Unreinforced masonry walls subjected to blast loading are vulnerable to collapse and fragmentation. The objective of this thesis is to conduct experimental and analytical research for developing a blast retrofit methodology that utilizes polyurea. A total of four unreinforced masonry walls were constructed and tested under various shock tube induced blast pressures at the University of Ottawa Shock Tube Testing Facility. Two of the retrofitted walls had surface-sprayed polyurea. The results indicate that the use of polyurea effectively controlled fragmentation while significantly increased the load capacity and stiffness of masonry walls. Polyurea proved to be an excellent retrofit material for dissipating blast induced energy by providing ductility to the system and changing the failure mode from brittle to ductile. Single degree of freedom (SDOF) dynamic analyses were conducted as part of the analytical investigation. The results show that the analytical model provides reasonably accurate predictions of the specimen response.

La compréhension du comportement des structures en maçonneries exposées au feu et la prédiction de leur résistance au feu, sont des besoins majeurs, exprimes par les industriels de la terre cuite, à cause du manque d’études disponibles. L’objectif de ce travail est de construire des outils numériques qui sont capables de prédire le comportement et la tenue au feu des murs de briques alvéolaires en terre cuite, porteurs ou non porteurs, montes avec joints épais en mortier traditionnel ou avec joints minces en mortier colle. Pour cela, des investigations expérimentales à l’échelle de matériau et à l’échelle structurale sont menées permettant de comprendre les phénomènes thermo-hygro-mécaniques contrôlant la tenue au feu. Ces phénomènes majeurs sont par la suite pris en compte dans la construction de modèles de comportement, dont la mise en oeuvre numérique permet de disposer d’un outil de simulation de la tenue au feu des maçonneries. Pour le problème thermique, les trois modes de transferts : conduction, convection et rayonnement, avec l’ajustement de l’effet hydrique dans la capacité thermique, permettent de simuler la réponse thermo-hydrique dans la structure alvéolaire en terre cuite. Sur le plan mécanique, la tenue au feu des murs en maçonnerie est abordée du point de vue du risque d’écaillage. Cette rupture, localisée ou diffuse, des parois peut conduire à une perte d’étanchéité du mur ou à celle de son intégrité mécanique. Pour évaluer ce risque, une modélisation thermo-élastique tridimensionnelle est proposée avec la prise en compte de l’évolution des propriétés avec la température. Cette modélisation simplifiée est complétée à un critère d’écaillage de type détachement-voilement. En parallèle avec des calculs de validations, des études paramétriques sont menées afin d’identifier les influences des paramètres thermiques, mécaniques sur le comportement thermo-mécanique des murs / Understanding the behaviour of masonry structures exposed to fire and prediction of their fire resistance, are nowadays one of the major needs, expressed by manufacturers of fire-clay, because of the lack of available studies. The objective of this work is to build numerical tools that are able to predict the behaviour and resistance to fire of walls made with hollow fire-clay brick. The walls may be loadbearing or unloadbearing, joined with thick traditional mortar or thin adhesive mortar. For this purpose, experimental investigations at material scale and structural scale are carried out to understand the thermo-hygro-mechanical phenomena controlling the fire resistance rate. These major phenomena are then taken into account for the construction of behaviour models, which allow to dispose a tool of simulation of fire behaviour of masonry. For the thermal problem, the three transfer modes : conduction, convection and radiation, with the adjustment of the water effect in the heat capacity, can simulate the thermo-hygric response of alveolar structure in the fire-clay. On the mechanical problem, the fire resistance of masonry walls is approached from the point of view of the risk of spalling. This rupture, local or diffuse, of the brick partitions can lead to a loss of integrity or of loadbearing capacity. To evaluate this risk, a three-dimensional thermoelastic modeling is proposed with the taking into account of the evolution of the properties with the temperature. This simplified modeling is completed with a criterion of spalling of type detachment-buckling. In parallel with the validated calculations, parametrical studies are conducted to identify the influence of thermal, mechanical on the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the walls

