Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_giusepe_stefanello.pdf: 2272777 bytes, checksum: 97c1ff8637ae6d298ecef527b42a16bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-21 / The crops of corn and beans are sown on a large number of small farms where conventional tillage is commonly used. The farmers are interested in adopting no tillage farming. However, small planters suited for this purpose are not available in the market. The portable hand seeder (jab-type) was found to be used for more than half of these farmers, including direct seeding, in southern Brazil. Despite the positive factors of their use, there are field capacity and operating performance constraints as well as ergonomic problems. Companies are not interested in designing equipment better suited for this segment, continuing to produce old-fashioned planters. It is urgent to develop equipment of this size in order to enhance the sowing quality of these crops and to reduce the difficulty of the work of these farmers. The aim of this work was to conduct informational and conceptual design phases of a human-powered planter for direct seeding of corn and beans employing a design methodology. Drill concepts capable of performing tillage and no-tillage seeding have been developed, focusing on real technological needs related to the cultivation of these crops. One was chosen, among the concepts of the planters, which evolved into a final design, using currently existing principles of solution, obtaining the design of a push punch planter with superior characteristics when compared with the planters currently available. The concept is formed by a tubular steel frame, a ring-type vertical seed meter, nine punchers, depth gauge wheels and closure and firming wheel, enabling sowing quality, minimum soil disturbance and hence minimum energy demand / O milho e o feijão são semeados em grande número de pequenas propriedades agrícolas e geralmente em sistema convencional de cultivo. Há interesse dos agricultores familiares em migrar para o sistema de semeadura direta, porém não estão disponíveis no mercado semeadoras de pequeno porte adequadas para esse fim. Na região sul do Brasil foi constatada a utilização de semeadoras manuais portáteis (saraquá) por mais da metade desses agricultores, inclusive para semeadura direta. Apesar dos fatores positivos da sua utilização, há restrições de capacidade e desempenho operacional, além de problemas ergonômicos. As empresas não se interessam em projetar equipamentos mais adequados para esse segmento, continuando a produzir semeadoras antiquadas. É urgente o desenvolvimento de equipamentos desse porte, que confiram maior qualidade na semeadura dessas culturas e reduzam a dificuldade de trabalho desses agricultores. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi, através de metodologia de projeto, realizar as fases de projeto informacional e projeto conceitual de uma semeadora de tração humana para semeadura direta de milho e feijão. Foram desenvolvidas concepções capazes de realizar semeadura direta e convencional, focando nas reais necessidades tecnológicas relativas ao cultivo dessas culturas. Foi escolhida uma, dentre as concepções da semeadora, a qual evoluiu para a concepção final, utilizando princípios de solução existentes e atualmente empregados, obtendo-se a concepção de uma semeadora puncionadora de empurrar com características superiores em relação às semeadoras atualmente disponíveis. A mesma é constituída de estrutura tubular de aço, um dosador tipo anel vertical, nove puncionadores, rodas limitadoras de profundidade e roda cobridora compactadora, que permitem a semeadura com qualidade, mínimo revolvimento do solo e, consequentemente, mínima demanda energética.

