This study selects five public and private universities as subjects of study, using literature review, theoretical analysis, survey questionnaire of Delphi Technique, interviews in depth with experts, and the SWOT analysis to investigate the appropriateness and accuracy of measurement indicators which are used to evaluate the extent of internationalization for universities by the government in order to establish the measurement indicators of internationalization for Taiwan higher education. Based on the established measurement indicators we propose an integrated strategic plan of internationalization for Taiwan higher education. Based on the results of the study we obtained 6 dimensions such as teachers, students, research internationalization, course internationalization, international visibility and internationalization of administration and campus in addition to 74 criteria as the measurement indicators for the internationalization of Taiwan higher education. After analysis, we found that the measurement indicators of the accreditation institutions of Taiwan higher education are still not profound enough with respect to internationalization one. Current indicators lack of the care of international vision of students and international courses and therefore their accuracy and appropriateness are quite disputable. In internationalization strategy, our research results show that the investment of educational resources by the government is insufficient in comparison with the nearby countries. The subjects under study take majority in common internationalization strategies while showing their differences with respect to their own status, backgrounds, resources, academic specialty domains, and future development. In addition, the international visibility has a great impact on raising university competition ability and it seems that there is still much space of efforts to be put by all the subjects under the study. According to the research results, we suggest that government had better invest more resources at long term basis to assist universities to conduct long term academic interactions in teaching and research cooperation; take the good opportunity of more and more attention of the Chinese culture and the leading position of Taiwan in learning culture level to raise the quality of higher education and develop Taiwan into an academic platform and research center of Asia; while the universities can raise international visibility by participating in international organizations and establishing collaboration relations with foreign universities, develop academic fields that have local characteristics, establish differentiation strategies and create competition advantages. The measurement indicators of internationalization of higher education established by this study can provide as a direction or reference for universities and higher education accreditation institutions in promoting or evaluating their internationalization efforts.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study investigates the relevance of quality measurement indicators at higher education libraries for faculty academics, librarians, and students. The study followed a mixed-method design with a mixture of quantitative and qualitative data collection. Faculty academics, librarians and students ranked the existing quality measurement indicators for South African higher education libraries. The findings revealed that for library quality measures to meet the needs of faculty academics, librarians, and students, the resources must be accessible both physically and virtually, and staff should be accountable and willing to offer services responsive to the users' needs and expectations of a safe, secure, and comfortable library space, be it physical or virtual. The qualitative data highlighted the importance of adequate resources and the adoption of new developments as measures for quality. Quality measurement indicators must include elements such as adequate funding; relevant resources aligned with teaching and learning programmes; programmes that are integrated into teaching plans; effective supplier collaboration with respect to the process of acquiring relevant learning materials; effective student training; communication of the value of library services and alignment with the student learning outcomes; research support in a digital environment with e-tools and website navigability; research data management; and open access, which is a prominent role of the library. Based on the data, there was a quality measure (process) that was commendable even though it did not form part of the existing quality measures nor a service whose relevance was assessed. The separation of undergraduate and postgraduate learning spaces was amongst those services that ranked quite high from the students' responses (qualitative data). Even though there were differences emphasized on each indicator by either faculty academics or students, there were also discrepancies in the interpretation of what each quality indicator means to each study population group. As the study of this nature has recommendations and gaps identified in terms of research findings, it is quite important to record that there was a series of gaps that were identified in terms of library expectations and perceptions. These gaps were suggested as part of further research that must be conducted to fill the void in terms of library users’ voices in the development of higher education library measurement indicators.