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T17:57:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elilde Medeiros.pdf: 1143833 bytes, checksum: 753821a53256142f318470c59cb69f82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-17 / The work presents results from numerical analyses performed in a 32-storey reinforced concrete building in Recife. Numerical finite element analyses were performed taking into account the modeling of reinforced concrete members only as well as the masonry infill panels, considered as equivalent diagonal struts. It was also analyzed a more refined model consisting of isolated infill masonry panels subjected to frame loading from 3-D finite element analyses. Support reaction, stress resultants and displacements on the top of the buildings, obtained from performed analyses, were compared. An increase in building stiffness was observed as well as stress resultant redistribution. Infill masonry panel stresses were also investigated in order to find out the places where it is most stressed / Apresenta-se neste trabalho a análise numérica de um edifício de 32 pavimentos, em concreto armado, situado na cidade do Recife. Primeiramente foi realizada a modelagem pelo método dos elementos finitos apenas para a estrutura em concreto. Em seguida realizou-se a modelagem considerando o efeito dos painéis de alvenaria de vedação no comportamento estrutural do edifício, através do modelo de barras diagonais equivalentes. E, depois, a modelagem mais refinada de alguns desses painéis, submetidos ao carregamento proveniente dos pórticos. Os resultados obtidos nos processamentos dos modelos com barras equivalentes e sem elas foram comparados entre si, a fim de se analisarem as reações de apoio e deslocamentos no topo do edifício para os dois modelos. Constatou-se um aumento na rigidez do edifício, bem como a redistribuição dos esforços. Foram analisados também os esforços nos painéis de alvenaria a fim de se verificar em que pavimentos e em que geometria de pórticos as alvenarias estavam sujeitas a maiores tensões

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T17:57:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carlos_alexandre_santos_sales.pdf: 4056461 bytes, checksum: 353a15499589396f6deff6860ff0459e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / Fires are present in the history of cities around the world, and some of them came to star in significant changes in urban design and the construction characteristics of their buildings. In Brazil, the knowledge Fire Safety in buildings only became a matter of importance after two great national tragedies: fires in Andraus buildings (in 1972, with sixteen dead) and Joelma (in 1974 with one hundred eighty-nine dead) both in São Paulo. Currently, after the tragedy at Kiss nightclub in Santa Maria - RS in 2013, which culminated in the death of 242 young people, many changes in state laws fire protection are being suggested in Congress and in State Legislative Assemblies, however, in mostly without scientific and regulatory support. Along with legislative changes, many products and equipment appear daily in order to protect human life and the historical and cultural heritage. In this sense, there are passive protections for intumescent coatings that, as evidenced by the results of this work, have the property to maintain comfort and thermal insulation appropriate, while maintaining resistance to compression and maximum load capacity of sealing ceramic blocks at acceptable levels by the Brazilian standard, after direct exposure to flame for a period of 60 minutes. / Os incêndios estão presentes na história de várias cidades do mundo e, em algumas delas, chegaram a protagonizar mudanças significativas no desenho urbano e nas características construtivas de suas edificações. No Brasil, o conhecimento sobre segurança contra incêndio em edificações só se tornou assunto de importância após duas grandes tragédias nacionais: os incêndios nos edifícios Andraus (em 1972, com dezesseis mortos) e Joelma (em 1974, com cento e oitenta e nove mortos), ambos na cidade de São Paulo. Atualmente, após a tragédia ocorrida na boate Kiss em Santa Maria - RS em 2013, que culminou com a morte de 242 jovens, muitas alterações nas legislações estaduais de proteção contra incêndio estão sendo sugeridas no Congresso Nacional e nas Assembleias Legislativas Estaduais, porém, em sua maioria, sem respaldo científico e normativo. Juntamente com as mudanças legislativas, muitos produtos e equipamentos surgem diariamente com o objetivo de proteger a vida humana e o patrimônio histórico e cultural. Nesse sentido, surgem as proteções passivas por tintas intumescentes que, conforme se verifica com os resultados desse trabalho, possuem a propriedade de manter o conforto e isolamento térmico adequados, além de manter a resistência a compressão e capacidade máxima de carga dos blocos cerâmicos de vedação em níveis aceitáveis pela norma brasileira, após a exposição direta a chama durante um período de 60 minutos.

