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“Mash” is a term used to describe one of the most recent major style shifts in the iconic American string band music known as bluegrass. Beginning in the 1990s, the bluegrass sound began to evolve, and ‘mash’ worked its way into the genre as a descriptor of a certain sound. Though a handful of scholars have discussed the social stigmas of the style, no one yet has investigated the simple musical question about mash: what is it? The purpose of this thesis is to define mash in its musical form through a combination of transcription methods and extensive analysis. Through this research, a recurring set of musical phenomena is identified in the repertoire, related to rhythms, melody, and modality. This study shows the relationship between the downbeat and this music, and identifies and articulates the musical characteristics that define mash as a unique style of bluegrass.

The arrival of E-commerce systems have contributed greatly to the economy and have played a vital role in collecting a huge amount of transactional data. It is becoming difficult day by day to analyse business and consumer behaviour with the production of such a colossal volume of data. Enterprise 2.0 has the ability to store and create an enormous amount of transactional data; the purpose for which data was collected could quite easily be disassociated as the essential information goes unnoticed in large and complex data sets. The information overflow is a major contributor to the dilemma. In the current environment, where hardware systems have the ability to store such large volumes of data and the software systems have the capability of substantial data production, data exploration problems are on the rise. The problem is not with the production or storage of data but with the effectiveness of the systems and techniques where essential information could be retrieved from complex data sets in a comprehensive and logical approach as the data questions are asked. Using the existing information retrieval systems and visualisation tools, the more specific questions are asked, the more definitive and unambiguous are the visualised results that could be attained, but when it comes to complex and large data sets there are no elementary or simple questions. Therefore a profound information visualisation model and system is required to analyse complex data sets through data analysis and information visualisation, to make it possible for the decision makers to identify the expected and discover the unexpected. In order to address complex data problems, a comprehensive and robust visualisation model and system is introduced. The visualisation model consists of four major layers, (i) acquisition and data analysis, (ii) data representation, (iii) user and computer interaction and (iv) results repositories. There are major contributions in all four layers but particularly in data acquisition and data representation. Multiple attribute and dimensional data visualisation techniques are identified in Enterprise 2.0 and Web 2.0 environment. Transactional tagging and linked data are unearthed which is a novel contribution in information visualisation. The visualisation model and system is first realised as a tangible software system, which is then validated through different and large types of data sets in three experiments. The first experiment is based on the large Royal Mail postcode data set. The second experiment is based on a large transactional data set in an enterprise environment while the same data set is processed in a non-enterprise environment. The system interaction facilitated through new mashup techniques enables users to interact more fluently with data and the representation layer. The results are exported into various reusable formats and retrieved for further comparison and analysis purposes. The information visualisation model introduced in this research is a compact process for any size and type of data set which is a major contribution in information visualisation and data analysis. Advanced data representation techniques are employed using various web mashup technologies. New visualisation techniques have emerged from the research such as transactional tagging visualisation and linked data visualisation. The information visualisation model and system is extremely useful in addressing complex data problems with strategies that are easy to interact with and integrate.

Master of Science / Grain Science and Industry / Cassandra K. Jones / A total of 7 experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of particle size and thermal processing on swine growth performance or to develop improved analytical methods for particle size prediction. First, 5 experiments utilized 596 nursery pigs to assess how corn particle size and pelleting affected nursery pig growth performance and feed preference. The improvements from reducing particle size were mixed among experiments, potentially because pigs preferred to consume more coarsely ground corn in both mash (P < 0.05; 79.3 vs. 20.7%) and pelleted diets (P < 0.05; 58.2 vs. 31.8%) diets. Pelleting diets led to a reduction in feed disappearance, which tended to improve feed efficiency in nursery pigs (P < 0.05; 0.61 vs. 0.64 for pigs fed mash vs. pelleted diets in Exp. 1). Next, a total of 270 finishing pigs were utilized to determine the effects of long-term conditioning or extrusion of low energy feedstuffs on finishing pig nutrient digestibility, growth performance and carcass characteristics. Treatments included the same basal diet processed as: 1) non-processed mash, 2) pelleted with 45 s conditioner retention time, 3) pelleted with 90 s conditioner retention time, or 4) extruded. Thermal processing, regardless of type, improved daily gain and feed efficiency (P < 0.05), but did not affect feed intake (P > 0.10). Extruded diets tended to improve feed efficiency compared to pelleted diets (P < 0.10). However, pigs fed thermally-processed diets had greater jowl iodine value compared to those fed mash diets (P < 0.05). Finally, 420 samples were used to determine the impact of top sieve size, grain type, technician, and flow agent on the ability of a 3-sieve analytical method to accurately predict the mean particle size determined by a standardized 12-sieve method. The experiment was a 3 × 2 × 2 × 3 factorial with 3 technicians, 2 sieve sizes (U.S. No. 12 vs. 16 sieve as the top sieve), 2 flow agent levels (0 vs. 0.5 g), and 3 grain types (corn, sorghum, or wheat). Linear regression was used to develop individual equations to predict the mean particle size for each of the 3-sieve methods compared to the standard 12-sieve method recognized as ASAE S319.4, and the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS was used to evaluate the impact of main effects and interactions on predication accuracy. All interactions were removed from the model due to insignificance (P > 0.10). Technician, screen size and flow agent did not affect (P > 0.10) the accuracy of the prediction equations. Grain was the only main effect of significance (P < 0.05), where the prediction equation overestimated the particle size of wheat by approximately 15 µm and underestimated the particle size of corn by approximately 12 µm. While statistically significant, these variations were deemed to be sufficiently accurate for the 3-sieve method, and that separate equations for each grain type were not warranted to retain the simplicity of the method. In summary, technician, sieve size, grain type, and the use of flow agent did not greatly affect the accuracy of the 3-sieve particle size analytical method, so the original method was concluded to be accurate and the preferred method.

