As condições institucionais no Brasil permitiram a expansão do ensino superior através do financiamento público estudantil em instituições privadas. A redução das barreiras de acesso, a expansão da quantidade de financiamentos para alunos, a presença de grupos de empresas prestadoras de serviços educacionais e outras características institucionais permitiram a consolidação do mercado brasileiro ao longo da última década. A consolidação das Instituições de Ensino Superior privadas e um crescente volume de fusões e aquisições no setor levou a reflexão de avaliar esse impacto nas notas dos alunos concluintes dessas IES. Neste trabalho foram reunidos dados de 2010 a 2014 do Censo do Ensino Superior, microdados do ENADE incluindo os questionários respondidos pelos alunos e uma base privada das fusões e aquisições ocorridas em IES brasileiras. Isso permitiu ampla análise estatística descritiva dos concluintes no ensino superior desse período. A presente pesquisa oferece uma avaliação dos resultados obtidos no ENADE por toda a base de concluintes do ensino superior nos anos de 2010 a 2014. Esse estudo objetivou verificar o diferencial de resultados através das variáveis que impactam a avaliação dos alunos nas notas gerais no ENADE, entre eles a participação da IES em fusões ou aquisições, as características dos alunos e do corpo docente. Sob o arcabouço de diferenças em diferenças foi possível identificar o impacto dessas variáveis na nota geral dos concluintes nos anos citados. Os resultados das regressões utilizando diferenças em diferenças indicam que a ocorrência de uma fusão ou aquisição na IES do concluinte está associada a uma redução de sua nota geral no ENADE. Além disso os resultados sugerem que existe um efeito positivo tanto para cada ano adicional na escolaridade dos pais quanto para cada salário mínimo adicional na renda familiar. / Institutional conditions in Brazil allowed the expansion of higher education through public student funding in private institutions. The reduction of access barriers, the expansion of student loans, the presence of groups of companies that provide educational services and other institutional characteristics have allowed the consolidation of the Brazilian market over the last decade. The consolidation of private Higher Education Institutions and a growing volume of mergers and acquisitions in the industry led to the reflection of evaluating this impact on the grades of the graduating students of these Higher Education Institutions. In this work were collected data from 2010 to 2014 from the Census of Higher Education, ENADE microdata including the questionnaires answered by the students and a private basis of the mergers and acquisitions occurred in Brazilian’s Higher Education Institutions. This allowed a wide descriptive statistical analysis of the graduates in higher education for this period. The present research offers an evaluation of the results obtained in the ENADE by all the graduates of higher education in the years 2010 to 2014. This study aimed to verify the differential of results through the variables that impact the students' evaluation in the general grades in the ENADE, among them the participation of the Higher Education Institution in mergers or acquisitions, the characteristics of the students and the faculty. Under the framework of differences in differences it was possible to identify the impact of these variables on the general note of the students in the mentioned years. The results of the regressions using differences in differences indicate that the occurrence of a merger or acquisition in the Higher Education Institution of the concluding student is associated with a reduction of their overall grade in the ENADE. The results suggest that there is a positive effect both for each additi

As condições institucionais no Brasil permitiram a expansão do ensino superior através do financiamento público estudantil em instituições privadas. A redução das barreiras de acesso, a expansão da quantidade de financiamentos para alunos, a presença de grupos de empresas prestadoras de serviços educacionais e outras características institucionais permitiram a consolidação do mercado brasileiro ao longo da última década. A consolidação das Instituições de Ensino Superior privadas e um crescente volume de fusões e aquisições no setor levou a reflexão de avaliar esse impacto nas notas dos alunos concluintes dessas IES. Neste trabalho foram reunidos dados de 2010 a 2014 do Censo do Ensino Superior, microdados do ENADE incluindo os questionários respondidos pelos alunos e uma base privada das fusões e aquisições ocorridas em IES brasileiras. Isso permitiu ampla análise estatística descritiva dos concluintes no ensino superior desse período. A presente pesquisa oferece uma avaliação dos resultados obtidos no ENADE por toda a base de concluintes do ensino superior nos anos de 2010 a 2014. Esse estudo objetivou verificar o diferencial de resultados através das variáveis que impactam a avaliação dos alunos nas notas gerais no ENADE, entre eles a participação da IES em fusões ou aquisições, as características dos alunos e do corpo docente. Sob o arcabouço de diferenças em diferenças foi possível identificar o impacto dessas variáveis na nota geral dos concluintes nos anos citados. Os resultados das regressões utilizando diferenças em diferenças indicam que a ocorrência de uma fusão ou aquisição na IES do concluinte está associada a uma redução de sua nota geral no ENADE. Além disso os resultados sugerem que existe um efeito positivo tanto para cada ano adicional na escolaridade dos pais quanto para cada salário mínimo adicional na renda familiar. / Institutional conditions in Brazil allowed the expansion of higher education through public student funding in private institutions. The reduction of access barriers, the expansion of student loans, the presence of groups of companies that provide educational services and other institutional characteristics have allowed the consolidation of the Brazilian market over the last decade. The consolidation of private Higher Education Institutions and a growing volume of mergers and acquisitions in the industry led to the reflection of evaluating this impact on the grades of the graduating students of these Higher Education Institutions. In this work were collected data from 2010 to 2014 from