de sinalização independentes de HXK1 e envolvem elementos relacionados a ABA. AtbZIP25 apresenta uma indução por glicose dependente de ABI5 e repressão por manose dependente de ABA2 e ABI4. A repressão de AtbZIP63 por glicose envolve uma via dependente de ABA2 e de ABI5 que é reprimida por ABI4. Já a repressão de AtbZIP63 por manose e de AtbZIP9 por glicose estão inseridas em vias independentes de ABA2, ABI4 e ABI5. A dependência diferencial de ABI5 e de ABI4 na regulação por glicose e manose de AtbZIP25 e de AtbZIP63, permite inferir que ambas hexoses atuam através de vias de transdução distintas e enfatiza a importância de manose como sinal metabólico de regulação. Observou-se ainda que ação conjunta de ABA e glicose apresenta um efeito sinérgico na repressão de AtbZIP63, provavelmente refletindo regulações pós-transcricionais da expressão deste gene. Os dados sugerem que AtbZIP63 representa um importante nó da comunicação entre a sinalização por ABA (estresse abiótico) e por glicose (nível energético) permitindo adequar eficientemente a resposta a estresse abiótico que seja compatível com o estado energético da organismo. / Abstract: In the model eudicot organism A. thaliana (Arabidopsis), four genes encoding bZIP transcription regulatory factors that are homologous to the maize Opaque-2 (O2) locus were identified. O2 is a key regulator of the carbon to nitrogen balance and of the prolamine type storage proteins synthesis during seed development. The Arabidopsis genes, AtbZIP9, the two paralogues AtbZIP10 and AtbZIP25 and AtbZIP63, the most probable O2-ortholgue, together form group C bZIP genes. AtbZIP9 is likely to be involved in phloem development while AtbZIP10 is related to stress responses but is also required for the regulation of seed storage protein genes very much like AtbZIP25. Finally, AtbZIP63 seems to be involved in the control of the energetic balance. In order to get new and relevant information about the role of the group C bZIP genes and consequently obtain new insight into the evolution of the O2-related functions in angiosperms, we initiated a detailed characterization of the regulation of group C members in response to hormonal signals and sugars. We show here that two hexoses, glucose and mannose as well as abscisic acid (ABA) are the only signals that transiently modulated the expression of group C bZIP genes, suggesting they are players in the response induced by these signals. While glucose is shown to repress the expression of AtbZIP9 and AtbZIP63 and to induce AtbZIP25 expression ABA is able to repress the expression of AtbZIP63 and mannose represses the expression of AtbZIP25 and AtbZIP63. In Arabidopsis, hexokinase1 (HXK1) is a glucose sensor that may trigger abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis and sensitivity to mediate glucose-induced inhibition of seedling development. We report that the short term regulation of the expression of AtbZIP9, AtbZIP63 by glucose and the repression of AtbZIP25 and AtbZIP63 by mannose are HXK1-independent and for AtbZIP25 and AtbZIP63, these regulations partly rely on ABA synthesis. It also shown that the activation of AtbZIP25 expression by glucose relies on ABI5 while its repression by mannose appears to be ABA2- and ABI4-dependent. Glucose repression of AtbZIP63 expression seems to involve an ABA2- and ABI5-dependent pathway which is repressed by ABI4. We also reveal that the regulations of AtbZIP63 by mannose and of AtbZIP9 by glucose do not require ABA, ABI4 or ABI5. The differential dependence of glucose and manose-induced regulation of AtbZIP63 and AtbZIP25 expression for ABI5 and ABI4 indicates that both hexoses act through distinct transduction pathways and highlights the importance of mannose as a regulatory metabolite. A synergetic repression of AtbZIP63 by ABA and glucose, which possibly reflects a post-transciptional regulatory scheme of AtbZIP63 expression, was uncovered. Together, the data suggests that AtbZIP63 is a key nod of the ABA (abiotic stress) and glucose (energetic balance) crosstalk network allowing to efficiently adjust the response to abiotic stresses according to the energetic status of the organism. / Tese (outorado) - Universidade / Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular

Orientador: Michel Georges Albert Vincentz / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T15:00:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Baptista_JulianaCristina_D.pdf: 14259949 bytes, checksum: d33465f0d6490d2c792f6ee701daa4bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document / Doutorado / Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento / Doutora em Genética e Biologia Molecular