Magistro darbe tiriama paprastųjų kadagių būklė, pažeidimo priežastys, menkaverčių medžių ir krūmų paplitimas ir gausa, būklės pokyčiai 1998 – 2008 metais, dendrometriniai rodikliai, patrauklumas lankytojams. Darbo objektas - Dubravos eksperimentinės mokomosios miškų urėdijos Šilėnų girininkijos 61 kv. 15skl. 2,6ha plote augantis kadagynas, įeinantis i Kauno marių regioninio parko Arlaviškių botaninio draustinio teritoriją. Tyrimo tikslas - Įvertinti Arlaviškių botaniniame draustinyje augančio kadagyno būklę. Darbo metodai – instrumentinis dendrometrinių rodiklių nustatymas, vizualinis kadagių būklės, kitų medžių ir krūmų rūšių gausos įvertinimas, anketinis objekto patrauklumo lankytojams vertinimas. Darbo rezultatai – 2008 metais kadagynui nustatyti šie dendrometriniai rodikliai: Dvid= 10.1 cm, Hvid = 6.5 m, Avid = 55 m. Aukščiausi kadagiai siekia 12.5 m, storiausi – 22.5 cm. Kadagyno vidutinis tankumas 1232 vnt/ha. Kadagyno individų daugumą sudaro krūminę formą turintys kadagiai (68,1 %), likusieji 32,9 % - medeliai. Tarp medelių 30 % turi koloniškąją formą (Juniperus communis ‘Hibernica‘), bei 1–2% svyruoklinę (Juniperus communis ’Oblonga Pendula’). Kadagynas apibūdinamas kaip vidutiniškai pažeistas. Jame sveiki individai sudaro 10,8 %, įvairiu laipsniu pažeisti 68,7 %, sausuoliai – 20.5 %. Pagrindinės kadagyno pažeidimų priežastys: per tankios individų grupės ir individų tarpusavio sąveika (37,7 %), įvairūs kirtimai (46 %), šakų laužymas (11,1 %), kadagių ligos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master's work examined the conventional status of juniper, of demage causes negligible trees and shrubs prevalence and abundance, changes of state from 1998 to 2008, tree measurement indicators, attractiveness to visitors. Job object - Dubrava experimental educational forest enterprise Silėnai forestrys 61 compartment 15 sebcompartment 2.6 ha growing junipers formations, that included to the Gulf of Kaunas Regional Park Reserve of Arlaviškių botanical area. The aim of the study - To evaluate Arlaviškes botanical reserves growing junipers growing area condition. Working methods - instrumental tree measurement indicators. Visual status of juniper and other trees and shrubs of species abundance assessment. Personal assessment of the object's attractiveness to visitors. Study results - 2008 Juniper formation the following tree measurement indicators Dvid = 10.1 cm, Hvid = 6.5 m, Avid = 55 years Juniper aims to the highest 12.5 m, thick trees - 22.5 cm. Juniper formation average density of 1232 units/ha. Juniper formation individuals constitute the majority of the indigenous form of Juniper (68.1%), the remaining 32.9% - saplings. Among the trees by 30% to Juniperus communis' Hibernicus ' form, and 1 - 2% Juniperus communis' Oblonga Pendula'. Juniper formation defined as the average demage. It consists of 10.8% healthy individuals, varying the degree of prejudice to 68.7%, dry trees - 20.5%. The main causes of demage juniper formation: density of individuals within the group... [to full text]

The research on the integration of immigrants has become important during the last decades and the ways of measuring the integration of immigrants became more specific and specialized. In this study, the integration of Moroccan immigrants in the Valencian Autonomous Community of Spain was selected, considering that it is one of the most numerous foreign conglomerates and the one that contribute most to the economy of the Valencian Community.   The study aims to investigate whether Moroccan immigrants are integrated into the Valencian Community and what is the role of government integration plans to achieve this integration. This study was divided into two stages, first, an analysis of the plans to know the rights and guarantees of Moroccan immigrants in the Valencian Community and second, a field study where Moroccan immigrants were interviewed to know their level of interaction with the host society.   The study takes the Spencer and Charsley Domain Model, to analyze the integration processes of Moroccan immigrants through different domains, such as social, structural, cultural, civic, or in relation to identity. During fieldwork, interviews were conducted using specific measurement indicators, such as the level of participation in the labor market, access to training and education, the level of social interaction with the community, the change of values or in their lifestyle and the sense of belonging to the host country, among others. Also, the gender and age of the immigrants were considered.   The study concludes that the integration plans have an important role in the integration process by providing an equal opportunity base for immigrants. However, Moroccan immigrants, have weak ties at a cultural and social level with Spain, despite expressing their willingness to stay in Spain. / La investigación sobre la integración de los inmigrantes ha cobrado importancia durante las últimas décadas. A su vez las formas de medir la integración de los inmigrantes se han vuelto más específicas y especializadas. En este estudio se seleccionó la integración de inmigrantes marroquíes en la Comunidad Valenciana de España, considerando que es uno de los conglomerados extranjeros más numerosos y el que mas aporta a la economía de dicha comunidad.Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar si los inmigrantes marroquíes están integrados en la Comunidad Valenciana y cuál es el rol de los planes de integración gubernamentales en esa integración. La investigación se dividió en dos etapas, en primer lugar, un análisis de los planes para conocer los derechos y garantías de los inmigrantes marroquíes en la Comunidad Valenciana, y en segundo lugar, un estudio de campo donde se entrevistó a los inmigrantes marroquíes para conocer su nivel de interacción con la sociedad de acogida.El estudio toma el Modelo de Dominio de Spencer y Charsley, para analizar los procesos de integración de los inmigrantes marroquíes a través de diferentes dominios como el social, estructural, cultural, el cívico y en lo concerniente a su identidad. Durante el trabajo de campo se realizaron entrevistas utilizando indicadores de medición específicos, tales como el nivel de participación en el mercado laboral, el acceso a la formación y educación, el nivel de interacción social con la comunidad, el cambio en sus valores o en su estilo de vida y el sentido de pertenencia con el país anfitrión. Además, se consideró el género y la edad de los inmigrantes entre otros factores.El estudio concluye que los planes de integración tienen un papel importante en el proceso de integración al brindar una base de igualdad de oportunidades para los inmigrantes. Sin embargo, los inmigrantes marroquíes, tienen lazos débiles a nivel cultural y social con España a pesar de manifestar su voluntad de permanecer en el país.

Depuis quelques décennies, l'intérêt pour l’étude de la fonction d’évaluation s’est diversifié pour approfondir les principes théoriques (Jenkinson, 1922; Schellenberg, 1956; Samuels, 1992; Cook, 1992b; Eastwood, 1992b; Duranti, 1994; Couture, 1999), les stratégies (Booms, 1972; Samuels, 1986; Cook, 1992b; Eastwood, 1992b; Couture, 1999) et les dispositifs de leur processus d’application (Ham, 1984; Boles & Young, 1991; Cook, 2001a, 2001b). Mais, toutes ces contributions n'ont pas encore étudié la nature des résultats de l'évaluation que sont les archives définitives. Du point de vue patrimonial, l’absence d’études sur la définition et la mesure des qualités des archives définitives ne permet pas de vérifier si ces archives constituent un patrimoine documentaire significatif. Sur le plan administratif, l’état actuel de la pratique de l'évaluation n'a pas encore investi dans l'examen méticuleux de la nature de ses résultats. Au plan économique, le manque de méthodes et d'outils pour la mesure des qualités des archives ne permet pas de juger si ces archives valent l’investissement matériel, technique, financier et humain que leur conservation implique. Du point de vue professionnel, l’absence de méthodes et d’instruments d’évaluation des qualités des archives ne permet pas aux professionnels d’appuyer leur décision en matière d’évaluation des archives. Afin de remédier à cette situation, notre recherche vise à définir et à mesurer les qualités des archives définitives issues de l’évaluation. Pour ce faire, nous privilégions une méthodologie quantitative de nature descriptive, appropriée lorsqu’il s’agit d’étudier un sujet peu abordé (Fortin, 2006) tel que l'opérationnalisation des qualités des archives définitives. La stratégie de la recherche a comporté deux phases. La phase conceptuelle a permis d’identifier et de définir quatre qualités soit l’« Unicité », la « Preuve crédible », l’« Exploitabilité » et la « Représentativité ». La phase empirique consistait à vérifier la mesurabilité, à titre d’exemple, des variables découlant de deux des quatre dimensions de qualité dans le contexte des archives définitives, soit la « Preuve crédible » et l’« Exploitabilité ». Le mode de collecte des données réside dans l’application d’une grille de mesure conçue spécialement aux fins de cette étude. La réalisation de la collecte de données qui s’est déroulée à Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec a permis l’opérationnalisation de 10 indicateurs spécifiques sur 13 appartenant à deux dimensions de qualité : la « Preuve crédible » et l’« Exploitabilité » des archives définitives. Ainsi, trois indicateurs spécifiques sur l’ensemble de 13 sont restés sans mesures à cause d’une certaine faiblesse liée à leur mesure que nous avons pu identifier et vérifier lors des pré-tests de la recherche. Ces trois indicateurs spécifiques sont le « Créateur » dans le cadre de la dimension de la « Preuve crédible », ainsi que la « Compréhensibilité » et la « Repérabilité » dans le