Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2004. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität zu Köln, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 294-313).

Thesis (M.M.)--Butler University, 1985. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 474-476).

Orientador : Ahmed Athia El-Dash / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T23:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bianchini_MicheleCarolina_M.pdf: 1596733 bytes, checksum: cae6289c734fc3fd9db1acfae0c80c6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Um fermento natural desenvolvido para produção de panetone passou por uma secagem, visando obter um fermento natural em pó. Este trabalho investigou primeiramente os métodos de secagem viáveis para as leveduras e as bactérias lácticas presentes no fermento natural. Os métodos testados foram secagem em spray drier e secagem em estufa com ar forçado. O objetivo foi encontrar uma alternativa para a liofilização que é frequentemente usada em secagem de microorganismos. Após a seleção do método de secagem foram realizados 17 tratamentos referentes a um planejamento experimental 23 com três repetições no ponto central e seis pontos axiais. As variáveis independentes foram: temperatura de secagem (24, 32 e 40ºC), porcentagem de sorbitol (2, 6 e 10%) e porcentagem de sacarose (1, 3 e 5%). As variáveis respostas foram: tempo de secagem, contagem de bactérias lácticas e contagem de leveduras. As melhores condições encontradas foram 24ºC, 2% de sorbitol e 1% de sacarose. Durante as aplicações do fermento seco verificou-se que o antes e o pós da secagem têm uma influência muito grande na performance do fermento. A preparação do fermento para secagem ¿ que inclui a extrusão do fermento em extrusora de macarrão e os métodos de reidratação do fermento seco foram testados e analisados. O melhor crescimento dos microorganismos foi obtido com uma reidratação com 1,5% de leite em pó e 0,23% de nutriente de fermento. Com a reidratação definida, realizou-se os testes para o acerto da receita e do processo de fabricação de panetone com fermento seco. O panetone com fermento seco foi comparado tecnicamento com o panetone feito com fermento natural. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: volume específico, cor da crosta, características da crosta, cor do miolo, estrutura do miolo, umidade do miolo, aroma, gosto, pH e maciez em texturômetro. Na pontuação geral não houve diferença significativa entre o padrão e o teste. Na análise do pH, o panetone com fermento natural seco apresentou diferença significativa em relação ao panetone padrão, porém os valores atingidos os normais para o padrão de panetone. A análise da maciez em texturômetro mostrou uma ligeira superioridade do panetone padrão nos primeiros 30 dias. Na análise com 40 a 80 dias de fabricação os panetones tiveram uma maciez similar. O estudo mostrou que é possível eliminar a etapa de manutenção do fermento natural com a sua secagem e que fermento natural seco obtido é capaz de produzir panetones com bons resultados / Abstract: It has been developed a sourdough to produce panetone and it was dried. This work investigated firstly the practicable drying methods for yeasts and acid lactic bacterias presents in the sourdough. Spray drier and hot air. The object was to find an alternative to the freeze drying method, wich is often used to microorganisms. After the selection of the best method, an experimental design 23 with 17 treatments was planned ¿ with three central points and six axial points. Independent variables were: drying temperature (24, 32 and 40ºC), sorbitol dosage (2, 6 and 10%) and saccharose dosage (1, 3 and 5%). Dependents variables were: drying time, acid lactic bacteria counting and yeast counting. The best conditions were 24ºC, 2% of sorbitol and 1% of saccharose. During the dried sourdough aplications was verified that before and after drying conditions had a big influence in the sourdough performance. The sourdough drying preparation ¿ includes the sourdough extrusion and the sourdough rehidratation methods ¿ were analysed. The best microorganism development was obtained with 1,5% of powder milk and 0,23% of sourdough nutrient. Defined the rehidratation, tests to ajust the recipe and process were done. The panettone done with the dried sourdough was technically compared with the normal panetone with fresh sourdough. The considered parameters were: specific volum, color crust, crust caracteristics, color crumb, crumb struture, crumb moisture, flavour, taste, pH and softness. There was no significante diference at 5% in the total pontuation between standard and test. The tested panettones had significative diference compared with the standard in pH, although the obtained values were normal found in literature. In softness analysis the standard panettone had a little superiority in the first thirty days. In the analysis with 40 to 70 days after production all panettones had a similar softness. The study showed that it is possible to elimate the sourdough maintenance step and to obtain panettones with good results / Mestrado / Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos

Les atmosphères intérieures sont particulièrement riches en Composés Organiques Volatils (COV), avec des concentrations 2 à 10 fois supérieures à celles mesurées à l’extérieur. Bien que cette pollution représente un enjeu sanitaire majeur, la grande diversité des sources de COV impliquées et le manque d’outils pour la mesure in-situ des émissions de matériaux de construction rendent la mise en place de stratégies d’amélioration de la qualité de l’air intérieur difficile. L’objectif principal de cette thèse a été de développer, de qualifier et d'utiliser des préleveurs passifs dans différents types de bâtiments afin de démontrer le potentiel de ces outils peu coûteux pour (i) la mesure in-situ des émissions en COV et (ii) l’évaluation de stratégies de réduction de cette pollution. La première partie de ce travail a permis le développement et la qualification de trois préleveurs passifs pour la mesure des émissions d’aldéhydes (formaldéhyde et acétaldéhyde) et de composés aromatiques (BTEX, styrène et 1,2,4-triméthylbenzène). Les performances analytiques sont apparues suffisantes pour une application in-situ. Dans une seconde partie, le déploiement de ces préleveurs au sein de logements et d'établissements scolaires a permis de montrer le potentiel de ces nouveaux outils, ainsi que leurs limites, pour du diagnostic de sources d’émission en air intérieur. / Indoor atmospheres are rich in volatile organic compounds (VOC), with indoor concentrations 2 to 10 times higher than outdoor concentrations. Even though indoor pollution is a sanitary topical issue, the wide diversity of VOC sources and the lack of tools for the measurement in-situ of the emissions from materials make difficult the application of strategies of VOC concentration reduction.The main objectives of this thesis were to develop, to qualify and to use passive samplers into different type of buildings in order to demonstrate the potential of these cheap tools for (i) the measurement in-situ of VOC emissions and (ii) the evaluation of strategies of VOC concentration reduction. The first part of this work allowed the development and the qualification of three passives samplers for the measurement of the emissions of aldehydes (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) and aromatic compounds (BTEX, styrene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene). Analytical performances are adequate for a in-situ application. In a second part, the deployment of these samplers in accommodations and schools allowed to show the potential and limits of these tools for emissions sources diagnosis in indoor environments.

