Approximately 35% of the population of the Navajo Nation does not have direct access to the electric grid and public water supply. Tribal members haul their potable and livestock water from public water systems that are located great distances from their homes. The Navajo Nation Solar Desalination Research Pilot Demonstration Project is designed to provide residents affordable livestock water. The same technology can later be adopted to provide potable water. The project has deployed an off-grid, prototype water purification unit at a demonstration site north of Leupp, AZ utilizing membrane distillation (MD) technology. A second prototype for the same purposes utilizing nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology has been designed, built, and operated at The University of Arizona. Through experimentation I confirmed information provided the manufacturer of the NF membrane, calculated the production rate to be 636 gallons per day, and calculated the cost of desalinated water to be $0.003 per gallon. Both systems use solar energy to desalinate brackish ground water and the second prototype will later be deployed at the same site for side-by-side comparison. A critical part of the project is the development of technology transfer methods that will help the community take ownership of the project. To accomplish this goal I have written a comprehensive manual that will be given to the Navajo Department of Water Resources. The demonstration site will act as an applied research site for investigation, demonstration, and training related to sustainable water and energy systems designed to address the needs of remote, rural communities in arid and semi-arid regions. The aim is to inform a regional plan for Southwestern Navajo Nation Chapters to address chronic water and energy shortages, demonstrate renewable energy application for water treatment of brackish ground water, evaluate trade-offs in energy and water supplies, and foster community development. The research and demonstration site has been developed by an interdisciplinary and collaborative effort between the Bureau of Reclamation, Apex Applied Technology, Inc., and The University of Arizona.

<p>The purpose with a TPM is to ease the workload for both the maintenance organization and the airline. Until today Norwegian has had problems caused by absence of clear directives how the administrative work between the maintenance organization and the airline should go on. Norwegian wants a manual where issues about responsibility distribution, working procedures and the way of business are clearly illustrated and described. In this project we have focused on a couple of chosen procedures as “Technical Log Procedure”, “Work Order Procedure” and “Spare Part Procedure”. We have tried to create an easy-lucid and user-friendly manual as a result of flowcharts and declaring pictures. The work has been performed in Norwegian´s head office at Stockholm Arlanda Airport.</p>

Software testing is the process of executing a program with the intention of finding errors in the code. It is the process of exercising or evaluating a system or system component by manual automatic means to verify that it satisfies specified requirements or to identify differences between expected and actual results [4]. Software Testing should not be a distinct phase in System development but should be applicable throughout the design development and maintenance phases. ‘Software Testing is often used in association with terms verification & validation ‘Software testing is the process of executing software in a controlled manner, in order to answer the question: Does the software behave as specified. One way to ensure system‘s responsibility is to extensively test the system. Since software is a system component it requires a testing process also. / Software can be tested either manually or automatically. The two approaches are complementary: automated testing can perform a huge number of tests in short time or period, whereas manual testing uses the knowledge of the testing engineer to target testing to the parts of the system that are assumed to be more error-prone. Despite this contemporary, tools for manual and automatic testing are usually different, leading to decreased productivity and reliability of the testing process. Auto Test is a testing tool that provides a “best of both worlds” strategy: it integrates developers’ test cases into an automated process of systematic contractdriven testing. This allows it to combine the benefits of both approaches while keeping a simple interface, and to treat the two types of tests in a unified fashion: evaluation of results is the same, coverage measures are added up, and both types of tests can be saved in the same format. The objective of this paper is to discuss the Importance of Automation tool with associate to software testing techniques in software engineering. In this paper we provide introduction of software testing and describe the CASE tools. The solution of this problem leads to the new approach of software development known as software testing in the IT world. Software Test Automation is the process of automating the steps of manual test cases using an automation tool or utility to shorten the testing life cycle with respect to time.

The building industry are currently going through a huge alteration. The introduction of BIM (Building Information Modeling). Which also implements a lot of new ways of solving problems that building modeling can cause. This report is written for Uppsala University in cooperation with Temagruppen in Uppsala. However, it contains a comparison between two different systems that checks building models. Temagruppen invested in a new Swedish adaptation of a software called Solibri Model Checker. This Software controlling the availability in building models, it also introduces a new way of interaction between different instances during a building project. The definition of the report is availability in public buildings. A building model has been designed in Revit, then imported to Solibri Model Checker who controls the availability and creates a report of certain design fault. Interviews are given to get a look into how the work with availability controls currently works at Temagurppuen. This results in a discussion of benefits and disadvantages of the two different methods. The result finally shows that certain work can be more effectively done with Solibri Model Checker. But availability contains more than just disabled impairment. Visual- and cognitive impairment can’t still be controlled by just a computer software.

