Dans les domaines de la réhabilitation, des sciences du sport et de l'ergonomie, l'évaluation des capacités de génération de force (CGF) peut aider à mieux comprendre les capacités motrices humaines. Le but de cette thèse a été d'évaluer les CGF du membre supérieur prédites au moyen de deux types de formalismes. Le premier provient du domaine de la robotique et a été utilisé pour déterminer l'ellipsoïde de force normalisé (EFN) et biomécanique (EFB), le polytope de force normalisé (PFN) et biomécanique (PFB). Pour une posture, ils sont calculés à partir d’un modèle polyarticulé du membre supérieur et de données sur les couples articulaires isométriques maximaux. Le second type fait appel à un modèle musculosquelettique afin de modéliser les CGF sous la forme d’un polytope de forces (PFMS). Tous ces modèles ont été comparés à un polytope de forces mesurées (PFM). Pour le construire, les forces maximales isométriques exercées par le membre supérieur au niveau de la main ont été évaluées dans vingt-six directions différentes. Enfin, le PFMS a été appliqué dans le cadre de la propulsion en fauteuil roulant afin de caractériser l'application des forces lors de cette tâche et un nouvel indice d’évaluation de la performance postural (IPP) a été proposé. / In fields like rehabilitation, sports sciences and ergonomics, the evaluation of the force feasible set (FFS) of the human limbs may help to better understand the human motor abilities. The aim of this thesis was to compare the upper-limb force capacity at the hand predicted by two different kinds of FFS formalism. The first one originating from the robotics field was used to compute the force ellipsoid (FE), scaled force ellipsoid (SFE), force polytope (FP) and scaled force polytope (SFP). For one posture, they are computed from the upper-limb model and hypotheses and data on maximum isometric joint torques. The second one permitted to compute the FFS modeled as a force polytope from a musculoskeletal model (MSFP). All the previously mentioned models were compared with a measured force polytope (MFP). To construct it, the maximum isometric forces exerted at the hand were assessed in twenty-six directions of the Cartesian space. Then, the MSFP was applied to the manual wheelchair propulsion in order to characterize the forces applied on the handrim during this task and a new evaluation index of postural performance (IPP) was also introduced.

Documento confidencial. Não pode ser disponibilizado / Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Mecânica. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2010

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil. Construções. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012

Tese de mestrado. Ciência da Informação. Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Engenharia. 2011

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Book Summary: Written by a well-known and respected researcher in the field of child development, this TOPICALLY organized text uses unique and effective pedagogy as the framework of the entire text. Designed to demonstrate how research translates into practice with accessible writing, a modular format, and application-based features such as: Focus on Research, Real Children, Cultural Influences, and Child and Development and Family Policy.

Book Summary: For Child Development courses in Psychology, Education, Human Development, Child and Family Studies, and Early Childhood Education. Research Made Relevant Written by a well-known and respected researcher in the field of child development, this TOPICALLY organized text uses unique and effective pedagogy as the framework of the entire text. Designed to demonstrate how research translates into practice with accessible writing, a modular format, and application-based features such as: Focus on Research, Cultural Influences, Spotlight on Theories, Improving Children’s Lives, and Child and Development and Family Policy.

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