I detta arbete har kommunikationen av teknisk information varit i fokus. Som en fallstudie används en operatörsmanual och en instruktions- och reservdelsmanual för en fyllare NM-602 åt Norden Machinery AB. Norden Machinery AB är världsledande inom tubhantering och tillverkar omkring 150 tubfyllarsystem per år. Maskinen som manualerna tillhör är en medelstor maskin som fyller 60 tuber/minut och är såld till Sirius Machinery Inc. i USA som är ett syskonbolag till Norden Machinery AB. Till maskinen hör en operatörsmanual som är det dokument som alltid ska finnas tillhands för dem som sköter maskinen, här ska all information som behövs för den dagliga driften finnas. Till maskinen hör även en instruktions- och reservdelsmanual som är mer ingående och beskriver hur maskinen fungerar och hur den är uppbyggd. För att sammanställa manualen har jag använt mig av flera olika datorprogram. Det som kanske är mest speciellt är Zert Infologic då Norden är ett av de första företagen som använder sig av detta program. Zert Infologic är specialtillverkat för att hantera stora mängder av teknisk information. Med hjälp av Shannon & Weavers kommunikationsmodell analyserades informationen i manualerna. Viktiga aspekter var uur informationen når kunden och om det finns brus som kan störa eller komplicera denna process. Speciellt fokus var på bruset, vilket gav resultatet att det som framför allt hindrar informationen att nå sin destination är brister i språket i manualen, den tekniska nivån på manualen och kunskapen hos författaren av manualen. / In this work, the focus is on communication of technical information. As a case study was used an assignment to make an operator’s manual and an instruction manual as well as a manual for spare parts concerning the filler NM-602 for Norden Machinery AB. Norden Machinery AB is world leading within tube handling and produces about 150 tube filling systems a year. The manuals belongs to a middle size machine that fills 60 tubes per minute, the buyer is Sirius Machinery Inc. in the USA, which is a company in the same concern as Norden Machinery. To the machine belongs an operator manual which is the document that is always supposed to be beside the machine and provides information about the daily routine. The machined also has an instruction manual and spare part manual, these are more detailed and they describe how the machine is built. In order to produce these manuals I used different computer programs. The one that is more special is Zert Infologic, because Norden Machinery is one of the first companies to use this program. Zert Infologic is specially designed to manage large amounts of technical information. Shannon and Weavers communication model was used to analyse the information in the manuals.. An important aspect were how does the information get transmitted to the customer and if there is noise that disturbes or complicates the process. With a special focus on noise, the results indicate that the main obstacles to the successful information transmission are the language in the manual, the technical level of the manual and the knowledge of the writer.

Arbetet genomfördes i samarbete med Falu Basket som var i behov av en ny grafisk profil, då deras befintliga var osammanhängande och inte attraherade deras målgrupp. Vi ställde oss frågan: Hur kan Falu Baskets grafiska profil moderniseras så att den attraherar målgruppen, medlemmar i föreningen i åldrarna 10–15 år? Det genomfördes en intervju med en styrelsemedlem i syfte att ta fram fakta om föreningen och för att få en bättre förståelse för hur de ville identifiera sig. Två visuella innehållsanalyser utfördes på basketlag i Norra Svealand för att ta reda på hur konkurrenternas logotyper och profilkläder såg ut. En enkätundersökning genomfördes på Falu Baskets medlemmar för att kunna utforma en logotyp efter deras önskemål. Utöver det genomfördes en webbenkätundersökning på Grafiskt kunniga för att kunna ta fram teckensnitt till en grafisk manual och Falu Baskets hemsida. För att ta fram en design till Falu Baskets profilkläder genomfördes en fokusgrupp med Falu Baskets målgrupp. Metoderna gav underlag till att utforma den nya grafiska profilen. Resultatet blev en könsneutral logotyp som attraherade målgruppen. Profilkläderna utformades efter målgruppens önskemål och resultatet från den visuella innehållsanalysen. Teckensnitten som valdes ansågs passa till logotypen och vara moderna. Resultaten från undersökningen gav oss underlag att skapa en väl genomarbetad grafisk profil i form av en grafisk manual som var sammanhängande, modern, könsneutral och tilltalade målgruppen. / This assignment was done in cooperation with Falu Basket, who were in need of a new graphical profile because their current ones were incoherent and did not attract their intended audience. We asked us the question: ”How can Falu Basket 's old graphic identity be modernized so that it attracts their intended target group, members of the organization in the ages between 10 and 15 years?”. An interview was conducted with a board member for the purpose of gathering facts about the organization and to get a better understanding of how they would like to identify themselves. To get a better view of what other competing basketball organizations logos and profile clothes looked like, two visual content analyses was performed. A survey was conducted on the members of Falu Basket to be able to design a logo based on their requests. In addition to these, a web survey was given to people who were graphically knowledgeable in order to derive a suitable font to a graphical manual and for Falu Basktes website. To develop a design for Falu Baskets profile clothes, a focus group with participants from the target group was performed. All of these methods combined gave the basis for the design of the new graphical profile. The resulting logotype that was designed became a gender neutral logo which attracted the target group. The profile clothes were designed with regards to the requests of the target group and the results from the visual content analyses. The selected fonts were considered modern and a suitable match to the finished logotype. The results from the survey gave a basis to design a functional graphic identity , a graphic manual which were coherent, modern, gender neutral and which addressed the target group.

