Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-04-05T20:20:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Saulo Ferreira Reis - 2015.pdf: 8575010 bytes, checksum: 63b98b67ba50ff3c1bc50072d7b7ea7b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-06T11:36:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Saulo Ferreira Reis - 2015.pdf: 8575010 bytes, checksum: 63b98b67ba50ff3c1bc50072d7b7ea7b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-06T11:36:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Saulo Ferreira Reis - 2015.pdf: 8575010 bytes, checksum: 63b98b67ba50ff3c1bc50072d7b7ea7b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research investigates public policy and family farming in the Serra Dourada settlement, located in the city of Goiás, Goiás. It analyzes the design and operation of the National Family Farming Strengthening Program (PRONAF), the Program for Food Acquisition (PAA) and the National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) and the degree of integration in the state of Goiás and the Serra Dourada settlement, noting how are given the productive integration mechanisms and their relationship with the market. Assuming that public policy is state action aimed at the carrier citizen rights, we will outline the role, responsibility and state action, the market and families facing farmers for establishing and implementing public policies. Thus, it is normally analysis of the subject from the paradigm of agrarian capitalism, the agrarian question and the applicable legislation on family agriculture, with one seated interviewed on field research. Also analyzing public policies Technical Assistance, Health and Infrastructure, which interface with the PRONAF, PAA and PNAE, and can directly influence the development and access of these policies. It concludes that the productive insertion mechanisms of family farms seem to show incomplete or inefficient because it does not account for the entire production process. The precariousness of ATER service and the absence of clear policies of federal, state and municipal spheres, specific to the reality of family farming, which allow different treatment according to their characteristics and their production scale. Although many producing and marketing a lot, this did not change the way you organize socially and did not interfere in the way of relating to the land. The relationship with the formal or informal market takes place as a matter of convenience and opportunity, which shows that current legislation is incompatible with the subject of such policies, in which the low adhesion public policies to show an inconsistency between this ideal and the Subject real, it does not consider all the characteristics of this social group, such as social and economic aspects, factors which may concern the membership or not this logic as it develops the production and falls in the market. / Esta pesquisa investiga as políticas públicas e a agricultura familiar no assentamento Serra Dourada, localizado no município de Goiás, Goiás. Para tanto, analisa a concepção e a operacionalidade do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF), o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) e o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e o grau de inserção no estado de Goiás e no assentamento Serra Dourada, observando como se dão os mecanismos de inserção produtiva e a sua relação com o mercado. Partindo do pressuposto de que as políticas públicas é a ação do Estado voltada para o cidadão portador de direitos, delinearemos o papel, a responsabilidade e a atuação do Estado, do Mercado e dos Agricultores familiares frente à elaboração e execução das políticas públicas. Dessa forma, parte-se da análise do Sujeito a partir do paradigma do Capitalismo agrário, da questão agrária e o contido na legislação sobre a agricultura familiar, com aquele assentado entrevistado em pesquisa de campo. Analisando também as políticas públicas de Assistência Técnica, Sanitária e de infraestrutura, que fazem interface com o PRONAF, O PAA e o PNAE, e podem influenciar diretamente no desenvolvimento e no acesso destas políticas. Conclui-se que os mecanismos de inserção produtiva da agricultura familiar parecem se mostrar incompletos ou ineficientes porque não leva em consideração todo o processo produtivo. A precariedade do serviço de ATER e a ausência de políticas claras das esferas federal, estadual e municipais, específicas para a realidade da agricultura familiar, que possibilitem um tratamento diferenciado de acordo com suas características e com sua escala de produção. Embora muitos produzam e comercializem muito, isso não alterou a maneira de se organizar socialmente e não interferiu na maneira de se relacionar com a terra. A relação com o mercado formal ou informal se dá por questão de conveniência e oportunidade, o que demonstra que legislação vigente é incompatível com o Sujeito destas políticas, na qual, a baixa adesão as políticas públicas nos mostram uma incoerência entre esse ideal e o Sujeito real, pois não considera todos os elementos que caracterizam este grupo social, como aspectos sociais e econômicos, fatores estes que podem incidir na adesão ou não desta lógica de como se desenvolve a produção e se insere no mercado.

Wildlife tourism is promoted as a livelihood alternative activity to extractiveuse, such as the case of whale shark interaction in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Whale sharksseasonally aggregate (from May to September) northeast Yucatan peninsula, where theyannually attract about 20000 visitors.This study analyzes the socio-economic drivers, influencing the sustainability of thisrecreational activity, through semi-structured (n=44) and in-depth (n=4) interviews tolocal stakeholders, tourists surveys (n=262), and a cost-benefit analysis.Results indicate that intermediaries put pressure on the optimization of the operation, aswell as it decreases the economic return to local operators (licensees). Local operatorsare not aware of the real costs of operations, and additionally tourists are poorlyinformed of (1) the species, (2) the code of conduct (regulations) and (3) how to supportlocal community’s development. In conclusion, those factors along with the lack ofsurveillance threaten whale shark tourism sustainability. Inclusion of all stakeholders inmanagement and planning of wildlife tourism is necessary in order to obtain desirablepractices, as well as investment in environmental education.