cadre de la dimension de l’« Exploitabilité ». Les mesures obtenues pour les 10 indicateurs ont mené à l’identification des avantages et des points à améliorer concernant différentes variables liées au créateur, au service de conservation ou encore à l’état et à la nature du support. Cibler l’amélioration d’un produit ou d’un service représente, comme démontré dans la revue de la littérature, le but ultime d’une étude sur les dimensions de qualité. Trois types de contributions découlent de cette recherche. Au plan théorique, cette recherche offre un cadre conceptuel qui permet de définir le concept de qualité des archives définitives dans une perspective d’évaluation archivistique. Au plan méthodologique, elle propose une méthode de mesure des qualités applicables aux archives définitives ainsi que les instruments et le guide qui expliquent sa réalisation. Au plan professionnel, d'une part, elle permet d’évaluer les résultats de l’exercice de l’évaluation archivistique; d'autre part, elle offre aux professionnels non seulement une grille de mesure des qualités des archives définitives déjà testée, mais aussi le guide de son application. / Some decades ago, interest in studying the archival appraisal function was diversified to deepen theoretical principles (Jenkinson, 1922; Schellenberg, 1956; Samuels, 1992; Cook, 1992b; Eastwood, 1992b; Duranti, 1994; Couture, 1999), strategies (Booms, 1972; Samuels, 1986; Cook, 1992b; Eastwood, 1992b; Couture, 1999) and their implementation process - techniques, instruments and criteria - (Ham, 1984; Boles & Young, 1991; Cook, 2001a, 2001b). However, all these contributions have not yet studied the nature of appraisal results that compose historical archives. The following four elements explain the nature of this problem. First, from the perspective of documentary heritage, the lack of studies on the definition and measurement of the quality of historical archives prevents verification as whether archive materials are significant. Second, at the administrative level, the current practice of appraisal does not yet invest in a meticulous examination of the nature of its results. Third, in economic terms, the lack of methods and tools used to measure the quality of archives, affects whether these records are judged to be worth the material, technical, financial and human investment that their preservation requires. Finally, from a professional standpoint, the absence of methods and instruments to assess the quality of archives prevents professionals from supporting their decisions on archival appraisal. To remedy this situation, our research seeks to define and measure the quality of archives resulting from their appraisal. For the implementation of the research, we use a quantitative descriptive methodology, and apply it to an unexplored topic (Fortin, 2006) as the operationalization of archival quality. Two phases constitute the strategy of research. A conceptual phase, in which four quality dimensions of historical archives have been identified and defined. Then an empirical phase aimed to verify the measurability of variables derived from two quality dimensions in the context of historical archives. The data collection was based on the application of a historical archives measurement grid. The completion of data collection which took place at the Bibliothèque Archives nationales du Québec and their processing has enabled the operationalization of 10 specific indicators out of 13 belonging to two dimensions of quality: "Credible evidence" and "Exploitability" of archives. This means that three specific indicators out of 13 were without measures because of some weakness related to their measurement that we have identified and verified during pre-testing research. These three specific indicators are the "Creator" in the context of the size of the "Credible evidence" and "Comprehensibility" and "Findability" in the dimension of "Exploitability". The measurements were conducted to identify weaknesses and improve several variables related to the creator, the conservation office or the state and the nature of the support. Targeting the improvement of a product or service is, as demonstrated in the literature review, the ultimate goal of a study on the dimensions of quality. Our research promises three significant benefits. In theory, it develops a conceptual framework that offers the definition of the dimensions of the concept of historical archival quality derived from the appraisal process. At the methodological level, it offers a method for measuring the quality of historical archives already tested in the context of a government agency. At the professional level, firstly, it allows the assessment of the results of the exercise of archival appraisal; furthermore, it provides professionals with not only a measurement grid for measuring historical archival qualities already tested, but also the guide that facilitates its application.