Tourette’s is currently considered a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder. Georges Gilles de la Tourette is given primary credit for the diagnoses of the disorder in the late 1800s. Clear answers have been elusive although modern research and improvements to neuroimaging have enabled the causal factors of Tourette’s Disorder (TD) to be examined with greater scrutiny. Currently, there is no known cure or pharmaceutical treatment that has been proven 100% effective for all patients and symptoms of Tourette’s. Anecdotally, there have been recent media and self-reports of people diagnosed with Tourette’s finding relief from their symptoms through involvement in focus-based activities such as video games, athletic endeavors and musical engagement, albeit little empirical evidence exists on these subjects. The author is seeking empirical data showing the influence of musical engagement on the symptoms of Tourette’s. This research does not focus on the receptive activity of listening to music, but engagement. This performance-based music making or engagement can be described as the body being physically involved in the creation and production of music which comes from such activities as playing a musical instrument or singing. This study seeks to answer the question, “does musical engagement influence the symptoms of Tourette’s?” A self-reported survey instrument was generated to question those claiming to be musicians who have been diagnosed with TD to explore what effect engaging in a musical activity has on their symptoms. Participants’ responses to ten questions were analyzed. The survey apex involved a Likert-type scale asking to what extent these musicians experienced changes in their symptoms. One hundred eighty-three (N = 183) respondents rated their perceptions from one to five where one equaled drastic symptoms increase by engaging in a musical activity and five equaled drastic symptoms decrease. The mean response from the scale was 4.45, clearly showing that these musicians with TD experienced a great deal of relief when engaged in their activity. This study presents evidence and support for research into neurodevelopmental and musical training correlations and a strong case for childhood music education as a means to facilitate this training.

Introdução. Leishmanioses são zoonoses que têm como agentes etiológicos tripanossomatídeos de várias espécies do gênero Leishmania. Elas são transmitidas aos hospedeiros vertebrados por Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae). As infecções por Leishmania podem se manifestar nas formas visceral (LV) e tegumentar (LT); ambas são sérios problemas de saúde pública no Brasil, que se encontra entre os países do mundo com as mais altas incidências. Dentre as atividades de controle das leishmanioses, as da vigilância entomológica estão voltadas para a redução da taxa de contato dos vetores com os hospedeiros vertebrados e identificar áreas de risco de transmissão. Neste sentido, a detecção de fêmeas de flebotomíneos naturalmente infectadas por Leishmania constitui-se numa das estratégias. Essa detecção pode ser realizada apenas por meio de análises moleculares ou estas serem precedidas de dissecção das fêmeas para observação da presença de flagelados em seus tratos digestórios. A observação dessas formas no trato digestório pode indicar a capacidade do parasita em resistir aos processos de sua eliminação, dependendo do local onde se encontra, e a que subgênero (Leishmania ou Viannia) pertence. No Brasil, a LV tem sido associada a espécie Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum. A LT tem como agentes espécies de ambos os subgêneros. O presente projeto teve como objetivo desenvolver um manual no qual são descritos os processos para se realizar a investigação da infecção natural por flagelados em fêmeas de flebotomíneos. Materiais e Métodos. Para a elaboração do manual foram examinadas fêmeas selvagens e outras provenientes de colônias alimentadas em hamsters infectados experimentalmente por Leishmania braziliensis e, posteriormente, dissecadas e examinadas em microscópio. Os parasitas utilizados nos experimentos de infecção em laboratório são oriundos de cultivos mantidos em laboratório. As espécies examinadas foram Lutzomyia longipalpis, Nyssomyia neivai e Pintomyia fischeri. Foram descritos os cuidados necessários à preservação dos espécimes em campo e transporte ao laboratório, de modo a tornar viável a dissecção e exame dos espécimes. As capturas realizadas em campo para o estudo permitiram tanto a obtenção dos espécimes como a elaboração do item que trata dos cuidados com as amostras. A documentação das múltiplas etapas de dissecção e exame dos espécimes necessários para o estudo foram realizados por meio de câmera fotográfica acoplada a microscópio óptico. Resultados. São apresentados na forma de manual. Neste são descritos e ilustrados aspectos das técnicas de captura, cuidados com os insetos no campo e laboratório, transporte de amostras vivas, o processo de dissecção da fêmea e a observação de seu tubo digestório para a investigação da presença de flagelados, e de estruturas de sua genitália, para a identificação da espécie de flebotomíneo. Apresenta-se ainda um protocolo a ser utilizado na preservação dos espécimes que forem encontrados infectados para posterior análise molecular e identificação específica do parasita. Conclusões. Com os tópicos apresentados no manual, espera-se contribuir