Magister Legum - LLM

The published work which forms the basis of this submission by the applicant for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy represents an extensive research which has extended the boundaries of knowledge and understanding in relation to the jurisprudential adjudications by the Court of Justice concerning the application of the TFEU freedoms of goods, persons, services and capital to national measures. The publications maintain thematic analytical focus on the jurisprudential employment of the EU principles of non discrimination, market access and the rule relating to the ¿selling arrangement¿ that are used as the modus operandi in the acquisition of Treaty free movement rights. The thread is law making; the published work evidences inconsistencies, complexities and confusions in the application by the Court of Justice of the modus operandi used to ensure acquisition of Treaty free movement rights. The research depicts a goods, persons, services and capital jurisprudence which displays a want of thematically consistent underpinning and some doctrinal diversity. It is the purpose of this Submission to exhibit the cohesiveness of the published work under review in the context of the contribution made to the knowledge and understanding of the jurisprudence of goods, persons, services and capital in European Union law.

Infrastructural investments are crucial drivers for promoting growth and activating virtuous cycles of development. Their allocation processes and their socio-economic impact are themes of fundamental importance for development economics. The first two chapters of this thesis employ quasi-experimental methods to analyze the Road Sector Development Programme (RSDP), a large-scale infrastructural investment project implemented in Ethiopia between 1998-2016. The first chapter investigates whether road investment decisions have been influenced by ethnic favoritism mechanisms benefiting the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the dominant component of the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). We find evidence of a significant misallocation of public resources towards areas inhabited by the Tigray ethnicity with respect to a suitable control group. The second chapter looks at the impact of the increase in market access due to the RSDP on the productivity of formal and informal Ethiopian firms. Given the important role of informality in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is paramount to disentangle their reaction to productivity shocks from that of formal enterprises. We detect an increase in productivity for formal firms and a decrease in the likelihood of a firm being informal, compatible with the “entry into informality” of less productive formal enterprises and with the presence of informal “survivalist” firms at lower tiers of the productivity distribution. The third chapter employs near-real time satellite data to assess the economic and environmental impact of the Covid-19 contagion containment measures enacted by a selected group of Arab countries, therefore bringing to prominence the use of large, granular, and publicly available datasets for informing crisis response.

U.S. imports of fresh fruits and vegetables have increased sharply since the late 1980's. With increased imports come increased concerns that pests and diseases may infest shipments of fresh agricultural products. To address this concern, USDA's APHIS implements phytosanitary measures that mitigate pest and disease risks. These regulations vary from documentation requirements, inspection, or requiring that shipments receive a phytosanitary treatment. A growing body of literature attempts to assess the generic trade flow effects of SPS measures. Still, little evidence is available to shed light on the nature, size, and scope of SPS standards and their role as "trade barriers" versus "trade catalysts." This thesis fills the void in the literature in two respects. First, a novel database on phytosanitary measures pertaining to U.S. imports of 47 fresh fruit and vegetable products from 95 countries is developed for the period 1996-2007. This disaggregated approach allows for the effects of specific phytosanitary treatments to be identified. Second, following recent literature, the issue of "zeros" is addressed while estimating a gravity model of international trade. The findings suggest that phytosanitary treatments initially inhibit fresh fruit and vegetable imports. However, their trade reducing effects are uneven across product sectors, development status categories and treatment types. Finally, globally large exporters facing a treatment requirement ship more fresh fruits and vegetable relative to small exporters facing the same regulation, suggesting the role of SPS measures as "trade barriers" versus "trade catalysts" depends on the relative size of the exporter in the global market. / Master of Science