Cette thèse se veut une analyse sociologique du phénomène peyilòk en Haïti qui a émergé de la spontanéité créative des masses populaires en protestation à la décision du gouvernement Moïse/Lafontant d’augmenter les prix du carburant le 6 juillet 2018. Cette nouvelle forme d’action protestataire s’est développée et consolidée au sein du mouvement pétrocaribe jusqu’à en devenir complètement autonome. En effet, cette recherche se donne un triple objectif : dégager une compréhension des contextes socio-politiques dans lesquels le peyilòk s’est émergé et développé; saisir ses significations du point de vue des protestataires qui se sont engagés dans les dynamiques de mobilisations; et parvenir à une théorisation de ce phénomène. Cette recherche est réalisée à partir d’une enquête qualitative de terrain constituée de onze entretiens individuels semi-dirigés, trois groupes de discussion et des discussions informelles. Ce travail empirique s’est inscrit dans une quête de réponse à un question centrale de recherche qui constituait la pierre angulaire de celle-ci, à savoir : comment pouvons-nous appréhender l’émergence et la mise en sens du phénomène peyilòk dans les dynamiques de mobilisation contre l’État haïtien? Ayant une prévalence empirique, étant dans une approche méthodologique de théorisation ancrée, les discours des protestataires sont au centre cette recherche.

Numerical simulation and remote sensing have indicated that the northern half of the Red Sea has a significant role in the thermohaline circulation within the basin. However, very few studies with in situ observation have been performed in a region where the formation of Red Sea Outflow Water (RSOW) and occasionally of Red Sea Deep Water (RSDW) take place during the winter in the northern Red Sea (NRS). This study provides new insights into the seasonal variability and the mechanisms that drive the thermohaline circulation of the north half Red Sea using high-resolution glider observations combined with reanalysis and satellite datasets. The study describes the water masses characteristics, the mesoscale activity, and the forcing mechanisms. In addition, we examine the biogeochemical responses to the physical drivers in the northern half of the Red Sea and how these processes alter the marine ecosystem. During winter, the mesoscale eddy activity and heat fluxes create the necessary conditions for the formation of RSOW in the NRS. The cyclonic circulation elevates relatively denser water in the surface, which is exposed to the atmosphere exchange. Thus, it leads to subduction of the surface layer forming of RSOW. The subducted water has been characterized by high oxygen as it has recently been ventilated. In addition, chlorophyll fluorescence has subducted along the isopycnals, contributing to exporting material below the sunlit layer. After the formation of RSOW, a period of strong anticyclonic circulation was observed In late February, which stirred and mixed the advected waters from the south in the northern region. It is accompanied by heat flux transition, and at the periphery of the observed Anticyclonic Eddy, an uplifting of the densest water to the surface occurred. The presence of the anticyclonic circulation enables the water advection from the south and extends the time of the surface water for atmospheric exposure. In April, the warmer intrusion of fresher waters from the south dominated the eastern part of the NRS, reestablishing the cyclonic circulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in situ observation in the NRS that captured the seasonal progression of the transition of heat flux in wintertime and water advection that terminates the formation of RSOW. A continuous supply of northward warmer, lower salinity near the coast from the south is observed throughout the summertime period. Strong stratification with surface mixed layers no deeper than 25-30 meters due to the advection of lower salinity surface water and local heating. Another change that occurred during the summer period is that the source of low salinity inflow into the region transitioned from Gulf of Aden Surface Water (GASW) to Gulf of Aden Intermediate Water (GAIW)—assuming that the inflow of GAIW began with the onset of the Southwest Monsoonal winds in the south. The summertime heating and along basin evaporation set up the system for the wintertime cooling and additional evaporation that contributes to the formation of RSOW and RSDW. The mixed layer Price-Weller-Pinkel (PWP) model (Price et al., 1986) is implemented to quantify the influence of local heat fluxes compared with horizontal advection of the Gulf of Aden Water on the upper layer. Simulation of the mixed layer showed that advection was the major contributor to the seasonally integrated heat content and mixed layer simulation in summer. In contrast to winter, the timing of the mesoscale eddy activity, significant cooling, and advection add complexity to the region. The difference in the heat content was significant, and the PWP predicted an increasing mixed layer depth, while the observed mixed layer depth remained relatively constant. The differences between the calculated and simulated heat content were minimum during the absence of the mesoscale eddy and advection from the south. Overall, the quantification suggests a complex relationship between atmospheric forcing and advection on the heat content and the mixed layer depth.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Meteorology, 1969. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 56-57. / by Albert W. Green, Jr. / Ph.D.

Thesis. 1975. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Meteorology. / Bibliography: leaf 34. / M.S.

Thesis. 1977. Sc.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Meteorology. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Vita. / Bibliography : leaves 167-170. / Sc.D.