Master of Science / Food Science Institute / Jon Faubion / Brewing of beer has a long history and has evolved over time as tastes, markets and science have progressed. Traditionally malted barley is the grain source used in brewing. Malt provides a multitude of benefits including: fermentable carbohydrates, nitrogen for yeast metabolism, color compounds, flavor compounds and minor constituents that provide for various qualities in beer such as foam and colloidal stability. There is, however, interest from brewers and drinkers alike for a variety of beer styles. Because of this and other reasons, brewers have worked with adjuncts such as oats, sorghum, wheat, rice, and maize. These grains can be used in unmalted or malted forms, but the incorporation of these grains affects the brewing process and final beer qualities. A review of literature reveals the use of grains other than malted barley reduce the nitrogen contribution and alter the amino acid profile available for yeast metabolism, leading to slower fermentations and variations in the fermentation products resulting in changes to beer flavor. Exceptions include sorghum and oats, which provide a more beneficial amino acid profile than barley despite lower levels of nitrogen when compared to barley. Extract is found to increase when using maize and rice, while oats and sorghum reduce the amount of extract. Wheat has comparable extract to barley. Grains that contribute B-glucans and arabinoxylans will increase viscosity, while grains without these components will reduce viscosity if fermentation is complete. Additionally, most grains will reduce the foam stability due to altered nitrogen and protein contributions; wheat being the lone exception that improves foam stability. This review will discuss the above mentioned attributes and more to explore the changes to be expected when brewing with unmalted and malted grains other than barley.

Because of the digitalization that takes place today, the retailing field has changed dramatically. Customers buy online, mainly because of its convenience. Consequently, brick-and-mortar stores are facing competition from online companies leading to that some brick-and-mortar stores have to file for bankruptcy. The literature states that brick-and-mortar stores now have to focus on what happens inside the store in order to generate a pleasant experience. In this context, three different concepts are crucial namely, omni-channels, retail customer experience and customer value.  A concept that has emerged in order to provide a superior customer experience is Mash-up, which focuses on a mix of offerings in one store. The research question focuses on examining how Mash-up influences retail customer experience and customer value in order to see how Mash-up combined with omni-channels can influence store attractiveness. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews from customers who visited the retail stores O:Hedd and AB Småland. The results show that Mash-up tends to influence retail customer experience and customer value positively. A series of various integrated activities tend to not only have a positive impact on the retail customer experience, but it also tends to satisfy both hedonic and utilitarian value. It also emerged that omni-channels, in terms of click-and-collect, are highly valued by the customers and it indicates that the digitalization has to be taken into consideration. Thus, Mash-up combined with omni-channels will influence store attractiveness positively. Thereby, by adopting Mash-up and considering omni-channels, brick-and-mortar stores will still stand a chance against online companies.

