Thesis (M.A.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2007. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Kimberly Myers. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-90).

Master's thesis in sociology (2004), Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Peru); directed by Mg. Guillermo Nugent Herrera. / Title from ebook home page (viewed on nov. 20, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-173). Also available in print.

This thesis examines the ways in which masculinity is constructed and performed by commercial fisherman poets. Focusing on the writings of cisgender male poets, this thesis examines the ways in which competence and credibility are developed as the highest standards of masculinity, how discussions of the environment contribute to the development of masculinities, and how the relationships depicted in fisherpoetry mirror real-world relationships and develop standards of multiple masculinities.

Previous work on masculinity and sexual coercion has proposed either that sexual coercion is an expression of a traditional ideology of masculinity, or that sexual coercion is a resource in the construction of masculinity. That is, they have proposed that masculinity is either cognitive or strategic. It is proposed, in this thesis, that these viewpoints should be integrated and that masculinity should be thought of as both cognitive and strategic. Using the SIDE (Social Identity Definition and Enactment) model as a framework, there would, in relation to masculinity and sexual coercion, seem to be a paradox. That is, on the one hand, traditional masculinity is associated with the inclination to be sexually coercive, that there is a traditional ideology of masculinity which people internalise and which influences their behaviour. However, on the other hand, the actual expression of sexual coercion undermines masculinity. That is, men who engage in sexual coercion are perceived, by other men, as abusing their power and as less masculine, as not real men. Five studies are presented which support this notion of a paradox. However, this paradox is slightly different to that originally proposed. Rather than it being the case that men who most endorse traditional masculinity being those who most endorse coercion against women, it is those who we describe as being 'insecure' in their traditional masculinity who are most inclined to be coercive. A further two studies are presented which working from a basic assumption of this thesis, that the relationship between men and women is a relationship of unequal power consider, firstly, when the paradox might arise and shows that a challenge by a woman is perceived as a threat to masculinity. Secondly, in addressing how men might resolve the paradox, the final study considers the contexts in which coercion might be enacted and shows that when a challenge engenders feelings of threat to masculinity, this may translated into the enactment of sexual coercion, but only in a private context. The implications of this research and possible future directions are discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:46:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ch_dr_assis.pdf: 661303 bytes, checksum: 9b55b17bf1a0358c8287163ed9de445b (MD5) / Este estudo trata da articulação entre os processos de subjetivação contemporâneos, as relações de poder e as formas sutis com que as tecnologias de gênero naturalizam e perpetuam ações nas relações, parcerias e lutas diárias que ocorrem em uma Penitenciária. Partindo da genealogia foucaultiana, como matriz epistemológica e metodológica, colocamos em análise documentos institucionais e entrevistas realizadas com funcionários do Sistema Penitenciário do Paraná, que atuam na cidade de Londrina. O entrelaçamento destas falas e forças engendra o impacto das tecnologias de gênero, em especial das masculinidades, na dinâmica das relações de poder e de resistência entre os que habitam a prisão. A forma como são caladas e/ou adequadas às diversidades humanas e às maquinarias que compõem os rígidos processos de subjetivação admitidos no cárcere e entre “carcereiros”, apresentaram-nos aprisionamentos mais precisos e danosos que as grades. Para além destas, apresentam-nos os modos de aprisionamentos de si e do outro, que cristalizam e empobrecem os corpos e suas possibilidades de novos encontros e afetações. De modo geral, apontam-nos para processos de subjetivação disciplinares e normalizadores. A problematização destas grades biopolitícas binárias tem permitido outros fluxos, no sentido de ampliar a percepção e superação das grades de ferro e de si mesmos. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se pela decisão de fazer e manter algumas questões quanto aos processos de subjetivação daqueles que representam o Estado perante as pessoas presas, a partir dos passos de uma mulher entre as masculinidades. Em todo seu percurso, esta escolha mostrou-nos ser o caminho possível para o surgimento de linhas de fuga que possibilitam existências mais potentes e, assim, apontam para a concretização da proposta... / This study addresses the link between the processes of contemporary subjectification, the power association and the subtle ways in which the gender technologies naturalize and perpetuate actions in the relations, partnerships and daily struggles that take place in a penitentiary. From the Foucault‟s genealogy as an epistemological and methodological matrix, we analyze institutional