Rationale: CGD is characterized by recurrent life-threatening infections with bacterial and/or fungal pathogens and granuloma formation. This is caused by defects in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase systems. Deficiency of MBL caused by mutations in the coding part of the MBL2 gene is associated with increased risk and severity of infections and autoimmunity. Combined deficiencies of MBL and NADPH oxidase have not been described commonly, and we report one such case. Methods: The patient records were reviewed, and laboratory data collected. Genetic mutation analysis for MBL2 gene was done at IBT laboratory while CGD mutation analysis is pending. Results: A 2 y/o Caucasian male presents with an intermittent fever for several weeks with an enlarging blister in the right anterolateral thigh. The patient had a history of recurrent pneumonias. Chest CT demonstrated prominent interstitial markings with pulmonary nodules. Lung Biopsy revealed multifocal nodular necrotizing granulomas. Neutrophil Oxidative Burst Test was consistent with X-linked CGD (Patient 14.3/Control 1375.5). The serum level of MBL was 25ng/mL (N=>500). MBL genetic analysis showed LXPA/LYPB (the latter being the defective haplotype). Elevated CRP and polyclonal hyperglobulinemia were consistent with previous report in CGD. The patient was treated with itraconazole, bactrim and interferon gamma with consistent improvement. Conclusions: The role of MBL deficiency in this patient with severe necrotizing granulomatous disease of the lung is unclear. However it seems likely that MBL defects will contribute to worse infections in patients with phagocyte malfunction. The true prevalence of MBL defect in CGD needs to be studied.

No description available.

Les objectifs expérimentaux de ce projet étaient en premier lieu de comparer la digestibilité d'une source de cuivre (Cu) et de zinc (Zn) organiques (protéinate de minéral) par rapport à une forme inorganique (sulfate), et en deuxième lieu de vérifier l'impact des mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) sur la digestibilité des minéraux, le pH intestinal et la production d'acides gras volatiles. Vingt-huit porcs d'environ 25 kg ont reçu aléatoirement quatre traitements enrichis avec 10 ppm de Cu et 100 ppm de Zn. Les traitements impliquaient l'utilisation d'une source inorganique ou organique, et l'absence ou la présence de mannan-oligossacharides. Les résultats montrent que la source organique a amélioré la digestibilité (P<0,01) et l'utilisation nette (P<0,01) du Cu. En revanche, les MOS n'ont eu comme seul effet de montrer une tendance (P<0,10) à augmenter la digestibilité et l'utilisation nette du Cu en présence d'une source inorganique de minéraux. Bref, la source organique a permis une meilleure digestibilité et utilisation du Cu, alors que le MOS n'a engendré aucune modification de l'environnement intestinal qui aurait pu modifier de façon significative l'absorption du Zn et du Cu.

Le développement de thérapies personnalisées et non invasives représente un challenge majeur en cancérologie et l'utilisation de nano-outils multifonctionnels combinés à de nouveaux biomarqueurs spécifiques des cellules cancéreuses apportent une solution de choix. Le cancer de la prostate est le cancer le plus diagnostiqué et représente la seconde cause de mortalité par cancer chez l'homme. Il est primordial de pouvoir diagnostiquer et traiter ces tumeurs dès les stades précoces afin d'améliorer la survie et la prise en charge des patients. L'objectif de cette thèse a été d'étudier le potentiel d'une lectine membranaire, le récepteur du mannose 6-phosphate cation-indépendant (RM6P-CI), en tant que biomarqueur des cancers de la prostate. Dans un premier temps, l'analyse de l'expression du RM6P-CI a été réalisée sur des tissus prostatiques sains et cancéreux. La découverte d'une surexpression spécifique par les cellules cancéreuses de la prostate a permis de caractériser le R6MP-CI comme nouveau marqueur diagnostique et d'envisager son ciblage pour la thérapie photodynamique des cancers de la prostate. Des nanoparticules de silice mésoporeuse ont donc été fonctionnalisées spécifiquement pour la thérapie photodynamique avec l'encapsulation de photosensibilisateurs mono ou bi-photoniques et le couplage de ligands stables, analogues du M6P naturel, pour le ciblage des RM6P-CI. Le potentiel phototoxique in vitro et ex vivo de ces nano-outils a été démontré ainsi que l'internalisation spécifique par le RM6P-CI. La propriété fluorescente des nanoparticules biphotoniques a permis d'autre part d'imager les cellules cancéreuses de la prostate et de proposer ainsi leur utilisation dans un but théranostique (thérapie et diagnostic) des cancers de la prostate. / The development of personalized and non invasive therapies represents a major challenge in cancer and the use of multifunctional nano-tools combined with new specific biomarkers of cancer cells an appropriate solution. The prostate cancer is the most diagnosed malignancy and the second cause of cancer death in men. It is essential to diagnose and treat these tumors from the early stages to improve the survival and the care of patients. The aim of this thesis was to study the potential of a membrane lectin, the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR) as a biomarker for prostate cancer. Firstly, the analysis of the expression of CI-M6PR was performed on healthy and cancer prostate tissues. The discovery of a specific overexpression by prostate cancer cells allows to propose CI-M6PR as a new diagnostic marker and we considered its targeting for photodynamic therapy of prostate cancers. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles have been functionalized specifically for photodynamic therapy with the encapsulation of one or two-photon photosensitizers and the grafting of stable ligands, analogues of the natural M6P, for the CI-M6PR targeting. The phototoxic potential in vitro and ex vivo of these nano-tools was demonstrated in addition to the specific M6PR internalization pathway. Moreover, the two-photon fluorescence property of the nanoparticles led to the imaging of prostate cancer cells and thus suggests their use for theranostic (therapy and diagnosis) purpose of prostate cancers.

