Οι προσπάθειες παρέμβασης στη φθορά των ιστορικών μνημείων μέχρι σήμερα έχουν δύο κατευθύνσεις: την «επούλωση των τραυμάτων» και την επιβράδυνση ή πλήρη παρεμπόδιση περεταίρω φθοράς. Η παρούσα εργασία έχει ως στόχο τη μελέτη του μηχανισμού διάλυσης του μαρμάρου Carraras σε συνθετικό νερό βροχής (artificial rain water) και σε σταθερά θερμοκρασία και pH. Η επιλογή του μαρμάρου Carraras έγινε λόγω της σύστασής του (>98% ασβεστίτης) . Από τα αποτελέσματα των πειραματικών μετρήσεων θα ληφθούν συμπεράσματα για τον τρόπο διάλυσης του μαρμάρου και θα βοηθήσουν στην κατανόηση του μηχανισμού της διάλυσης. Οι εργασίες που πραγματοποιούνται για τον σκοπό αυτό είναι : Η μέτρηση του ρυθμού διάλυσης του μαρμάρου σε διαφορετικές συνθήκες ακορεστότητας. Ο προσδιορισμός του μηχανισμού διάλυσης από το διάγραμμα του ρυθμού διάλυσης R συναρτήσει της σχετικής ακορεστότητας σ. Η διερεύνηση της δυνατότητας επιβράδυνσης ή και πλήρους αναστολής της διάλυσης του μαρμάρου παρουσία υδατοδιαλυτών ενώσεων. / Corrotion of marbles from water

<p> Fractionations of C^13/C^12, O^18/O^16 ratios and Mg between coexisting dolomite and calcite have been determined from rocks of a variety of metamorphic grades in Vermont and the Grenville of Ontario. Working criteria for equilibrium are established. Temperature dependent fractionation expressions are derived (1) for O^18 and C^13 from the C-and O-isotope fractionations concordant with the Mg-calcite solvus thermometer, for T = 130° to 550°C, using natural dolomite-calcite assemblages; (2) for C^13 from hydrothermal partial exchange experiments. Problems with partial exchange reactions are discussed. A thermodynamic analysis of the solvus relations shows that spinodal decomposition probably is important in high Mg-calcites. Quench phenomena in high grade assemblages are complex. The quench temperature may be much lower than the maximum temperature attained. The sizes of some equilibrium systems are delineated.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No presente trabalho abordou-se inicialmente as principais características da indústria de rochas ornamentais, a lavra das jazidas e o beneficiamento, compreendendo a serragem, semitransformação e transformação até os tipos mais importantes de produtos que são normalmente comercializados. Em seguida, estudou-se as rochas ornamentais desde seus tipos, suas cores , brilhos, suas classificações relativas a gênese, estruturas e valor comercial Foi dada ênfase especial as cores tanto das rochas como dos ambientes onde elas serão aplicadas, lembrando a influência psicológica das cores com relação aos seres humanos. Apresentou-se proposta de identificação das cores utilizando recursos atuais da informática, além de uma proposta de criação de um Banco de Dados, com informações específicas de interesse para os projetos de engenharia e arquitetura. Como exemplo, analisou-se uma aplicação onde utilizou-se o Banco de Dados que foi criado, além de conceitos importantes relativos a uma intervenção arquitetônica. / In present work, initially was approached the main characteristics of the dimension stones industry, explotation of the deposits and the processing, understanding the sawing semitransformation and transformation, as well the types most important of products that are normally commercialized. After that, one studied the dimension stones from the types, colors and brightness to the relative classifications geneses, strutures and commercial value. It was given special emphasis to the colors of the rocks as well as the of environments where they will be applied, remembering the psychological influence of the colors related to the human beings. One presented proposal of identification of colors identification using current resources of computer science, beyond a proposal of creation of a data base, with information of interest for the projects of engineering and architecture. This work presents, as example, an application, using the data base created, as well as relative important concepts to an architectural intervention.

No presente trabalho abordou-se inicialmente as principais características da indústria de rochas ornamentais, a lavra das jazidas e o beneficiamento, compreendendo a serragem, semitransformação e transformação até os tipos mais importantes de produtos que são normalmente comercializados. Em seguida, estudou-se as rochas ornamentais desde seus tipos, suas cores , brilhos, suas classificações relativas a gênese, estruturas e valor comercial Foi dada ênfase especial as cores tanto das rochas como dos ambientes onde elas serão aplicadas, lembrando a influência psicológica das cores com relação aos seres humanos. Apresentou-se proposta de identificação das cores utilizando recursos atuais da informática, além de uma proposta de criação de um Banco de Dados, com informações específicas de interesse para os projetos de engenharia e arquitetura. Como exemplo, analisou-se uma aplicação onde utilizou-se o Banco de Dados que foi criado, além de conceitos importantes relativos a uma intervenção arquitetônica. / In present work, initially was approached the main characteristics of the dimension stones industry, explotation of the deposits and the processing, understanding the sawing semitransformation and transformation, as well the types most important of products that are normally commercialized. After that, one studied the dimension stones from the types, colors and brightness to the relative classifications geneses, strutures and commercial value. It was given special emphasis to the colors of the rocks as well as the of environments where they will be applied, remembering the psychological influence of the colors related to the human beings. One presented proposal of identification of colors identification using current resources of computer science, beyond a proposal of creation of a data base, with information of interest for the projects of engineering and architecture. This work presents, as example, an application, using the data base created, as well as relative important concepts to an architectural intervention.