the Census of Higher Education, ENADE microdata including the questionnaires answered by the students and a private basis of the mergers and acquisitions occurred in Brazilian’s Higher Education Institutions. This allowed a wide descriptive statistical analysis of the graduates in higher education for this period. The present research offers an evaluation of the results obtained in the ENADE by all the graduates of higher education in the years 2010 to 2014. This study aimed to verify the differential of results through the variables that impact the students' evaluation in the general grades in the ENADE, among them the participation of the Higher Education Institution in mergers or acquisitions, the characteristics of the students and the faculty. Under the framework of differences in differences it was possible to identify the impact of these variables on the general note of the students in the mentioned years. The results of the regressions using differences in differences indicate that the occurrence of a merger or acquisition in the Higher Education Institution of the concluding student is associated with a reduction of their overall grade in the ENADE. The results suggest that there is a positive effect both for each additi

As condições institucionais no Brasil permitiram a expansão do ensino superior através do financiamento público estudantil em instituições privadas. A redução das barreiras de acesso, a expansão da quantidade de financiamentos para alunos, a presença de grupos de empresas prestadoras de serviços educacionais e outras características institucionais permitiram a consolidação do mercado brasileiro ao longo da última década. A consolidação das Instituições de Ensino Superior privadas e um crescente volume de fusões e aquisições no setor levou a reflexão de avaliar esse impacto nas notas dos alunos concluintes dessas IES. Neste trabalho foram reunidos dados de 2010 a 2014 do Censo do Ensino Superior, microdados do ENADE incluindo os questionários respondidos pelos alunos e uma base privada das fusões e aquisições ocorridas em IES brasileiras. Isso permitiu ampla análise estatística descritiva dos concluintes no ensino superior desse período. A presente pesquisa oferece uma avaliação dos resultados obtidos no ENADE por toda a base de concluintes do ensino superior nos anos de 2010 a 2014. Esse estudo objetivou verificar o diferencial de resultados através das variáveis que impactam a avaliação dos alunos nas notas gerais no ENADE, entre eles a participação da IES em fusões ou aquisições, as características dos alunos e do corpo docente. Sob o arcabouço de diferenças em diferenças foi possível identificar o impacto dessas variáveis na nota geral dos concluintes nos anos citados. Os resultados das regressões utilizando diferenças em diferenças indicam que a ocorrência de uma fusão ou aquisição na IES do concluinte está associada a uma redução de sua nota geral no ENADE. Além disso os resultados sugerem que existe um efeito positivo tanto para cada ano adicional na escolaridade dos pais quanto para cada salário mínimo adicional na renda familiar. / Institutional conditions in Brazil allowed the expansion of higher education through public student funding in private institutions. The reduction of access barriers, the expansion of student loans, the presence of groups of companies that provide educational services and other institutional characteristics have allowed the consolidation of the Brazilian market over the last decade. The consolidation of private Higher Education Institutions and a growing volume of mergers and acquisitions in the industry led to the reflection of evaluating this impact on the grades of the graduating students of these Higher Education Institutions. In this work were collected data from 2010 to 2014 from the Census of Higher Education, ENADE microdata including the questionnaires answered by the students and a private basis of the mergers and acquisitions occurred in Brazilian’s Higher Education Institutions. This allowed a wide descriptive statistical analysis of the graduates in higher education for this period. The present research offers an evaluation of the results obtained in the ENADE by all the graduates of higher education in the years 2010 to 2014. This study aimed to verify the differential of results through the variables that impact the students' evaluation in the general grades in the ENADE, among them the participation of the Higher Education Institution in mergers or acquisitions, the characteristics of the students and the faculty. Under the framework of differences in differences it was possible to identify the impact of these variables on the general note of the students in the mentioned years. The results of the regressions using differences in differences indicate that the occurrence of a merger or acquisition in the Higher Education Institution of the concluding student is associated with a reduction of their overall grade in the ENADE. The results suggest that there is a positive effect both for each additi

The content of my work has been chosen on the basis that I have spent most of my career working as a regulatory lawyer in telecommunications. I started my career as a lawyer at the Czech Telecommunications Office and after few years I moved to the Ministry of Transport, which was then also responsible for telecommunications, and its strategy and legislation. Finally I joined Radiomobil (now T-Mobile Czech Republic) where I have spent 15 years to date. The development of technologies in the last 20 years is without a doubt fascinating. It is exciting to observe the sector regulation trying to catch up with the fast moving technological developments, and often aiming at attempting to regulate what cannot be regulated. At the same time we can witness the overregulated European telecommunications market gasping for air in comparison with other regions as it becomes less and less attractive to investments and investors, which is evidenced by the major European companies leaving the European markets and moving their activities into the less regulated regions of the world. A direct consequence of that is the consolidation of the European telecommunications markets. At the same time there are very high expectations on the part of both regulatory bodies and customers in the field of broadband development...