Information is an important part of the manual assembly process. Information provides the user with the means to fulfil assembly tasks so that the right quality as well as high productivity are accomplished. This thesis addresses issues connected to information and information use in a modern manual assembly environment, and how these issues affect human operators, quality and productivity. The overall objectives of the research were to gain further knowledge on how attention affects the internal reject rate, to investigate these phenomena in industrial and laboratory environments and finally to propose a suitable evaluation method to be utilised at the design stage of an information system. Studies were performed with the purpose of investigating how the assembly personnel were affected by the information and how it affected quality and productivity. The studies were performed in an assembly plant and in the laboratory. Quantitative data collection included 10 days and nights of production where the information impact on quality was investigated. Connected to this study was a qualitative survey performed among 171 persons from the assembly personnel. The laboratory study took place during three days, approximately eight hours each day. It involved 30 persons, all experienced assembly workers from the reference assembly plant. The focus of this study was how information affected the personnel and thereby the productivity. The findings revealed that information affected the quality rates and productivity and that this can be linked to how the information is presented as well as when the information is presented. It was possible to link these findings to the outcome of a successful information search process, and to conclude that a use of an evaluation method or work process during the product lifecycle could have made it possible to avoid some of the problems connected to the information presentation. This is the basis for a proposed pragmatic evaluation method. The method was tested as a support system during the design of a prototype user interface to be used at the pilot plant. The major contribution of this research is the connection between attention and quality as well as the connection between attention and productivity. Knowledge regarding the importance of presenting the information at the right time must also be regarded as an important and proven contribution.

No description available.

Manual wheelchair users who live in cold climates are faced with daily difficulties related to personal independence and societal inclusion, as their assistive devices are unable to overcome the physical barriers created by snow. Packed snow on sidewalks creates a barrier for wheelchair users as the small caster wheels become embedded in the snow-pack, this leads to upper body fatigue as well as wheelchair tipping, and falling. The purpose of this thesis was to develop a method by which the best design could be determined of a group of four commercially available manual wheelchair casters. This method was developed based on the HAAT model of assistive technology design. It was confirmed that snow-packed surfaces, as well as increased inclines, had a significant detrimental effect on the recorded human factors determinants, as well as conventional engineering determinants. / October 2016

Previous research has found that hand preference can be detected reliably in infants as young as 6 months of age through the use of reach-grasp tasks. While many studies have targeted their efforts at discerning hand preference in infants younger than 12-months of age, a lack of knowledge about hand preference during the ages of 1-2 years remain. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether 12-month-old infants demonstrate a clear hand use preference during unimanual reaching and grasping. Participants consisted of 54 healthy, full term 12-month-old infants (+2/-2 weeks). Goal objects were placed at a reachable distance, in front of the infants and randomly allocated to either left, midline or right positions. Infant hand choices and the success of each grasp were coded offline from video recordings made of the reach-grasp sessions and an overall lateralisation index (LI) was calculated later for each infant. The results demonstrated that the 12-month-old infants were generally right-preferred. Additionally, almost double the frequency of grasps were accounted for by right hand grasps. Further, a significant right hand preference was found when children reached across the midline to grasp objects. The findings imply that hand preference may be readily observed in the prehension activities of 12-month-old infants, and particularly prominent when reaching across the midline.