documents and interviews performed with officials of the Penitentiary System of Paraná, in the city of Londrina. The intertwining of these speeches and forces engenders the impact of the technologies of gender - in especial of the masculinities, in the dynamics of the relations of power and resistance among those who inhabit prison. The way they are silenced and adequate to human diversity and to the machinery that make up the rigid processes of subjectivation allowed in prison and between jailers, showed us more effective and injurious incarcerations than the bars. Beyond that, they present us the ways of the self-incarcerations and the other‟s incarcerations that solidify and deplete their bodies and their chances of new findings and affectations. In general, they lead us to processes of disciplinary and normalizing subjectification. The problematization of these biopolitics, binary grids has allowed other fluxes, in the sense of broadening perception and overcoming the iron bars and themselves. This research is characterized by the decision of raising and keeping a few questions about the processes of subjectification of those who represent the State in the presence of the prisoners, and from the moves of a woman among the masculinities. Throughout its course, this choice proved to be the a possible way for the raise of escape lines that enable more powerful existence and thus leading to the completion of the proposed intention to make of the criminal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Wiliam Siqueira Peres / Banca: Sônia Regina Vargas Mansano / Banca: Leonardo Lemos de Souza / Banca: Fernando Silva Teixeira Filho / Banca: Sandra Maria da Mata Azevedo / Resumo: Este estudo trata da articulação entre os processos de subjetivação contemporâneos, as relações de poder e as formas sutis com que as tecnologias de gênero naturalizam e perpetuam ações nas relações, parcerias e lutas diárias que ocorrem em uma Penitenciária. Partindo da genealogia foucaultiana, como matriz epistemológica e metodológica, colocamos em análise documentos institucionais e entrevistas realizadas com funcionários do Sistema Penitenciário do Paraná, que atuam na cidade de Londrina. O entrelaçamento destas falas e forças engendra o impacto das tecnologias de gênero, em especial das masculinidades, na dinâmica das relações de poder e de resistência entre os que habitam a prisão. A forma como são caladas e/ou adequadas às diversidades humanas e às maquinarias que compõem os rígidos processos de subjetivação admitidos no cárcere e entre "carcereiros", apresentaram-nos aprisionamentos mais precisos e danosos que as grades. Para além destas, apresentam-nos os modos de aprisionamentos de si e do outro, que cristalizam e empobrecem os corpos e suas possibilidades de novos encontros e afetações. De modo geral, apontam-nos para processos de subjetivação disciplinares e normalizadores. A problematização destas grades biopolitícas binárias tem permitido outros fluxos, no sentido de ampliar a percepção e superação das grades de ferro e de si mesmos. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se pela decisão de fazer e manter algumas questões quanto aos processos de subjetivação daqueles que representam o Estado perante as pessoas presas, a partir dos passos de uma mulher entre as masculinidades. Em todo seu percurso, esta escolha mostrou-nos ser o caminho possível para o surgimento de linhas de fuga que possibilitam existências mais potentes e, assim, apontam para a concretização da proposta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study addresses the link between the processes of contemporary subjectification, the power association and the subtle ways in which the gender technologies naturalize and perpetuate actions in the relations, partnerships and daily struggles that take place in a penitentiary. From the Foucault‟s genealogy as an epistemological and methodological matrix, we analyze institutional documents and interviews performed with officials of the Penitentiary System of Paraná, in the city of Londrina. The intertwining of these speeches and forces engenders the impact of the technologies of gender - in especial of the masculinities, in the dynamics of the relations of power and resistance among those who inhabit prison. The way they are silenced and adequate to human diversity and to the machinery that make up the rigid processes of subjectivation allowed in prison and between "jailers", showed us more effective and injurious incarcerations than the bars. Beyond that, they present us the ways of the self-incarcerations and the other‟s incarcerations that solidify and deplete their bodies and their chances of new findings and affectations. In general, they lead us to processes of disciplinary and normalizing subjectification. The problematization of these biopolitics, binary grids has allowed other fluxes, in the sense of broadening perception and overcoming the iron bars and themselves. This research is characterized by the decision of raising and keeping a few questions about the processes of subjectification of those who represent the State in the presence of the prisoners, and from the moves of a woman among the masculinities. Throughout its course, this choice proved to be the a possible way for the raise of escape lines that enable more powerful existence and thus leading to the completion of the proposed intention to make of the criminal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