Este artículo trata sobre la evaluación sísmica y propuesta de refuerzo sismorresistente de un módulo escolar denominado Apenkai. El edificio fue diseñado y construido en los años 90’s, bajo el código de diseño de 1977, el cual era muy permisible y no consideraba de manera adecuada las solicitaciones sísmicas. Asimismo, presenta fallas por columna corta y agrietamiento de muros, evidenciados en sismos importantes como los de 1996 en Nazca y de 2007 en Pisco, todo ello se resume a una capacidad insuficiente para su fin fundamental como colegio de representar un refugio para los alumnos y población aledaña ante grandes terremotos. En este sentido, es necesario reforzar y acondicionar estos edificios escolares. En este estudio, se presenta una propuesta de refuerzo innovador para la estructura, reforzando los muros de mampostería de forma diagonal con bandas y anclajes de CFRP, así como completando y eliminando los muros que producen la falla por columna corta. Se realiza un análisis modal espectral para determinar el desempeño sísmico en el caso as built y con refuerzo, delimitado a un suelo flexible. Se determinó que la estructura actual no cumple con el control de agrietamientos en los muros de mampostería y que la capacidad de la estructura no soportaría un sismo severo. Además, el reforzamiento con CFRP logra incrementar la capacidad de los muros y del edificio escolar con gran ventaja respecto a los muros sin reforzar, así como incrementar la ductilidad de la estructura, otorgándole mayor desplazamiento y capacidad de liberar energía. De este modo, la estructura ahora sí podría soportar el sismo severo de acuerdo al control de corte de edificio de la norma E.070. / This article deals with the seismic evaluation and proposal of seismic-resistant reinforcement of a school module called Apenkai. The building was designed and constructed in the 90's, under the 1977 design code, which was very permissible and did not adequately consider seismic stresses. Likewise, it presents faults by short column and cracked walls, evidenced in important earthquakes such as those of 1996 in Nazca and 2007 in Pisco, all this is summarized to an insufficient capacity for its fundamental purpose as a school to represent a refuge for the students and neighboring population in front of big earthquakes. In this sense, it is necessary to reinforce and condition these school buildings. In this study, an innovative reinforcement proposal for the structure presented, reinforcing the masonry walls in a diagonal way with CFRP bands and anchors, as well as completing and eliminating the walls that produce the short column fault. A spectral modal analysis performed to determine the seismic performance in the As Built case and with reinforcement, delimited to a flexible soil. It was determined that the As Built structure does not comply with the crack control in the masonry walls and that the capacity of the structure would not support a severe earthquake. In addition, CFRP reinforcement increases the capacity of the walls and the school building with great advantage over unreinforced walls, as well as increasing the ductility of the structure, giving it greater displacement and ability to release energy. Likewise, the structure could now withstand the severe earthquake according to the control of the E.070 standard. / Trabajo de investigación