OBJETIVOS: Determinar la efectividad del drenaje linfático manual en mujeres con linfedema de miembro superior post linfadenectomía axilar por cáncer de mama de la Unidad Funcional de Rehabilitación Oncológica del Departamento de Medicina Física del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, para el año 2015; a través del porcentaje de reducción de los promedios diferenciales circométricos, la mejora y/o mantenimiento de las diferencias circométricas por segmento y en comparación a la terapia de compresas frías junto a ejercicios linfokinésicos. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo, analítico, cuasi-experimental prospectivo; se estudia a 28 mujeres con linfedema de miembro superior post linfadenectomía axilar por cáncer de mama de grado I en estadio II, con un tiempo de enfermedad entre 1año y 6 meses y 2 años, de las cuales en el proceso se eliminan 6. Son intervenidas durante 12 sesiones de forma interdiaria (3 veces por semana) con duración de 45 minutos la terapia. Se distribuyen en 2 grupos de estudio, uno experimental con 12 pacientes para tratamiento fisioterapéutico único con drenaje linfático manual y otro control de 10 pacientes tratadas con compresas frías y un programa de ejercicios linfokinésicos; se utiliza como instrumento de evaluación la circometría. RESULTADOS: Se corrobora la efectividad del método de drenaje linfático manual con una diferencia significativa p < 0,05, según la prueba de Wilcoxon. Se registra mejoría en los perímetros del miembro superior afecto a nivel de axila, brazo (proximal y distal), antebrazo (proximal y distal) y dedos (interfalángicas proximales). CONCLUSIONES: Se determina entonces que el drenaje linfático manual sí es efectivo para el mejoramiento y/o mantenimiento del linfedema de miembro superior post linfadenectomía por cáncer de mama, con porcentajes de mejoría del 60% y 40% con calificación de regular y bueno respectivamente. Y que comparado con el uso de compresas frías junto a un programa de ejercicios no es estadísticamente significativo (p>0.05) para el mejoramiento y/o mantenimiento de los promedios diferenciales del miembros superior afecto, pero si existe diferencia descriptiva donde el promedio al final es de 1,039 cm ± 0,94 para grupo experimental, el cual es menor que el promedio final del grupo control siendo este de 1,307 cm ± 0,78. / OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of manual lymphatic drainage in women with lymphedema of the upper limb post axillary lymphadenectomy for breast cancer of the Unidad Funcional de Rehabilitación Oncológicas del Departamento de Medicina Física del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, for the year 2015; via the percentage reduction of the averages circometricos spreads, the improvement and/or maintenance of the differences circometricas per segment and in comparison to the therapy of cold compresses together to linfokinesicos exercises. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Study of quantitative, analytical, quasi-experimental prospective study; we studied 28 women with lymphedema of the upper limb post axillary lymphadenectomy for breast cancer of grade I in stage II, with a time of disease between 1 year and 6 months and 2 years, of which in the process are removed 6. Are intercepted in 12 sessions of engaging form (3 times per week) with duration of 45 minutes on the therapy. It is distributed in 2 study groups, one with 12 experimental patients for physiotherapeutic treatment only with manual lymphatic drainage and other control of 10 patients treated with cold compresses and a program of exercises linfokinesicos; used as a tool for evaluating the circometria. RESULTS: corroborates the effectiveness of the method of manual lymph drainage with a significant difference p < 0.05, according to the Wilcoxon test. There is improvement in the perimeters of the upper limb affection to armpit level, arm (proximal and distal), forearm (proximal and distal) and fingers (proximal interphalangeal). CONCLUSIONS: Is then determined that the manual lymphatic drainage if it is effective for improving and/or maintenance of lymphedema of the upper limb post lymphadenectomy for breast cancer, with improvement rates of 60% and 40% with fair rating and good respectively. And that compared with the use of cold compresses along with an exercise program is not statistically significant (p>0.05) for improvement and/or maintenance of the average member of the upper differential affection, but if there is any difference descriptive where the average is at the end of 1.039 ± 0.94 cm for experimental group, which is less than the average end of the control group remained east of 1.307 cm ± 0.78. KEY WORDS: manual lymphatic drainage, lymphedema of the upper limb, lymphadenectomy, breast cancer

Trots att Building Information Modelling (BIM) existerat i byggbranschen en tid är entreprenadföretagen inte långt fram i utvecklingen. BIM är en arbetsmetod som samlar all information om ett byggprojekt digitalt och att alla ingående aktörer samarbetar. Utvecklingen av BIM har hindrats på grund av en investeringskostnad och kunskapsbrist på entreprenadsidan. Detta leder till att det tar lång tid för företagen att införa BIM. Genom att skapa ett likartat arbetssätt frambringas tydligare riktlinjer. Detta ökar tryggheten och fler känner sig bekväma med att använda BIM och att lära sig den nya tekniken. Detta arbete undersöker om ett standardiserat arbetssätt kan vara till hjälp hos ett entreprenadföretag inom vidare införande av BIM med hjälp av programvaran Revit. Arbetet började med hjälp av litteraturstudier och kritisk granskning av referenser. Intervjuer från entreprenadföretaget har genomförts på ett semi-strukturerat vis för en bredare förståelse gällande den påbörjade implementeringen av BIM samt vilka arbetsmetoder som används idag. Det genomfördes studier av befintliga arbetsmetoder för djupare förståelse gällande vad som krävs vid framtagandet av ett standardiserat arbetssätt. Intervjuerna visar på att det är välkommet med ett standardiserat arbetssätt hos företaget. Det efterfrågas stöd för användningen av programvaran Revit och effektivisering av deras arbetsmetod vid mängdavtagning. Arbetssättet kommer agera i form av en manual som anpassas utefter företagets egna Revit-mall. I framtiden kan manualen användas i utbildningssyfte. Visionen är att allt flera på företaget skall kunna etablera arbetsmetoden successivt i deras framtida projekt. Detta bidrar där med till företagets framgång och utveckling på marknaden. / Though Building Information Modelling (BIM) has existed in the building business for a time the construction companies are not as far in the process. BIM is a working method that handles all the information included in the building project digitally and how everyone involved collaborate. The BIM progress has been constrained because of the investment costs and lack of knowledge in the construction companies. This concludes that it takes time to establish BIM into the companies. By creating a similar working method a clearer guideline will be generated. This will increase self-assurance and more will feel comfortable using BIM and learn the new technology. This essay investigates if an equivalent working method will be of use at a contractor company that are establishing BIM with the software Revit. This essay started with literature studies and critical reviews of references. Interviews at the construction company have been made in a semi-structured way for a wider understanding about the started implementation of BIM and what working methods they are currently using. Studies of existing working methods have been made for a deeper understanding considering developing an equivalent working method. The interviews show that an equivalent working method for the company is welcome. There are requests for software support in Revit and make the existing working method more efficient while making material quantities. The equivalent working method will act in form of a manual that is custom for the company’s own Revit template. I the future the manual can be used in educational purposes. Therefore contribute for the company’s prosperity and growth in the business market.