Depuis quelques décennies, l'intérêt pour l’étude de la fonction d’évaluation s’est diversifié pour approfondir les principes théoriques (Jenkinson, 1922; Schellenberg, 1956; Samuels, 1992; Cook, 1992b; Eastwood, 1992b; Duranti, 1994; Couture, 1999), les stratégies (Booms, 1972; Samuels, 1986; Cook, 1992b; Eastwood, 1992b; Couture, 1999) et les dispositifs de leur processus d’application (Ham, 1984; Boles & Young, 1991; Cook, 2001a, 2001b). Mais, toutes ces contributions n'ont pas encore étudié la nature des résultats de l'évaluation que sont les archives définitives. Du point de vue patrimonial, l’absence d’études sur la définition et la mesure des qualités des archives définitives ne permet pas de vérifier si ces archives constituent un patrimoine documentaire significatif. Sur le plan administratif, l’état actuel de la pratique de l'évaluation n'a pas encore investi dans l'examen méticuleux de la nature de ses résultats. Au plan économique, le manque de méthodes et d'outils pour la mesure des qualités des archives ne permet pas de juger si ces archives valent l’investissement matériel, technique, financier et humain que leur conservation implique. Du point de vue professionnel, l’absence de méthodes et d’instruments d’évaluation des qualités des archives ne permet pas aux professionnels d’appuyer leur décision en matière d’évaluation des archives. Afin de remédier à cette situation, notre recherche vise à définir et à mesurer les qualités des archives définitives issues de l’évaluation. Pour ce faire, nous privilégions une méthodologie quantitative de nature descriptive, appropriée lorsqu’il s’agit d’étudier un sujet peu abordé (Fortin, 2006) tel que l'opérationnalisation des qualités des archives définitives. La stratégie de la recherche a comporté deux phases. La phase conceptuelle a permis d’identifier et de définir quatre qualités soit l’« Unicité », la « Preuve crédible », l’« Exploitabilité » et la « Représentativité ». La phase empirique consistait à vérifier la mesurabilité, à titre d’exemple, des variables découlant de deux des quatre dimensions de qualité dans le contexte des archives définitives, soit la « Preuve crédible » et l’« Exploitabilité ». Le mode de collecte des données réside dans l’application d’une grille de mesure conçue spécialement aux fins de cette étude. La réalisation de la collecte de données qui s’est déroulée à Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec a permis l’opérationnalisation de 10 indicateurs spécifiques sur 13 appartenant à deux dimensions de qualité : la « Preuve crédible » et l’« Exploitabilité » des archives définitives. Ainsi, trois indicateurs spécifiques sur l’ensemble de 13 sont restés sans mesures à cause d’une certaine faiblesse liée à leur mesure que nous avons pu identifier et vérifier lors des pré-tests de la recherche. Ces trois indicateurs spécifiques sont le « Créateur » dans le cadre de la dimension de la « Preuve crédible », ainsi que la « Compréhensibilité » et la « Repérabilité » dans le cadre de la dimension de l’« Exploitabilité ». Les mesures obtenues pour les 10 indicateurs ont mené à l’identification des avantages et des points à améliorer concernant différentes variables liées au créateur, au service de conservation ou encore à l’état et à la nature du support. Cibler l’amélioration d’un produit ou d’un service représente, comme démontré dans la revue de la littérature, le but ultime d’une étude sur les dimensions de qualité. Trois types de contributions découlent de cette recherche. Au plan théorique, cette recherche offre un cadre conceptuel qui permet de définir le concept de qualité des archives définitives dans une perspective d’évaluation archivistique. Au plan méthodologique, elle propose une méthode de mesure des qualités applicables aux archives définitives ainsi que les instruments et le guide qui expliquent sa réalisation. Au plan professionnel, d'une part, elle permet d’évaluer les résultats de l’exercice de l’évaluation