Les placages de marbres sont des revêtements pariétaux ou de sol qui se retrouvent utilisés de façon récurrente dans le monde romain. Les revêtements en opus sectile ou sous forme de plaques de marbre sont des ornements qui proposent une alternative aux décors mosaïqués ou peints et qui ont pour objectif de dissimuler les petits appareils de moindre valeur ou des sols de béton. L’étude des placages de marbre est un domaine de recherche qui touche l’Italie dès les années 90 et qui perdure encore à l’heure actuelle. En parallèle, la France reste à la marge et ce champ de recherche est relativement peu abordé. Notre étude est essentiellement consacrée aux lots de marbres rattachables au complexe monumental du forum, issus des fouilles récentes (2011-2015) de La Merci, et de fouilles anciennes de la « Basilique » (1934-1936), et de « l’égout des Dominicains (1921). L’étude a également été élargie à l’ensemble des édifices publics et privés de la ville et prend en compte divers lots de marbres comme celui du couloir H de la Maison du Paon (environ 4500 fragments). Cette étude reposera sur cinq grandes lignes directrices :- L’identification des marbres et autres pierres (identification macroscopique)- L’identification des décors, leurs restitutions et la remise en contexte des placages de marbres pour chacun des dépôts.- Une réflexion sur le commerce, les échanges et une estimation des coûts de tels décors.- L’étude des marbres de Vaison-la-Romaine va nous entraîner vers une réflexion historique qui s’attachera plus largement aux questions du luxe et du prestige de la ville.- La question du démantèlement des monuments et l’étude des dépôts en tant que tels. / Marble veneers are parietal or floor coverings that were recurrently used in the Roman world. Opus sectile pavements or marble slab coverings are two types of ornaments which offered an alternative to mosaics or painted decor, and which were used to conceal smaller dimension stones of lesser value, or concrete floors. The study of marble veneers is a research area that appeared in Italy in the 1990s and is still a matter of interest to the researchers. At the same time, the subject it still quite marginal in France, and there are few studies. Our study is mainly devoted to the marble lots that can be associated with the monumental complex of the forum, found during the recent excavations of La Merci (2011-2015), and the past excavations of the Basilica (1934-1936) and the sewer of the Dominicans (1921). The study has been extended in order to include all public and private buildings in the city, and takes into account various marble lots such as that of Corridor H od the house of the Peacock (about 4, 500 fragments). The study is based on five principal guidelines:• The identification of marbles and other stones (macroscopic identification)• The identification of the decors, their restitution and an attempt to replace into their context the marble veneers in every deposit• A reflection on trade, commercial exchanges and an estimation of the costs of these sets• The study of the marbles of Vaison-la-Romaine will lead us to a historical reflection which will examine questions related to the luxury and the prestige of the city• The question of the dismantling of various monuments and the study of the deposits as such

Thesis (M.A.)--Baylor University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-54).

Granulation, the process of formation of granules from a combination of base powders and binder liquids, has been a subject of research for almost 50 years, studied extensively for its vast applications, primarily to the pharmaceutical industry sector. The principal aim of granulation is to form granules comprised of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API’s), which have more desirable handling and flowability properties than raw powders. It is also essential to ensure an even distribution of active ingredients within a tablet with the goal of achieving time-controlled release of drugs. Due to the product-specific nature of the industry, however, data is largely empirical [1]. For example, the raw powders used can vary in size by two orders of magnitude with narrow or broad size distributions. The physical properties of the binder liquids can also vary significantly depending on the powder properties and required granule size. Some significant progress has been made to better our understanding of the overall granulation process [1] and it is widely accepted that the initial nucleation / wetting stage, when the binder liquid first wets the powders, is key to the whole process. As such, many experimental studies have been conducted in attempt to elucidate the physics of this first stage [1], with two main mechanisms being observed – classified by Ivenson [1] as the “Traditional description” and the “Modern Approach”. See Figure 1 for a graphical definition of these two mechanisms. Recent studies have focused on the latter approach [1] and a new, exciting development in this field is the Liquid Marble. This interesting formation occurs when a liquid droplet interacts with a hydrophobic (or superhydrophobic) powder. The droplet can become encased in the powder, which essentially provides a protective “shell” or “jacket” for the liquid inside [2]. The liquid inside is then isolated from contact with other solids or liquids and has some fascinating physical properties, which will be described later on. The main potential use for these liquid marbles appears to be for the formation of novel, hollow granules [3], which may have desirable properties in specific pharmaceutical applications (e.g. respiratory devices). They have also been shown to be a highly effectively means of water recovery and potentially as micro-transporters and micro-reactors [4]. However, many studies in the literature are essentially proof-of-concept approaches for applications and a systematic study of the dynamics of the marble formation and the first interactions of the liquid droplet with the powder is lacking. This is the motivation for this research project, where we aim to provide such information from an experimental study of drop impact onto hydrophobic powders with the use of high-speed imaging.