com o programa vigilância epidemiológica das leishmanioses, em atividades da vigilância entomológica voltadas para a identificação de áreas de risco de transmissão dessas doenças e obter evidências que apontem para o potencial de espécies que possam estar atuando como vetores permissíveis de Leishmania spp. / Introduction. Leishmaniases are zoonoses having trypanosomatids of several species of the genus Leishmania as etiological agents, transmitted to vertebrate hosts by the bite of females of Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae). These parasitoses can manifest in visceral (VL) and tegumentary (TL) forms, both being serious public health problems in Brazil, which is among the countries of the world with the highest incidence rates. Among the activities of control of leishmaniases, those of entomological surveillance are aimed at reducing the contact rate of the vectors with the vertebrate hosts and also to identify areas in risk of the disease transmission. In this sense, the detection of sand fly females naturally infected with Leishmania is one of the strategies. This detection can be carried out exclusively by means of molecular analyzes or these being preceded by dissection of the females to observe the presence of flagellates in their guts. The observation of flagellate forms in the gut indicates the ability of the parasites to resist the processes of their elimination, and also to identify the subgenus (Leishmania or Viannia) to which the parasites belong. In Brazil, the VL infection is attributed to Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, while in TL, there are various agents belonging to both subgenera. Objective. To develop a manual in which the processes for the investigation of the natural infection by flagellates in sand fly females are described and illustrated. Material and Method. For the construction of the manual, observation of infection by flagellates was made through the dissection of wild or laboratory females of Lutzomyia longipalpis, Nyssomyia neivai and Pintomyia fischeri, experimentally infected with Leishmania braziliensis. The description of care in the preservation of the specimens in the field and in their transport to the laboratory, in order to make feasible the dissection, was made based on the collection undertaken in this project. The documentation was made by means of a photographic camera coupled to an optical microscope. Result. A manual is presented describing and illustrating aspects of collection techniques, insect care in the field and laboratory, transport of the live samples, the dissection process and observation, respectively, of the female gut for the investigation of the flagellate presence and genitalia structure for the identification of the phlebotomine species. Protocol is also presented to be used in the preservation of the specimens found infected for subsequent molecular analysis and the specific identification of the parasite. Conclusions. With the topics presented in this manual, we intend to contribute to the program of epidemiological surveillance of leishmaniases, in activities of entomological surveillance, in the identification of areas of risk of transmission of these diseases, as well as to obtain evidence about the potential of species that may act as permissible vectors of Leishmania spp.

The thesis is focused on defining the quality and environmental management system and its applications, as it is required by ISO standards. Document management system for a specific Slovak corporation was elaborated according to current standards. In accordance with STN EN ISO 9001, the quality manual and politics were prepared. In accordance with STN EN ISO 14001, manual and politics of environmental management were elaborated.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:18:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4776.pdf: 3479147 bytes, checksum: bd8a5e58a493a5b743f5a6e01d062453 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-17 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Voluntary manual actions over objects emerge during the first half year of infants lives. These actions evolve from an exploratory characteristic to functional manipulative use of objects and its development is mediated by the limbs motor skill, by the experience in the task, and by the object properties. Research in the field has suggested that the perceptual-motor experiences arising from manual actions change the infants interactions with the world and impact their motor, perceptual and cognitive development. The first study of this manuscript is a literature review aimed at gathering information on the role of risk factors for developmental delay in the performance of exploratory actions over objects, and on the theoretical and methodological aspects underlying the assessment of these actions. The results from Study 1 showed that different risk conditions affect infants performance in particular ways. Few studies have investigated the early development of exploratory actions in infants at risk and taken into account the remarkable changes in motor skill seen in the period of emergence of reaching. Therefore, in Study 2 the development of exploratory actions was assessed in 16 typically-developing (TD) infants and 9 infants with Down syndrome (DS) at the age of reaching onset and the two subsequent months, considering the infants group and the object properties of size and rigidity. The