archivistique; d'autre part, elle offre aux professionnels non seulement une grille de mesure des qualités des archives définitives déjà testée, mais aussi le guide de son application. / Some decades ago, interest in studying the archival appraisal function was diversified to deepen theoretical principles (Jenkinson, 1922; Schellenberg, 1956; Samuels, 1992; Cook, 1992b; Eastwood, 1992b; Duranti, 1994; Couture, 1999), strategies (Booms, 1972; Samuels, 1986; Cook, 1992b; Eastwood, 1992b; Couture, 1999) and their implementation process - techniques, instruments and criteria - (Ham, 1984; Boles & Young, 1991; Cook, 2001a, 2001b). However, all these contributions have not yet studied the nature of appraisal results that compose historical archives. The following four elements explain the nature of this problem. First, from the perspective of documentary heritage, the lack of studies on the definition and measurement of the quality of historical archives prevents verification as whether archive materials are significant. Second, at the administrative level, the current practice of appraisal does not yet invest in a meticulous examination of the nature of its results. Third, in economic terms, the lack of methods and tools used to measure the quality of archives, affects whether these records are judged to be worth the material, technical, financial and human investment that their preservation requires. Finally, from a professional standpoint, the absence of methods and instruments to assess the quality of archives prevents professionals from supporting their decisions on archival appraisal. To remedy this situation, our research seeks to define and measure the quality of archives resulting from their appraisal. For the implementation of the research, we use a quantitative descriptive methodology, and apply it to an unexplored topic (Fortin, 2006) as the operationalization of archival quality. Two phases constitute the strategy of research. A conceptual phase, in which four quality dimensions of historical archives have been identified and defined. Then an empirical phase aimed to verify the measurability of variables derived from two quality dimensions in the context of historical archives. The data collection was based on the application of a historical archives measurement grid. The completion of data collection which took place at the Bibliothèque Archives nationales du Québec and their processing has enabled the operationalization of 10 specific indicators out of 13 belonging to two dimensions of quality: "Credible evidence" and "Exploitability" of archives. This means that three specific indicators out of 13 were without measures because of some weakness related to their measurement that we have identified and verified during pre-testing research. These three specific indicators are the "Creator" in the context of the size of the "Credible evidence" and "Comprehensibility" and "Findability" in the dimension of "Exploitability". The measurements were conducted to identify weaknesses and improve several variables related to the creator, the conservation office or the state and the nature of the support. Targeting the improvement of a product or service is, as demonstrated in the literature review, the ultimate goal of a study on the dimensions of quality. Our research promises three significant benefits. In theory, it develops a conceptual framework that offers the definition of the dimensions of the concept of historical archival quality derived from the appraisal process. At the methodological level, it offers a method for measuring the quality of historical archives already tested in the context of a government agency. At the professional level, firstly, it allows the assessment of the results of the exercise of archival appraisal; furthermore, it provides professionals with not only a measurement grid for measuring historical archival qualities already tested, but also the guide that facilitates its application.