Esta dissertação analisa o filme Tropa de Elite como fio condutor de uma discussão sobre sua repercussão reverberação em algumas mídias tradicionais e, principalmente, em rede online. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é demonstrar escrita e audiovisualmente uma análise além-fílmica proposta, como base de um possível sistema metodológico metalinguístico, onde os códigos culturais ao serem pesquisados, decupados e então reapropriados formam uma representação interpretativa em que notações e registros, bases dos valores significativos, são reorganizados a partir das relações de elementos internos e externos à obra percebendo-os, portanto, como elementos em rede. Percebemos desta maneira que a prática da pesquisa acadêmica, de uma forma muito sintetizada, pode ser conceitualizada a partir de uma prática comum ao audiovisual: o remix. Pesquisamos autores, periódicos, imagens, dados offline e online, os analisamos remixando-os e atribuindo-lhes um novo valor, tese. E assim, nos interrogamos se as Retóricas Audiovisuais em rede implicam a um consumo entre o espetáculo e a vigilância ou ao discurso de verdade implícito numa estética de realidade? A partir de uma perspectiva crítica, percebe-se claramente um enfrentamento com o banco de dados em rede, onde o anseio por uma possível metodologia de criação organizativa desta prática de remix audiovisual online para fins acadêmicos, apresenta-se uma ferramenta-projeto YouToRemix-YouTubeMix (Apêndice I/IV) que foi sendo desenhada conjuntamente a esta pesquisa de mestrado para futuro desenvolvimento. Para tanto, é aqui entregue no final deste texto de dissertação um anexo e quatro apêndices, pertinente material complementar à pesquisa aqui apresentada. / This research analyzes the movie Elite Squad as a lead discussion about its reverberation in some traditional media and mainly the Internet. Our main goal is to demonstrate a beyond movie analysis, by an audiovisual and written form as a new metalanguage methodological system where cultural codes researched, broken down for consideration of constituent parts and then reappropriate creating an interpretative representation in which records and notes are as the bottommost layer of significant value are reorganized from relations between external and inner elements of this movie, therefore we can realize them as networked components. Hence, we understand the academic research practice as an audiovisual common practice: the remix (or mash up). We research authors, journals, images and we analyze this on line and off line data to remix them generating a new value, the thesis. Thus, we ask ourselves: does the networked Audiovisual Rhetoric implicate a consumption between surveillance and spectacle or it is necessarily circumstance to the implied true discourse (Foucault\'s \"Discourse on Language\", 1970) in an aesthetic reality? From a critical and creative perspective weve cleared noticed the struggle with the network database, where the anxiety for a possible organized creation methodology of this online audiovisual remix practice for academic means, presents a tool-project YouToRemix-YouTubeMix (Appendix I/IV) which has been designed together with this research for masters degree for future development. Consequently we deliver with this dissertation four appendixes and one attachment regarding the complimentary material to the research here presented.

Submitted by MILENA HELOISA POZENATTO BICUDO TOGNETE null (mibicudo28@gmail.com) on 2017-03-28T20:38:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao versao final.pdf: 1702848 bytes, checksum: c8c7d8d8e47d1bf45f97875ac83a2798 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-03-30T17:07:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tognete_mhpb_me_sjrp.pdf: 1702848 bytes, checksum: c8c7d8d8e47d1bf45f97875ac83a2798 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T17:07:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tognete_mhpb_me_sjrp.pdf: 1702848 bytes, checksum: c8c7d8d8e47d1bf45f97875ac83a2798 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a matéria-prima e sua influência isolada no desempenho do rendimento fermentativo de uma linhagem padrão da levedura CAT-1 testada em 31 meios de cultivos provenientes do processo de fermentação alcoólica da Usina Virgolino de Oliveira – Unidade Catanduva. Os meios foram amostrados e compostos a cada quinzena durante toda as safras 2012 e 2013. O trabalho também tem como finalidade identificar a dinâmica populacional das leveduras do mesmo processo fermentativo, através da diferenciação das linhagens por cariotipagem. As cepas isoladas foram testadas em um meio de cultivo padrão para obtenção das características tecnológicas industriais através da metodologia da Capacidade Fermentativa. Os experimentos de fermentação foram realizados nos laboratórios da Usina Virgolino de Oliveira - Unidade Catanduva em escala reduzida sempre acompanhados de um ensaio padrão utilizando meio de cultivo sintético. O primeiro ponto de estudo consistiu na caracterização da matéria-prima, mosto, e sua capacidade isolada de perturbar o Rendimento Fermentativo. Enquanto que no segundo, onde onze diferentes cepas de levedura foram identificadas ao longo das duas safras, testadas em um mesmo meio de cultivo padrão para obtenção de parâmetros industriais tecnológicos como rendimento em produto (Yp/s), rendimento em célula (Yx/s), Velocidade de consumo do substrato (Vcs), Produtividade (PROD) e Conversão (CONV) e estudada a influência no Rendimento Fermentativo. O terceiro ponto de estudo foi a comparação entre os rendimentos fermentativos obtidos experimentalmente e os rendimentos fermentativos industriais da Planta. O impacto da presença das cepas com maior rendimento em etanol foi estudado em relação aos valores de rendimento fermentativo industrial. Os resultados mostraram diferenças de desempenho da Cepa Padrão na maioria das quinzenas testadas, o que significa que há variação da matéria-prima ao longo da safra e entre as safras capazes de afetar rendimento fermentativo. Diferenças de rendimento também foram observadas entre as onze cepas nativas testadas, porém com oscilações menores e menos consideráveis do que com a matéria-prima. Os resultados obtidos em escala reduzida com base nos balanços de massa se apresentaram valores semelhantes em relação aos números de referência o que sugere que a metodologia usada para avaliar a capacidade fermentativa das cepas e a qualidade da matéria-prima foi adequada. Apesar da forte influência dos fatores estudados, não foi possível afirmar, através destes experimentos, qual deles teve papel determinante no impacto do Rendimento Fermentativo. Isso sugere que outros fatores não estudados neste trabalho estão diretamente relacionados que são capazes de influenciar o Rendimento Fermentativo. / The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sucrose mash and its influence isolated on the performance of the Fermentative Yeld of a standard strain from CAT-1 yeast tested in 31 different culture medium formulation from the Virgolino de Oliveira Plant – Catanduva Unit alcoholic fermentation process. The culture medium formulation were sampled and composed every fortnight during the whole 2012 and 2013 harvest. The work also has as purpose to evaluate the yeasts population dynamics of the same fermentative process, through the differentiation of the strains by karyotyping. The isolated strains were tested in a standard culture medium to obtain the industrial technological characteristics through the Fermentative Capacity methodology. Fermentation experiments were carried out in mill’s laboratories on a reduced scale always accompanied by a standard assay using synthetic culture medium formulation. The first point of study consisted in the characterization of the raw material, sucrose mash, and its isolated capacity to disturb Fermentative Yield. In the second, eleven different strains of yeast identified during the two harvests, they were tested in the same culture medium to obtain industrial technological parameters as Yield in product (Yp/s), Yield in cell (Yx/s), Substrate consumption velocity (Vcs), Productivity (PROD) and Conversion (CONV) and studied their influence on the Fermentative Yield. The third point of study was the comparison between the fermentative yields obtained experimentally and the industrial fermentative yields of the Plant. The impact of the presence of strains with higher Yp/s was studied in relation to industrial fermentation yield values. The results showed differences in performance of the Standard Strain in most of the fortnight tested, which means that there is variation of the raw material during the harvest and between the crops capable of affecting fermentative yield. There were also Yeld difference observed among the eleven native strains tested, but with smaller and less considerable oscillations than with the raw material. The results obtained on a reduced scale based on the mass balances were within the range expected in relation to the reference values, which suggests that the methodology used to evaluate the fermentative capacity of the strains and the quality of the raw material was adequate. Despite the strong influence of the studied factors, it was not possible to prove, through these experiments, which one had a determinant role in the Fermentative Yield impact. This suggests that other factors not studied in this work are directly related that are able to influence Fermentative Yield.

The Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is one of the key signalling pathways orchestrating intricate organogenesis, including the development of neural tube, heart and skeletal muscle. Yet, insufficient mechanistic understanding of its diverse roles is available. Here, we show the molecular mechanisms regulating the neurogenic, cardiogenic and myogenic properties of Hh signalling, via effector protein Gli2, in embryonic and adult stem cells. In Chapter 2, we show that Gli2 induces neurogenesis, whereas a dominant-negative form of Gli2 delays neurogenesis in P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, a mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell model. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Gli2 associates with Ascl1/Mash1 gene elements in differentiating P19 cells and activates the Ascl1/Mash1 promoter in vitro. Thus, Gli2 mediates neurogenesis in P19 cells at least in part by directly regulating Ascl1/Mash1 expression. In Chapter 3, we demonstrate that Gli2 and MEF2C bind each other’s regulatory elements and regulate each other’s expression while enhancing cardiomyogenesis in P19 cells. Furthermore, dominant-negative Gli2 and MEF2C proteins downregulate each other’s expression while imparing cardiomyogenesis. Lastly, we show that Gli2 and MEF2C form a protein complex, which synergistically activates cardiac muscle related promoters. In Chapter 4, we illustrate that Gli2 associates with MyoD gene elements while enhancing skeletal myogenesis in P19 cells and activates the MyoD promoter in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of Hh signalling in muscle satellite cells and in proliferating myoblasts leads to reduction in MyoD and MEF2C expression. Finally, we demonstrate that endogenous Hh signalling is important for MyoD transcriptional activity and that Gli2, MEF2C and MyoD form a protein complex capable of inducing skeletal muscle-specific gene expression. Thus, Gli2, MEF2C and MyoD participate in a regulatory loop and form a protein complex capable of inducing skeletal muscle-specific gene expression. Our results provide a link between the regulation of tissue-restricted factors like Mash1, MEF2C and MyoD, and a general signal-regulated Gli2 transcription factor. We therefore provide novel mechanistic insights into the neurogenic, cardiogenic and myogenic properties of Gli2 in vitro, and offer novel plausible explanations for its in vivo functions. These results may also be important for the development of stem cell therapy strategies.