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NEPAD and Castells : an interpretation of the NEPAD development framework in terms of the Network Society TheoryHeij, Anneliese (Anneliese Mari) January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is an interpretation of the New Partnership for Africa's Development
paradigm as explained in the policy document released in October 2001, in terms of
Manuel CasteIls ' theory of the Network Society. This research is simply structured
into three sections: an explanation and criticisms of NEPAD, an explanation of
CasteIls ' theory, and a synopsis of correlations between the two.
The NEPAD is a development paradigm aimed at the socio-economic development of
the African continent. It is envisioned to be a partnership between the developed
world and African leadership to lift the continent from the depths of poverty,
corruption and exclusion, in which it now finds itself The document was created
through a merger of the Omega Plan, the Millennium Action Plan and the ECA
Compact. The main proponents of the initiative are Presidents Mbeki, Obasanjo and
Bouteflika. Although NEPAD has been well received internationally, it has come
under severe criticism from African civil society. Concern has been raised that
NEPAD will serve to further consolidate the neo-patrimonial state and existing elite
networks through providing the requested funding; in this context the argument for
increased foreign direct investment is especially questioned. The authors of the
document are especially criticised for excluding civil society from the drafting
process. Due to this lack of consultation, it is argued that NEPAD does not reflect the
true will of the African people. The neo-liberal undertones of the document, the
recognition of the process of globalisation, and Africa's resulting marginalisation as
well as the threat this poses for global security are further points of critique that are
explored in this thesis.
Manuel CasteIls provides an explanation of the new global economy in his theory of
the Network Society. He argues that the dominant system today, is a result of the
advances in information and communications technology (ICT) as well as the
capitalist pursuit of profit. The new global economy is therefore not only the new
dominant international economic system, but also the new historical reality. Against
this backdrop, he proposes a Technological Marshall Plan which essentially is a call
for massive technological investment into Africa to assist the continent to leap-frog
the industrial age and connect with the new global economy.
There are several points of correlation between NEPAD and Castells. Essentially
NEPAD takes the worldview explained by Caste/Is as its point of departure. NEPAD
then builds a development strategy in full coherence with the logic of the theory of the
Network Society. NEPAD concurs with CasteIls on the role played by ICT in the
process of globalisation. The disarticulation of space and time has led to an
instantaneous, global expression of social and economic life, specifically in financial
markets and the production process. The result is the inclusion of valuable people and
assets into the global network, while the devalued are excluded. Both NEPAD and
CasteIls argue that the current state of affairs is both morally wrong and
economically and politically unstable. It is therefore, as both ague, in the interests of
the developed world to engage in this new partnership. This thesis exposes
fundamental correlations between the theory of the Network Society and the New
Partnership for Africa's Development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is 'n interpretasie van die "New Partnership for Africa's Development"
(NEPAD) paradigma, soos uiteengesit in die beleids dokument wat in Oktober 2001
uitgereik is, aan die hand van Manuel CasteIls se teorie van die Netwerk Samelewing.
Die narvorsing is gestruktureerd in drie seksies: 'n verduideliking van NEPAD en die
kritiek daarop, 'n verduideliking van CasteIls se teorie en 'n samevatting van die
ooreenkomste tussen die twee.
NEPAD is 'n ontwikkelings paradigma, gemik op die sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling
van die Afrika kontinent. Dit word voorgehou as 'n venootskap tussen die ontwikkelde
wêreld en Afrika leierskap, waarin die kontinent uit die situasie van armmoede,
korrupsie en uitsluiting gehelp sal word. Die dokument is 'n kombinasie van die
Omega Plan, die Millenium Aksie Plan (MAP) en die ECA Compact. Die hoof
voorstanders van die initatief is Presidente Mbeki, Obassanjo en Bouteflika. Ten spyte
van NEPAD se goeie ontvangs in die internationale samelewing, het die burgelike
samelewing van Afrika dit nie sonder kritiek aanvaar nie. Kommer is uitgespreek dat
NEPAD net die belange van die neo-patrimoniale staat en die bestaande elite
netwerke sal konsolideer, deur die voorsiening van fondse. In die konteks word die
vraag vir die vergrote buitelandse direkte investering veral bevraagteken. Die outeurs
van die dokument word veral gekritiseer omdat hulle die burgerlike samelewing
uitgesluit het uit die ontwerp van die konsep. Juis om die rede word daar geargumenteer
dat NEPAD nie die ware wil van die mense van Afrika reflekteer nie.
Die neo-liberale ondertone van die dokument, die erkenning van die proses van
globalisasie en Afrika se marginalisasie wat gevolg het, as ook die bedreigings wat
dit vir globale sekuriteit inhou, is verdere kritiek waarna gekyk sal word in die tese.
Manuel CasteIls voorsien ons van 'n verduideliking van die nuwe globale ekonomie in
sy teorie oor die Netwerk Samelewing. Hy argumenteer dat die dominante sisteem
vandag voorspruit uit die ontwikkeling van informasie en kommunikasie tegnologie,
as ook die kapitalistiese strewe na profyt. Die nuwe globale ekonomie is daarom nie
net die nuwe dominante internationale ekonomiese sisteem nie, maar ook die nuwe
historiese realiteit. Teen die agtergrond stel hy 'n Tegnologiese Marshall plan voor,
wat essensiël 'n vraag vir substansiële tegnologiese investering in Afrika is, om die
kontinent te help om die industriële tydperk te oorbrug en aan te sluit by die nuwe
globale ekonomie.