La notion de « concurrence » est traditionnellement associée au droit de la concurrence, entendu, dans sa vocation restrictive et européenne, comme le corpus gouvernant ententes et abus de position dominante. Si le droit de la concurrence a vocation à saisir les marchés financiers en vertu du droit commun, force est toutefois d’observer que, animé par une spécificité concurrentielle, le droit financier s’est investi lui-même de la mission consistant à assurer ses propres intérêts concurrentiels : sur les marchés financiers, modèles archétypique de concurrence « pure et parfaite », la concurrence s’est développée non pas dans le cadre des règles communes de la concurrence, mais en dehors de ces dernières. C’est de cette « spécificité concurrentielle » du droit financier que la présente recherche, enrichie des apports notables du droit américain, se propose de rendre compte : bouleversant les monopoles traditionnels et favorisant une dynamique de compétition normative le droit financier organise la concurrence sur les marchés financiers d’abord. Sur le modèle du droit commun de la concurrence, le droit financier assure la protection de la compétition, ensuite, la transparence jouant à cet égard un rôle de premier plan. La confrontation du droit financier au principe de concurrence atteste d’une véritable « spécificité concurrentielle » en matière financière. De façon plus globale, l’analyse conduit à remettre en cause les ordres établis, suggérant une clé de compréhension renouvelée autour d’une nouvelle cohérence : le droit financier ne serait in fine pas réductible à une branche du droit de la régulation tourné par l’ouverture à la concurrence via la mise en œuvre de politiques dites de « libéralisation ». Corrélativement, le droit de la concurrence pourrait ne pas être que le droit de la protection de l’ordre concurrentiel sur le marché des biens et services, les « Grandes libertés » étant appelées à compléter un édifice commun voué non seulement à protéger la concurrence, mais également à l’organiser. Au final, et cela ne serait pas le moindre des paradoxes de souligner la spécificité du droit financier tout en relativisant la notion de « droit de la régulation », avec en point de mire un « droit de la régulation économique ». / The concept of « Competition » traditionally refers to Antitrust Law, heard in its restrictive and European meaning as governing both Trusts and abuse of dominant position. If Antitrust Law is intended to capture financial markets under common rules, however, it is observed that, animated by a competitive specificity, Financial Law has invested himself the task of ensuring its own competitive interest: financial market, competition archetypal models of « pure and perfect » competition, has not developed in the framework of common rules of competition, but outside them. It is precisely this kind of Financial Law’s « competitive specificity » that this research, enriched by notable contributions of US Law, proposes to report here : contesting classic monopolistic positions that have long characterized the financial infrastructures while sustaining a Law competition dynamic, Financial Law organizes competition in financial markets. More, not only does Financial Law organizes competition, it also protects competition, in the context of the influence of common Antitrust principles and market transparency.Financial Law and the competition principle comparison is rich teaching : it allows to demonstrate Financial Law’s competitive specificity. More broadly, the research led to challenge the « established order », suggesting a renewed key to understanding based on a new consistency: Financial Law would ultimately not be reduced to a branch of « Regulation Law », regulating the entire shot the opening to competition through the implementation of « Liberalization » policies. Correlatively, Antitrust Law may not be only confined in the protection of the competitive order on the goods and services market, « European freedoms of Mouvement » being then asked to complete a common building dedicated not only to protect the competition, but also to organize it. In the end, it would not be the least of paradoxes emphasizing the specificity of Financial Law while relativizing the notion of « Regulation Law », in focus with an « Economic Regulation Law ».