Il presente lavoro prende in considerazione i reperti architettonici rinvenuti a Brescia e non ancora oggetto di un’analisi complessiva, al fine di restituire una storia della città mediante la sua architettura pubblica e privata dall’età tardorepubblicana fino al IV sec. d.C. I settori della ricerca riguardano: i monumenti pubblici, l'architettura delle domus e i monumenti funerari. / The project aims to take into consideration the architectural materials found in Brescia, which have been not yet analysed extensively. The main goal is to offer a history of local architecture from Romanization to late Antiquity. The survey is extended to public architecture (temples, forum, Basilica), and private buildings (domus and funeral monuments).

Submitted by Rosimeri Vergara (rosimerivergara@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-12-11T20:02:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovani Nunes Parisi 2018 Dissertação.pdf: 4002594 bytes, checksum: 976b398edffec278577b6c3d951dfc9c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Dayse Pestana (dayse.pestana@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-12-12T12:09:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovani Nunes Parisi 2018 Dissertação.pdf: 4002594 bytes, checksum: 976b398edffec278577b6c3d951dfc9c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-12T12:09:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovani Nunes Parisi 2018 Dissertação.pdf: 4002594 bytes, checksum: 976b398edffec278577b6c3d951dfc9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / A presente dissertação apresenta resultados petrográficos e litoquímicos de mármores calcíticos e dolomíticos coletados em quatro áreas distintas do Bloco São Gabriel, que seguem: (i) área Batovi, (ii) Área Palma; (iii) Área Passo Feio; e (iv) Área Porongos. O conjunto de mármores que afloram nessas áreas compõe um grupo mineralogicamente homogêneo. O carbonato predomina largamente sobre os outros minerais na composição modal destas rochas. Entretanto em algumas áreas, onde há minerais magnesianos como a serpentina e o talco, pode haver uma tendência a dolomitização. Após a análise e tabulação de dados das amostras de mármores calcíticos e dolomíticos, ficou estabelecido um critério prospectivo para os mármores do Bloco São Gabriel, onde foi possível separar duas populações de mármores. A primeira composta pelas áreas (i) Batovi e (ii) Palma com mármores de composição predominante Calcítica e uma segunda população de mármores predominantemente Dolomíticos, composta pelas áreas (iii) Passo Feio e (iv) Porongos. Já o estudo geoquímico, através dos Elementos Terras Raras na sequência Metassedimentar de origem carbonática, constatou que amostras apresentaram anomalias negativas de Cério e positiva de Eu. No que se refere à anomalia negativa de Ce, que ocorre devido à baixa concentração de Elementos Terras Raras da água do mar. Esta anomalia de Ce é em consequência do Ce+4e o Ce+3, terem um grande campo de estabilidade Eh-Ph. A anomalia negativa de Ce em rochas sedimentares, particularmente em rochas carbonáticas, tem sido utilizada comumente como um argumento de origem marinha, enquanto a sua inexistência é atribuída à influência de águas continentais, particularmente para rochas carbonáticas. Quanto à anomalia positiva de Eu nos sedimentos marinhos ou na água do mar, esta tem sido atribuída a um fluxo hidrotermal. / The present dissertation presents petrographic and litoquímicos results of calcitic and dolomitic marbles collected in four distinct areas of the São Gabriel Block, which follow: (i) Batovi area, (ii) Palma Area; (iii) Passo Feio Area; and (iv) Porongos Area. The set of marbles that appear in these areas make up a mineralogically homogeneous group. The carbonate predominates largely of the modal composition of these rocks. However in some areas where there are magnesian minerals such as serpentine and talc, there may be a tendency to dolomite. After analyzing and tabulating data of the samples of calcitic and dolomitic marbles, a prospective criterion was established for the marbles of the São Gabriel Block, where it was possible to separate two populations of marbles. The first one consists of the areas (i) Batovi and (ii) Palma with marbles of predominantly Calcitic composition and a second population of predominantly dolomite marbles, composed of (iii) Feio and (iv) Porongos areas. On the other hand, the geochemical study, through the Rare Earth Elements in the Metassedimentary sequence of carbonate origin, found that samples presented negative anomalies of Cerium and positive of Eu. Regarding the negative anomaly of Ce, this occurs due to the low concentration of Rare Earth Elements of sea water. This Ce anomaly is a consequence of Ce + 4e and Ce + 3, having a large Eh-Ph stability field. The negative anomaly of Ce in sedimentary rocks, particularly in carbonate rocks, has been commonly used as an argument of marine origin, while its absence is attributed to the influence of continental waters, particularly for carbonate rocks. As for the positive anomaly of Eu in marine sediments and in sea water, this has been attributed to a hydrothermal flow.

No description available.