Kiekviena sporto šaka turi savo specifinius komponentus, kurie atskleidžia tikrąsias vienos ar kitos sporto šakos ar rungties galimybes (Karoblis, 2005). Nustatyta, kad didelio meistriškumo maratono bėgikų ugdymas priklauso nuo daugelio veiksnių, iš kurių svarbiausias yra treniruotės vyksmo kryptingumas, jo valdymas, atsižvelgiant į sportininko organizmo adaptacijos prie treniruočių ir varžybų krūvių individualus ypatumas (Skernevičius, 1997; Milašius, 1997; Астранд, 1994). Didelio meistriškumo bėgikai į metus ruošiasi dviems maratonams. Todėl treniruočių proceso valdymas yra vienas iš sudėtingesnių. Tyrimo objektas: maratono bėgikų treniruotės ypatumai. Tyrimo tikslas: išanalizuoti Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo maratono bėgikų treniruotės ypatumus. Tiriamieji: daugiakartinis Lietuvos ilgųjų nuotolių bėgimo čempionas Marius Diliūnas, pasiekęs 15-ą maratono bėgimo rezultatą šalyje ir daugiakartinis ilgų distancijų bėgimo rungčių Lietuvos prizininkas Kęstutis Jankūnas, pasiekęs 20-ą maratono bėgimo rezultatą šalyje. Analizuojant sportininkų treniruočių planus (sportininko dienynus), trenerio pildomą krūvio apskaitos žurnalą buvo kreipiamas dėmesys į treniruočių krūvių intensyvumą, sportininkų pulso rodmenis. Mokslinių šaltinių studija parodė, kad ugdant ištvermę, svarbu pasirinkti tinkamą pratimų intensyvumą pagal planuojamą maratono rezultatą. / Each sports branch has its own specific components revealing true capacities of different sports branches or events (Karoblis, 2005). It has been found out that development of high performance marathon runners depends on many factors including the most important ones: purpose of the training proceeding, its control with regard to individual features of sportsman’s organism’s adaptation to training and race loads (Skernevičius, 1997; Milašius, 1997; Астранд, 1994). High performance runners are prepared for two marathons in a year. Therefore, control of the training process is one of the most complex. The research object: features of marathon runners’ training. The research aim: to analyse features of training of Lithuanian high mastership marathon runners. The surveyed: a many-times champion of long distance run in Lithuania, Marius Diliūnas, who has achieved the 15th result in marathon run in the country, and a prize winner of long distance run in Lithuania, Kęstutis Jankūnas, who has achieved the 20th result in marathon run in the country. When analysing plans of sportsmen training (sportsmen’s journals), the journal of trainer’s additional load accounting, attention was paid to intensity of training loads, indices of sportsmen’s pulse. The survey of scientific sources suggests that, when developing endurance, it is important to choose a proper intensity of exercises according to the planned result in marathon.

Cette thèse a été réalisée dans un cadre pluridisciplinaire alliant protocole expérimental, instrumentation dans des conditions de mesures in vivo, détection de ruptures associées à des changements d'états physiologiques et identification et prétraitement d'artefacts de mesures chez des coureurs de marathons. Nous avons considéré l'analyse de la variabilité du rythme cardiaque (VRC) et l'analyse de l'activité électrodermale (AED) pendant une course et lors des phases qui la précèdent et la suivent. La détection de ruptures de moyenne et de tendance est effectuée par la méthode Filtered Derivative with p-Value (FDpV) tout au long de cette thèse. La méthode FDpV est basée sur une analyse dynamique faisant appel à un modèle stationnaire par morceaux. Elle a permis en particulier d'introduire un indice de régulation cardiaque pour les coureurs. Un suivi des changements des états d'éveil et de motivation à travers l'AED par la détection de ruptures de la tendance pendant la course d'un semi-marathonien est également proposée. Ceci a permis de définir des signatures de début et de fin de course. Une attention particulière a été apportée à la composante tonique de l'AED reflétant le niveau d'activation affectif. Nous avons comparé trois méthodes d'extraction du niveau tonique en tenant compte des artefacts potentiels présents. Ce travail concerne des études de cas; il peut être étendu à une cohorte et englober plus de paramètres physiologiques (VO2, EEG,...). Ainsi, une classification des états d'éveil et de motivation peut être envisagée et représente des éléments significatifs de caractérisation des données physiologiques in vivo pour l'optimisation des performances sportives. / This thesis was carried out in a multidisciplinary approach that combines experimental protocol, instrumentation, in vivo measurements, physiological change detection instants and identification and preprocessing of measurement artefacts for marathon runners. We considered the analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) and the electrodermal activity (EDA) recorded during a semi-marathon including pre and post competition periods. A study of the HRV and EDA change detection was carried based on the mean and the trend using the Filtered Derivative with pValue method (FDpV) throughout this thesis. This segmentation method is based on a dynamical approach using a piece-wise stationary model. As a result, itallowed to introduce an index of cardiac regulation for semi-marathon runners. Physiological state changes tracking of affective dimension i.e. "stress" and motivation via the EDA by change detection on its tonic component which reflects the EDA general trend throughout a semi-marathon was also proposed. This enabled us to characterize start and finish phases of a race which are key elements in any competition. A special attention was given to the tonic component of the EDA reflecting the overall level of affective activation. We compared three methods of tonic level extraction by taking into account the present potential artefacts. Thiswork focused on case studies; It can be generalized over a cohort and include more physiological parameters such that VO2 or EEG. Hence, a classification of stress states may also be considered and represent other significant features for characterizing in vivo physiological data for sport performance optimization.

The purpose of this study was to determine why South African long-distance runners start and continue to run long distances, what perceived psychological benefits and negative effects they experience as a result of their involvement in the sport, and what thoughts and emotions are associated with the runner's high. Questionnaires were sent to 2 000 1992 Two Oceans Marathon participants and 777 responded. Results show that South African long-distance runners start running chiefly for physical fitness and health reasons, and continue for these reasons as well as psychological benefit reasons. As a result of their involvement in the sport, they experience psychological benefits such as a positive mood, positive self-image and positive mental outlook. When unable to run, these benefits are reversed. They also experience negative effects such as relationship problems because of long-distance running. Many thoughts and emotions are associated with the runner's high, but most define it as an euphoric feeling / Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology / M.A. (Psychology)

The purpose of this study was to determine why South African long-distance runners start and continue to run long distances, what perceived psychological benefits and negative effects they experience as a result of their involvement in the sport, and what thoughts and emotions are associated with the runner's high. Questionnaires were sent to 2 000 1992 Two Oceans Marathon participants and 777 responded. Results show that South African long-distance runners start running chiefly for physical fitness and health reasons, and continue for these reasons as well as psychological benefit reasons. As a result of their involvement in the sport, they experience psychological benefits such as a positive mood, positive self-image and positive mental outlook. When unable to run, these benefits are reversed. They also experience negative effects such as relationship problems because of long-distance running. Many thoughts and emotions are associated with the runner's high, but most define it as an euphoric feeling / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (Psychology)

China Run is a 92 1/2 minute documentary film which portrays an ultramarathon runner's record-setting 2,125 mile run across China in 53 days, starting at the Great Wall north of Beijing and concluding in Guangjhou (Canton). It is a story of the difficulties, both physical and emotional, suffered by the runner, as well as the story of his encounters with the people of China.