Daar is heelwat ooreenstemmings tussen NEPAD en CasteIls se teorie. Essensiël
gebruik NEPAD CasteIls se wêreld beeld as vertrekpunt. Daarna bou NEPAD 'n
ontwikkelings strategie in ooreenstemming met die logika van die teorie van die
Netwerk Samelewing. NEPAD stem ooreen met CasteIls oor die rol wat IKTs speel in
die proses van globalisasie. Die verplasing van spasie en tyd het gelei tot 'n skielike,
globale uitdrukking van sosiale en ekonomiese lewe, spesifiek in finansiële markte en
die produksieproses. Die gevolge is die insluiting van waardevolle mense en bates in
die globale netwerk, terwyl dit die wat in waarde verminder uitstluit. Beide NEPAD
en CasteIls argumenteer dat die huidige stand van sake beide moreel en ekonomies
verkeerd is, as ook polities onstabiel. Dit is daarom, soos beide argumenteer, in die
belang van die ontwikkelde lande om deel te neem aan hierdie vernootskap. Die tesis
lig fundamentele ooreenkomste tussen die teorie van die Netwerk Samelewing en
NEPADuit.
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Truman, "faith-based" diplomatie et ambigüités du Plan Marshall : cas de la France de l'après-guerre / Truman, faith-based diplomacy and ambiguities of the Marshall Plan in France in the Early Cold WarAutran, Jean-Marie 06 July 2015 (has links)
La "Faith-based" diplomatie américaine et les ambiguïtés du plan Marshall : le cas de la France dans l’après-guerre. Le Président Harry S. Truman (1945-1953) affirme dès 1946 que les E.U. doivent s’armer d'une « diplomatie fondée sur la foi » pour encourager la reconstruction spirituelle d'une Europe « déchristianisée » face au communisme. Pour faire barrage au marxisme de l’Union Soviétique, il fallait commencer par la France, vue comme la pierre de voûte spirituelle. Plus que toute autre nation, elle bénéficie avec le plan Marshall d'un puissant soutien financier militaire, économique et d'une conquête des cœurs et des esprits. De multiples agences interviennent dans cette période alors que les Églises américaines redécouvrent cette terre de mission. Généralement articulées autour de la conviction religieuse des Présidents, les initiatives sont relayées sur le terrain par l’engagement d’acteurs privés. Officialisée en 1998 par le président Clinton dans la promulgation de l’Acte international sur la liberté religieuse, cette approche a justifié la ténacité des missionnaires de 1945 à nos jours dans une France catholique religieusement peu diverse. Encouragées par le quatrième Réveil la plupart des missions américaines, églises protestantes historiques, nouvelles religions ou NMR (mormons, adventistes, témoins de Jéhovah etc...) et Évangéliques ont bien accueilli cette opportunité, phase d’introduction pour certaines ou de redémarrage pour d’autres déjà présentes dès le 19ème siècle. Bien que l'entreprise de « nation building » économique et culturelle de la France ait été perçue par l’opinion américaine de l’époque comme l'une des plus décevantes de l’après-guerre, les résultats de la transformation de la société française sont apparus avec un décalage dans le temps. Pouvons-nous alors retracer les sources des mutations transatlantiques des religions d'origine américaine et l’évolution du paysage religieux français aux activités gouvernementales et missionnaires en ce début de la Guerre froide ? / President Harry S. Truman (1945-1953) claims in 1946 that the U.S. should advance a "faith-based" diplomacy to encourage the spiritual reconstruction of a “dechristianized” Europe .To stand in the way of a Marxist and Godless Soviet Union, it has to begin with France, seen as the spiritual stone arch. More than in any other nation, the Marshall Plan brings a financial, economic and military support, willing to conquer hearts and minds. Many key governmental agencies are involved in this time period, while American churches engaged in aid relief are rediscovering France as a new mission territory. Usually strongly influenced by the religious conviction of the Presidents, "Faith-based policies” supporting Foreign policies are reinforced on the ground by the engagement of private voluntary organizations (PVOs). Formalized in 1998 by President Clinton as a tool in Foreign policy in the enactment of the Act on International Religious Freedom, this approach justifies the tenacity of missionaries from 1945 to the present day in a secular and catholic France. Encouraged by the Fourth Awakening, most American missions, mainstream Protestant churches, new religions like NRM (Mormonism, Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, etc...) and Evangelicals, welcome this mixed opportunity: a comeback for a few denominations already presents in the 19th century and for others a chance for a fresh beginning. Although the business of "nation building”, the reshaping of the economic and cultural life of France, is perceived by the American public opinion as one of the most disappointing of the post-war, a deeply transformed French society will later emerge. The overlapping of American public and private organizations, of American churches and missionaries lay the groundwork for the radical transformation of a French monolithic religious landscape. Without doubt this can be traced to this short and critical experimental period of the Early Cold War.