International trade encourages innovation, boosts development, reduces poverty, creates new markets, enhances competitiveness, improves product quality, and expands the consumer choice set. This dissertation is composed of three papers examining barriers to agricultural trade. The first two papers examine the impact of tariff and non-tariff barriers to agricultural trade while the third paper investigates China's domestic agricultural and international trade policies in order to promote U.S. market access in China. The first paper investigates how trade liberalization expands the range of products available for import and consumption. A multinomial logit framework of unordered export categories is developed: no trade margin, disappearing margin, intensive margin, and extensive margin. The findings of this paper suggest exporters gain from tariff reductions because they can establish new product relationships with the U.S. and enhance their U.S., and potentially global, supply chains. In addition, if consumers value variety in consumption, the extensive product margin results can be viewed as a positive welfare gain for U.S. agri-food consumers. The second paper focuses on non-tariff measures (NTM), which have significant implications for agricultural trade and food marketing. This paper focuses on maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides and their trade restricting nature on U.S. fresh fruit and vegetable trade under the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Specifically, this research develops a bilateral index to measure the stringency of destination market tolerances for pesticide residues relative to those faced in the United States. Using a Heckman two-step model, the results shed considerable light on existing regulatory heterogeneity, which has important implications for policy to focus on increasing compatibility of NTMs across trading nations. The third paper examines China's evolving agricultural and trade policies and discusses the potential impact on U.S. exports to China. China's agricultural imports, and policies affecting those agricultural products, have important implications for the U.S. as the leading export supplier to the Chinese market. China's price support programs, aimed at improving food security and Chinese farmers' incomes, increased domestic prices. This created a gap between domestic and international prices that led to excessive Chinese stockpiles. In response, China implemented respective target prices for cotton and soybeans, eliminated the price support for corn, and continues to introduce new policies. / Ph. D. / International trade encourages innovation, boosts development, reduces poverty, creates new markets, enhances competitiveness, improves product quality, and expands the consumer choice set. This dissertation is composed of three papers examining barriers to agricultural trade. The first two papers examine the impact of tariff and non-tariff barriers to agricultural trade while the third paper investigates China’s domestic agricultural and international trade policies in order to promote U.S. market access in China. The first paper investigates how trade liberalization expands the range of products available for import and consumption. The findings of this paper suggest exporters gain from tariff reductions because they can establish new product relationships with the U.S. and enhance their U.S., and potentially global, supply chains. In addition, if consumers value variety in consumption, the extensive product margin results can be viewed as a positive welfare gain for U.S. agri-food consumers. The second paper focuses on non-tariff measures (NTM), which have significant implications for agricultural trade and food marketing. This paper focuses on maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides and their trade restricting nature on U.S. fresh fruit and vegetable trade under the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Specifically, this research develops a bilateral index to measure the stringency of destination market tolerances for pesticide residues relative to those faced in the United States. The results show that there are considerable differences in existing MRL regulations across trading nations. The third paper examines China’s evolving agricultural and trade policies and discusses the potential impact on U.S. exports to China. China's agricultural imports, and policies affecting those agricultural products, have important implications for the U.S. as the leading export supplier to the Chinese market. China’s price support programs, aimed at improving food security and Chinese farmers’ incomes, increased domestic prices. This created a gap between domestic and international prices that led to excessive Chinese stockpiles. In response, China implemented respective target prices for cotton and soybeans, eliminated the price support for corn, and continues to introduce new policies.

The published work which forms the basis of this submission by the applicant for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy represents an extensive research which has extended the boundaries of knowledge and understanding in relation to the jurisprudential adjudications by the Court of Justice concerning the application of the TFEU freedoms of goods, persons, services and capital to national measures. The publications maintain thematic analytical focus on the jurisprudential employment of the EU principles of non discrimination, market access and the rule relating to the 'selling arrangement' that are used as the modus operandi in the acquisition of Treaty free movement rights. The thread is law making; the published work evidences inconsistencies, complexities and confusions in the application by the Court of Justice of the modus operandi used to ensure acquisition of Treaty free movement rights. The research depicts a goods, persons, services and capital jurisprudence which displays a want of thematically consistent underpinning and some doctrinal diversity. It is the purpose of this Submission to exhibit the cohesiveness of the published work under review in the context of the contribution made to the knowledge and understanding of the jurisprudence of goods, persons, services and capital in European Union law.

No description available.

It is important that Queensland horticultural producers develop export capacity. Production is increasing and Australia has a relatively small domestic market. Export also provides a means to diversify as a risk management strategy and to arrest the income decline from existing markets. This research provides Queensland horticultural producers with a practical example of how the principles of supply chain management and relationship marketing may be applied to successfully access a new export market – the Japanese consumer co-operatives. The thesis examines the theories of relationship marketing and supply chain management and proposes that these constructs provide a suitable format for the development of trading relationships between Queensland producers and Japanese consumer co-operatives. Based on surveys of the co-operatives, the thesis outlines the specific philosophical and operational issues for the co-operatives which impact on their use of imported fruit and vegetables, and identifies direct supply from producers to consumers (sanchoku) as a potential strategy for gaining market entry. Key success factors are developed from the survey data and applied to a case study of a Queensland asparagus company and a mid-sized Japanese co-operative. The development of the business relationship and supply chain is chronicled for the case study firms. The dissertation concludes with observations from the case study and the co-operative survey, providing valuable insights into the strategies required by Queensland firms to build lasting relationships and profitable supply chains into Japanese consumer co-operatives.