La reconnaissance moléculaire est un phénomène omniprésent dans les systèmes vivants et intervient dans de nombreux processus biologiques comme la reconnaissance cellulaire ou encore la transmission de signaux par les neurotransmetteurs. L’élaboration de molécules synthétiques capables de mimer l’action des récepteurs naturels en complexant sélectivement un substrat cible est, à l’heure actuelle, très recherchée pour la détection ou le diagnostic en biologie et médecine. Parmi l’ensemble des récepteurs synthétiques, les hémicryptophanes sont des molécules cages composées d’un cyclotribenzylène connecté à une autre unité moléculaire par trois bras espaceurs. Les travaux de cette thèse reposent sur l’élaboration de nouveaux hémicryptophanes et l’étude de leurs propriétés de complexation vis-à-vis de molécules d’intérêt biologique. Dans un premier temps, la chiralité de ces récepteurs a été utilisée pour étudier leurs propriétés de reconnaissance stéréosélective face à différents sucres et analogues de neurotransmetteurs. De bonnes diastéréosélectivités et énantiosélectivités ont ainsi pu être observées en milieu organique pour les substrats étudiés. En parallèle, plusieurs hémicryptophanes hydrosolubles ont été synthétisés et ont permis de reconnaitre sélectivement des neurotransmetteurs comme la choline dans l’eau. Enfin, une dernière partie de cette thèse à été consacrée à la mise en place d’une voie de synthèse pour rendre ces récepteurs fluorescents, dans le but d’élaborer par la suite des sondes moléculaires capables de détecter et de suivre spatio-temporellement des molécules d’intérêt biologique dans les systèmes vivants par fluorescence. / Molecular recognition is a very important phenomenon for living systems as it occurs in many biological processes like cell-cell recognition or transmission of signals by neurotransmitters. Nowadays, the design of synthetic host molecules able to mimic natural receptors by complexing selectively a target substrate, is much sought-after for detection or diagnostic in biology and medicine. Among all the different synthetic receptors, hemicryptophanes are cage-shape molecules which are composed of a cyclotribenzylene moiety connected to another molecular unit by three spacer arms. This thesis is about the synthesis of new hemicryptophanes and the study of their complexation properties toward biologically important molecules. First, the stereoselective recognition of carbohydrates and neurotransmitter analogues by these chiral receptors was investigated in organic solvents and revealed good enantioselectivities and diastereoselectivities. In parallel, several water-soluble hemicryptophanes were synthesized and showed an aptitude for recognizing selectively ammonium substrates like choline in water. The last part was devoted to the development of a synthetic pathway to make hemicryptophanes fluorescent, in order to design molecular probes able to track biologically important molecules in living systems by fluorescence.

The immune system often recognises tumour cells and infectious agents from the unique peptides found on their surfaces therefore, synthetic peptides of similar structure can be used as vaccines to stimulate the immune system. Despite the problems associated with proteolysis and delivery to the immune system, peptide-based vaccines have enormous potential due to their ease of synthesis and purification. The aim of this research was to synthesise ligands for mannose receptors (MRs) that are found on human Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs), for use in synthetic vaccines. Carbohydrate bearing antigens are recognised by MRs which play an important role in binding antigens, migration of dendritic cells (DCs) and interaction of DCs with lymphocytes. Hence, incorporation of a sugar residue into a peptide chain can be used to enhance antigen presentation. This thesis describes the synthesis of fluorescein labelled O-mannosylated peptides using either manual or microwave assisted solid phase glycopeptide synthesis (SPGS) on pre-loaded WANG resin. The mannosylated peptides thus prepared can be tested for their ability to bind mannose receptors on human APCs in vitro. In order to prepare compounds that could be analysed in biological screens, a fluorescent label (5(6)-carboxyfluorescein) was introduced into the glycopeptides via the Nα- or the Nε-amino group of the lysine residue. It was found that preparation of the glycopeptide was more facile when the peptide chain was built onto the Nε of Lys (label into Nα) rather than onto the Nα of Lys (label into Nε). In order to overcome problems experienced when introducing more than one glycosylated building block into the peptide chain, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker was employed as a sugar carrier. It was found that mono- and dimannosylated building blocks attached to PEG carrier were incorporated more easily into the peptide chain compared to mono- and dimannosylated serine units. Importantly, microwave technology (CEM Liberty microwave peptide synthesiser) was used for SPGS which resulted in improved purity and yields of the glycopeptides thus prepared with a significant reduction in reaction times. The first fifteen glycopeptides prepared in the present study were tested for binding to mannose receptors. Several compounds have shown improved binding to monocytes (bear MRs) in comparison to lymphocytes (do not bear MRs), in the presence of calcium ions. Calcium dependent binding is specific for C type lectin receptor family that MRs belong to. Five remaining glycopeptides are currently undergoing biological evaluation.