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La planification française comme instrument de politique industrielle de la Libération au milieu de la présidence du Général De Gaulle (1945-1965) / French postwar planning as an instrument of industrial policy from the Liberation to the middle of the presidency of General De Gaulle (1945-1965)Chu, Chunhua 27 September 2018 (has links)
Immédiatement après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, sous l’impulsion du Général de Gaulle et de Jean Monnet, le Gouvernement provisoire de la République française décida d’engager dans le système capitaliste français une politique économique à moyen terme désignée par le terme de « planification ». Le Plan, en tant qu’outil d’élaboration et de mise en œuvre de politiques industrielles, dirigea l’industrie française pour qu’elle puisse se développer et s’adapter aux différentes circonstances. Quatre plans furent successivement mis en œuvre dès la Libération jusqu’en 1965 par le Commissariat Général du Plan (CGP) sous la direction successive de trois commissaires généraux du Plan, à savoir Jean Monnet, Etienne Hirsch, Pierre Massé. Dans ce laps de temps furent lancés les plans suivants : Plan Pinay-Rueff, Plan intérimaire, Plan d’adaptation des charbonnages, Plan de stabilisation. Imbriquée de multiples manières à une « expansion industrielle », la planification française réussit à transformer la France rurale en une société industrielle et à faire passer l’industrie française de la situation fermée et protégée à la confrontation de la concurrence internationale. Elle joua aussi un rôle important dans le mode de rapport entre le secteur public et privé et en particulier, le fonctionnement des entreprises nationales. À plus long terme, c’était encore au Plan que revenait le mérite de tracer les lignes d’un harmonieux développement des régions françaises, surtout de l’aménagement du territoire. / Immediately after the Second World War, the Provisional Government of the French Republic, under the leadership of General de Gaulle and Jean Monnet, decided to engage in the French capitalist system a medium-term economic policy designated by the term "planning". The Plan, as a tool for the elaboration and implementation of industrial policies, directed French industry so that it could develop and adapt to different circumstances. Four Plans were successively implemented from the Liberation until 1965 by the General Planning Agency under the successive direction of three commissioners, namely Jean Monnet, Etienne Hirsch, Pierre Massé. Meanwhile, the Rueff-Pinay Stabilization Plan, Interim Plan, Plan d’adaptation des charbonnages, Giscard d’Estaing’s Stabilization Plan were launched. Interwoven in many ways with an "industrial expansion", French planning succeeded in transforming rural France into an industrial society and to shift French industry from the closed and protected situation to the confrontation of international competition. It also played an important role in the relationship between the public and private sectors and, in particular, the functioning of national enterprises. In the longer term, it was again in the Plan that the merit of drawing the lines of a harmonious development of the French regions, especially of the Spatial planning.
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Weihnachten und das Westpaket - diesen Duft konnte keine Grenze aufhalten ...Schönfuß-Krause, Renate 21 June 2021 (has links)
Die Erinnerung an „Westpakete“, die jahrzehntelang für viele Menschen die fast einzige Kommunikation über Grenzen hinweg zwischen West- und Ostdeutschland ermöglichten, haben sich tief in unser kollektives Gedächtnis eingeprägt. Mit diesen, besonders in der Weihnachtszeit erhaltenen Liebesgaben, verbinden sich bei vielen heute noch angenehmste Erinnerungen. Dabei hat sich etwas besonders tief eingeprägt und lebt in den Erzählungen weiter: Der einst so unvergleichliche Duft der Westpakete…
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Rhetoric or reality : US counterinsurgency policy reconsideredTodd, Maurice L. January 2015 (has links)
This study explores the foundations of US counterinsurgency policy and doctrine in order to better understand the main historical influences on that policy and doctrine and how those influences have informed the current US approach to counterinsurgency. The results of this study indicate the US experience in counterinsurgency during the Greek Civil War and the Huk Rebellion in the Philippines had a significant influence on the development of US counterinsurgency policy and doctrine following World War II through the Kennedy presidency. In addition, despite a major diversion from the lessons of Greece and the Philippines during the Vietnam War, the lessons were re-institutionalized in US counterinsurgency policy and doctrine following the war and continue to have significant influence today, though in a highly sanitized and, therefore, misleading form. As a result, a major disconnect has developed between the “rhetoric and reality” of US counterinsurgency policy. This disconnect has resulted from the fact that many references that provide a more complete and accurate picture of the actual policies and actions taken to successfully defeat the insurgencies have remained out of the reach of non-government researchers and the general public. Accordingly, many subsequent studies of counterinsurgency overlook, or only provide a cursory treatment of, aspects that may have had a critical impact on the success of past US counterinsurgency operations. One such aspect is the role of US direct intervention in the internal affairs of a supported country. Another is the role of covert action operations in support of counterinsurgency operations. As a result, the counterinsurgency policies and doctrines that have been developed over the years are largely based on false assumptions, a flawed understanding of the facts, and a misunderstanding of the contexts concerning the cases because of misleading, or at least seriously incomplete, portrayals of the counterinsurgency operations.
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