My thesis explores the yarn, the British masculine adventure story for boys of all ages, from 1855 until 1940. Using Raymond Williams’ concept, “structure of feeling”, the “boy’s own” ethos is examined within its material culture, strongly influenced by the public schools. The thesis follows the yarn’s mutations in popular literature from school story to maritime adventure, colonial encounter, domestic landscape fantasy, invasion scare novel and war memoir. The study argues that, when the pedagogic system privileged the study of Classics as the professional gateway to success, the yarn constructed a valorised code of masculinity as an intellectual and moral puzzle requiring decryption. Using Rudyard Kipling’s stories about adolescent males as the chronological spine, it follows the competitive discourse of different masculine codes, Christian, imperialist and sporting, which the implied reader is encouraged to “break”. Extending Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of code as cultural competence to include crypto-analysis, the thesis examines how superficially extroverted tales remain fixated upon bookish practices of reading and interpretation, through scriptural exegesis, classical translation, and scrutiny of treasure maps, genealogies, landscapes and ciphers. Chapter One considers the school story, and specifically its competitive examination as an overarching metaphor for masculinity; Chapter Two the maritime adventure as a hermeneutic quest where the adolescent struggles to read male behaviour; and Chapter Three the colonial encounter as an identity crisis when cultural hybridity challenges the construct of the White Man. Chapter Four explores the domestic landscape fantasy when imperialist anxiety becomes enmeshed within nostalgia for boyhood; Chapter Five the paranoia about invasion running parallel to imperial hubris; and Chapter Six thematic developments in two short stories by Kipling. Chapter Seven provides an aerial view (including the post-War cult of the airman), before the Conclusion summarizes the shifts in constructions of masculinity across my periodization.

When Arnold Schwarzenegger muscled his way into the competition for the governance of California in October 2003 many thought it was a joke, or worse, a sign of the devolution of American politics into the lowest form of populism (Louw, 2005; Baudrillard, 2005; Indiana, 2005). Yet, Schwarzenegger’s victory in the recall election is indicative of a history of celebrities in American politics as well as a more widespread ‘culture of celebrity’ that has burgeoned beyond entertainment and into all forms of public life (Andrews and Jackson, 2001; Holmes and Redmond, 2006). While much has been made of celebrity in aiding Schwarzenegger’s successful governance campaign (Hoberman, 2005; Indiana, 2005; Mathews, 2006) remarkably little has been said about the role of his hypermuscular body in facilitating his move into politics. Drawing on theoretical approaches to celebrity, the body and masculinity, I go well beyond the recall election to make connections among Schwarzenegger’s media representations as an exemplar of muscular masculinity and his accruement of immense cultural, political, and economic capital. By analyzing his celebrity images across his career (i.e. bodybuilding, film and politics) I show how he has been depicted as a ‘body of governance’ in various media such as bodybuilding magazines, autobiography, film and the popular press. This longitudinal approach enables me to show how Schwarzenegger’s celebrity images have shifted over time as well as how they have shaped and been shaped by the particular promotional contexts in which they have been created. Moreover, I examine these depictions in relation to discourses about bodies such as race and gender that organise hegemonic concepts of masculinity and shape notions about citizenship and leadership in American culture. By providing insight into the complex discourses that enabled a modern day strong man to barter his body for power, this study enriches understandings of how idealised body images in popular culture disseminate much more than measurements for beauty and success. They shape and are shaped by gendered, racialised, classed and sexualised discourse about what it means to be powerful and carry deeply embedded historical and cultural notions about who is perceived as most fit for American citizenship and best built for governance. / Education, Faculty of / Kinesiology, School of / Graduate

This research paper aims to investigate the effect mainstream cinema has on the formulation and practice of the masculine stereotype in society, thus exploring the representations of masculinity being provided to males through mainstream cinema. This paper examines the representation of masculinity with reference to cinematic depictions of male masculinity produced in the film category of Teen Drama in the 90‘s/ 2000‘s and 2010 to determine the image the media enforces, through cinema, to influence what males modeled themselves on in both the past and present. This treatise shows the effect the media had on men in the past and how present day men continue to base their individual identity, which has been dramatically influenced and stereotyped by the high standards of the media, by analyzing the movie phenomenon of the Twilight franchise (1 to 3) with reference to Clueless (Amy Heckerling, 1995), 10 Things I hate About You (Gil Junger, 1999), Bring It On (Peyton Reed, 2000), John Tucker Must Die (Betty Thomas, 2006), Easy A (Will Gluck, 2010) and I am Number Four (D.J. Caruso, 2011) featured in the 90‘s/ 2000‘s and 2010. This was carried out through qualitative semiotic research to determine the overall influence the media, particularly mainstream cinema, has on the ideals of masculinity that heterosexual males seek to attain.

The purpose of the present thesis will be to test the general hypothesis that femininity in men is positively related with anxiety and to investigate the relationship of femininity and anxiety in women.