Cette recherche propose la création d’un premier modèle expliquant les relations entre les communautés virtuelles de consommation, leurs membres et leur écosystème virtuel de marques. À la différence des nombreux travaux sur le marketing tribal, concentrés sur les communautés de marque, l’auteur choisit d’axer son travail sur l’étude des communautés virtuelles non centrées autour d’une marque spécifique, permettant ainsi d’explorer pour la première fois divers cas de relations marque-communauté modulées par différentes variables telles que le niveau de congruence entre les valeurs d’une marque et celles de la communauté, le niveau d’intrusion et le niveau de contribution d’une marque dans la communauté. Outre l’identification de ces variables explicatives de la relation marque-communauté, cette recherche caractérise également l’ensemble des relations possibles entre marques et communautés tout en évaluant leur impact sur la relation individuelle marque-membre. Les résultats de l’étude de deux couples de marques testés dans deux communautés différentes montrent notamment que la recommandation d’une communauté à l’égard d’une marque a un impact positif sur la confiance d’un membre auprès de cette marque et que le dénigrement produit l’effet inverse. En revanche, contrairement à ce qui est observé dans les communautés de marque, le phénomène de co-création entre une marque et une communauté non marquée peut conduire à une érosion de la confiance d’un membre à l’égard de cette marque. La distinction entre communauté de marque et communauté « non marquée » est donc fondamentale dans l’étude de ces nouvelles structures sociétales. / This research explains the creation of a first model of relationships between virtual communities, their members and their brands virtual ecosystem. Unlike the many papers on tribal marketing, converging on brand communities, the author chooses to focus his work on the study of virtual communities not centered on a specific brand, allowing for the first time, the exploration of various cases of community-brand relationships modulated by several variables such as the congruence level between the values of the brand and those of the community, the contribution and the intrusion levels of the brand in the community. Besides the identification of these explanatory variables of the community-brand relationship, this research also describes all the possible relationships between brands and communities while assessing their impact on the individual relationship consumer-brand. The results of the study on two couples of brands tested on two different communities especially show that recommendation of a community about a brand has a positive impact on the member trust in this brand and that the denigration has the opposite effect. However, unlike what we observed in brand communities, the co-creation phenomenon between a brand and an “unbranded community” can lead to an erosion of the member trust in this brand. The distinction between brand community and “unbranded community” is therefore essential for the study of these new societal structures.

[pt] Este trabalho procura verificar se as marcas de cerveja, que se associam ao Carnaval de Salvador por meio de patrocínio possuem um posicionamento diferenciado na percepção dos indivíduos desta Comunidade. Seu propósito é o de verificar se a afetividade da Comunidade em relação ao Carnaval se expande à relação da mesma Comunidade com as Marcas patrocinadoras, criando uma percepção de valor de marca superior. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre uma amostra da Comunidade - Grupo de Teste - e uma amostra de indivíduos estranhos à Comunidade - Grupo de Controle. Assim, será possível identificar as diferenças percebidas entre as marcas patrocinadoras e suas concorrentes na percepção da Comunidade. Do mesmo modo, será possível observar a diferença de posicionamento da Marca entre a percepção da Comunidade e a percepção do Grupo de Controle. / [en] This work tries to search if beer brands, that associate theirselves through sponsorship to Salvador Carnival, have a differentiated positioning at this Community perception. If the affectivity between Carnival and Community affect the relation between the same Community and sponsor brands, creating a superior brand value perception. In conclusion, this work will be done through a comparative study between a sample of the Community - Test Group - and a sample of strange people to the Community - Control Group. Thus, it will be possible identify differences perceived between sponsor brands and theirs competitors by Community perception and, either, Community perception and control group perception.