results showed that infants with DS reach for and explore objects less frequently than TD infants, especially the small objects. Infants from both groups changed the amount of reaches with the experience in grasping, but only TD infants changed the amount of exploration in the same period. Pre-grasping actions were different for each object, but less efficient in generating action-relevant information in the DS group. These infants also performed fewer behaviors that required greater motor skill. To obtain a longitudinal view of the development of manual actions, 13 of the same participants were reassessed at the age 2 years, and the results are presented in Study 3. This study showed that children with DS at that age have difficulties in manipulating objects, especially in performing anticipatory adjustments to small objects and sequential strategies required to manipulate objects with complex shapes. The child s group was predictive of the fine motor and cognitive performance assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infants and Toddler Development Third edition, in that children with DS had inferior performance compared to the TD group. The ability to grasp objects in the period after reaching onset was predictive of the performance in the fitting task in both groups. This result shows the contribution of perceptual-motor experience in early developmental stages to the performance of manual actions later in life. Finally, in Study 4 it was assessed the hand function in 11 individuals with hemidystonia and 9 healthy volunteers. Bilateral sensory and motor deficits were found in the hemidystonia group, and these deficits were correlated with the hand impairment level. Taken together, the results show that manual skills emerge and are modified by the individuals perceptual-motor experiences and that reduced experiences may impact the functional performance of people with disabilities throughout the development. / As ações manuais voluntárias sobre objetos emergem durante o primeiro semestre de vida dos lactentes, expressando-se inicialmente como ações exploratórias e evoluindo para ações de manipulação direcionadas à utilização funcional dos objetos. Seu desempenho é modulado pela habilidade motora dos membros, pela experiência na tarefa de alcançar e pelas propriedades dos objetos a serem manipulados. Estudos indicam que as experiências percepto-motoras proporcionadas pelas ações manuais modificam a interação dos lactentes com o ambiente, sendo importantes para seu desenvolvimento motor, perceptual e cognitivo. Visando identificar o papel de fatores de risco para atraso no desenvolvimento sobre o desempenho de ações exploratórias sobre objetos, foi realizado o Estudo 1, uma revisão de literatura acerca dos estudos de lactentes em condição de risco, e dos aspectos teóricos e metodológicos envolvidos na avaliação de tais ações. Os resultados mostraram que cada condição de risco afeta o desempenho dos lactentes de maneira particular, e que poucos estudos têm investigado o desenvolvimento precoce das ações exploratórias em lactentes de risco, levando em consideração as mudanças na habilidade motora no período de aquisição do alcançar. Diante disso, foi realizado o Estudo 2, que avaliou 16 lactentes típicos e 9 lactentes com síndrome de Down (SD) na idade de aquisição da habilidade de alcançar e nos dois meses subsequentes, comparando as ações sobre objetos entre os grupos e as propriedades de tamanho e rigidez dos objetos. Os resultados indicaram que os lactentes com SD alcançaram e exploraram objetos menos frequentemente que os típicos, especialmente os objetos pequenos. Lactentes de ambos os grupos aumentaram a quantidade de alcances com a experiência em alcançar, mas apenas os típicos aumentaram a quantidade de exploração no mesmo período. As ações pré-apreensão foram diferentes para cada objeto, porém menos eficientes para geração de informação nos lactentes com SD. Lactentes deste grupo também tiveram dificuldades para realizar comportamentos exploratórios que impõem maior demanda motora. Visando obter um panorama longitudinal do desenvolvimento das ações manuais, 13 participantes foram reavaliados aos 2 anos de idade, cujos resultados são apresentados no Estudo 3. Nesta idade, as crianças com SD apresentaram desempenho de ações manipulativas inferior às típicas, em especial na realização de ajustes antecipatórios diante de objetos pequenos e de estratégias que utilizem sequenciamento de ações para encaixar objetos com formas complexas. O grupo a que a criança pertence foi preditivo do desempenho motor fino e cognitivo avaliados segundo a Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third edition, sendo que crianças com SD apresentaram desempenho inferior. O desempenho em apreender objetos no período após a aquisição do alcance foi preditivo do desempenho na tarefa de encaixar objetos em ambos os grupos. Por fim, no Estudo 4 foi investigada a função manual em 11 indivíduos com hemiplegia distônica e 9 voluntários saudáveis com idade de 8 a 24 anos.Foram encontrados déficits motores e sensoriais bilaterais, que se correlacionaram com a severidade do comprometimento da mão. Em conjunto, os resultados indicam que as habilidades manuais emergem e são modificadas segundo as experiências percepto-motoras vivenciadas, sendo que reduzidas experiências têm impacto importante no desempenho funcional de indivíduos com incapacidades em diversas fases do desenvolvimento.