This final thesis deals with a project documentation of a new multifunctional building. The building is located in Žďár nad Sázavou, in the Neumannova street. The building is divided into residential units and areas for a small company and a shop. The house is projected as a detached building with a partial basement and three floors. The residential part has 8 apartments in total – four apartments with three bedrooms, one with two bedrooms and three with one bedroom. It includes also cellars belonging to the apartments. The non-residential part includes space for a shop and an administrative part consisting of a reception, a meeting room, offices, stores and sanitary facilities. The main entrance in to the residential part is located on the level of staircase half landing. Main entrances into the non-residential parts are on the level of the ground floor. The house dispose with 24 parking places, two of them are dedicated for drivers with disabled parking permit. The building is based on concrete strip foundations. The external load-bearing structures are walled with clay masonry in the floors and with permanent formwork in the basement. The ceiling structure is formed with prestressed floor slabs. The house is covered with a warm flat roof. The staircase is pre-fabricated. In the thesis, there was put a stress on the appropriate dispositional, structural, technical and architectural design and on the safety in the use of the building. The drawing documentation is processed in the AutoCAD.

The increased moisture of the building materials causes the change of its mechanical and physical characteristic. In particular the high amount of loose water in construction shorten the lifetime of the building, is harmful to human beings due to biotic factors and increase the economic expenses of usage of the building. Apart from the costs of rehabilitation the loose water deteriorates the thermal insulative ability (thermal conductivity coefficient ) of perimeter masonry as well. The moisture gets into masonry not only through its deffects but also due to many different reasons. In order to improve the utility value of the buildings we have to deal with the rehabilitation of damp masonry with view to all possible causes. Only the properly working damp proofing ensures the protection against the water leaking from the subfoundation of the building. One of the direct techniques which have undergone rapid progress in last few years is the injection procedure. With use of experimental methods in my dissertation I deal with evaluation of two injection compounds used in Czech Republic and with its impact on the characteristics of the mortar. With the modern hollow bricks (system THERM) it is possible to create horizontal infusion into the lateral mortar grooves in future.

In this proposed technical documentation for a detached mountain hotel Corleone. This hotel includes wellness, restaurant and 2 breefing rooms. The hotel is designed for a 24 guests. The proposed new building is located in the village Velke Karlovice, near Vsetin. The bulit up area is 496,70 m. The hotel Corleone has three above – grand floors and one underground floor. The object based on basic pass from plain concrete. The perimeter masonry (brickwork) in the first S is made from lost formwork and reinforced concrete. Otherwise the entire hotel is worn from building system called Porotherm. The roof is solved as a sloping hipped with inhabited attic. The diploma thesis includes study and preparatory work, situational drawings, architectural-building solutions, fire safety solutions and building physics. Part of the study and preparatory work is also a visualization of the hotel, which is called Corleone.

The aim of the Diploma thesis is the project documentation for the execution of the administrative building. This is an administrative building located on the outskirts of Letohrad. The building consists of one section that has three above-ground floors and one section that has only one above-ground floor. The building is used for administration, trade and storage. For administrative work is designed the three-storey part of the building and single-storey part of the building is designated for trade and storage. The main entrances to the building are located on its west side and the next entrances to the building is located on its southern side and northern side. The building is based on foundation strips and pads of plain concrete. The building is designed from a masonry structural system made of concrete blocks made of lightweight concrete and the third floor is partly designed as a timber structure made of wooden KVH squared timber. The ceiling structures are designed from prestressed ceiling panels. Roof structure above the main part of the building is designed two-stage pitched roof octagon shape and the roof above the single-storey part of the building is designed as warm flat extensive green roof.

The subject of this diploma thesis is a project for design documentation of boarding house which is oriented at south Moravia in the village Pavlov. The object is solved as four-storey with a partial recession of the first floor into the terrain. Boarding house will serve for the accommodation of 52 people. In the first floor, there is an entrance hall with reception, relaxing area and technical equipment of the building. In the second floor, there is a restaurant with a terrace and all necessary facilities for guests and restaurant staff. Two second highest floors are determined for guest accommodation. The construction of foundation is made from strip foundation. The structure is from bricks with monolith reinforced concrete frame in the first floor. It is a longitudinal wall system transversally reinforced by staircases. The perimeter walls will be insulated with ETICS system. The ceiling will be created from the prestressed reinforced concrete panels. Construction of roof is made from truss girders saddle type.