The immune system often recognises tumour cells and infectious agents from the unique peptides found on their surfaces therefore, synthetic peptides of similar structure can be used as vaccines to stimulate the immune system. Despite the problems associated with proteolysis and delivery to the immune system, peptide-based vaccines have enormous potential due to their ease of synthesis and purification. The aim of this research was to synthesise ligands for mannose receptors (MRs) that are found on human Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs), for use in synthetic vaccines. Carbohydrate bearing antigens are recognised by MRs which play an important role in binding antigens, migration of dendritic cells (DCs) and interaction of DCs with lymphocytes. Hence, incorporation of a sugar residue into a peptide chain can be used to enhance antigen presentation. This thesis describes the synthesis of fluorescein labelled O-mannosylated peptides using either manual or microwave assisted solid phase glycopeptide synthesis (SPGS) on pre-loaded WANG resin. The mannosylated peptides thus prepared can be tested for their ability to bind mannose receptors on human APCs in vitro. In order to prepare compounds that could be analysed in biological screens, a fluorescent label (5(6)-carboxyfluorescein) was introduced into the glycopeptides via the Nα- or the Nε-amino group of the lysine residue. It was found that preparation of the glycopeptide was more facile when the peptide chain was built onto the Nε of Lys (label into Nα) rather than onto the Nα of Lys (label into Nε). In order to overcome problems experienced when introducing more than one glycosylated building block into the peptide chain, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker was employed as a sugar carrier. It was found that mono- and dimannosylated building blocks attached to PEG carrier were incorporated more easily into the peptide chain compared to mono- and dimannosylated serine units. Importantly, microwave technology (CEM Liberty microwave peptide synthesiser) was used for SPGS which resulted in improved purity and yields of the glycopeptides thus prepared with a significant reduction in reaction times. The first fifteen glycopeptides prepared in the present study were tested for binding to mannose receptors. Several compounds have shown improved binding to monocytes (bear MRs) in comparison to lymphocytes (do not bear MRs), in the presence of calcium ions. Calcium dependent binding is specific for C type lectin receptor family that MRs belong to. Five remaining glycopeptides are currently undergoing biological evaluation.

The immune system often recognises tumour cells and infectious agents from the unique peptides found on their surfaces therefore, synthetic peptides of similar structure can be used as vaccines to stimulate the immune system. Despite the problems associated with proteolysis and delivery to the immune system, peptide-based vaccines have enormous potential due to their ease of synthesis and purification. The aim of this research was to synthesise ligands for mannose receptors (MRs) that are found on human Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs), for use in synthetic vaccines. Carbohydrate bearing antigens are recognised by MRs which play an important role in binding antigens, migration of dendritic cells (DCs) and interaction of DCs with lymphocytes. Hence, incorporation of a sugar residue into a peptide chain can be used to enhance antigen presentation. This thesis describes the synthesis of fluorescein labelled O-mannosylated peptides using either manual or microwave assisted solid phase glycopeptide synthesis (SPGS) on pre-loaded WANG resin. The mannosylated peptides thus prepared can be tested for their ability to bind mannose receptors on human APCs in vitro. In order to prepare compounds that could be analysed in biological screens, a fluorescent label (5(6)-carboxyfluorescein) was introduced into the glycopeptides via the Nα- or the Nε-amino group of the lysine residue. It was found that preparation of the glycopeptide was more facile when the peptide chain was built onto the Nε of Lys (label into Nα) rather than onto the Nα of Lys (label into Nε). In order to overcome problems experienced when introducing more than one glycosylated building block into the peptide chain, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker was employed as a sugar carrier. It was found that mono- and dimannosylated building blocks attached to PEG carrier were incorporated more easily into the peptide chain compared to mono- and dimannosylated serine units. Importantly, microwave technology (CEM Liberty microwave peptide synthesiser) was used for SPGS which resulted in improved purity and yields of the glycopeptides thus prepared with a significant reduction in reaction times. The first fifteen glycopeptides prepared in the present study were tested for binding to mannose receptors. Several compounds have shown improved binding to monocytes (bear MRs) in comparison to lymphocytes (do not bear MRs), in the presence of calcium ions. Calcium dependent binding is specific for C type lectin receptor family that MRs belong to. Five remaining glycopeptides are currently undergoing biological evaluation.