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Orientador: Jozué Vieira Filho / Coorientador: Fabricio Guimarães Baptista / Banca: Suely Cunha Amaro Mantovani / Banca: Fabiano Fruett / Resumo: O monitoramento de integridade estrutural (SHM) baseado na técnica da impedância eletromecânica (EMI) tem sido desenvolvido como uma ferramenta promissora para identificação de falhas estruturais. As aplicações típicas de SHM baseadas em EMI geralmente utilizam um analisador de impedância comercial de alto custo ou sistemas de medição baseados na função de resposta em frequência (FRF). Além do custo elevado, as exigências de capacidade de armazenamento e/ou processamento de dados desses instrumentos são características proibitivas para muitas aplicações. Trabalhos recentes mostram que não é preciso conhecer o valor exato da impedância eletromecânica da estrutura para monitorar sua integridade. Assim, neste trabalho é apresentado um sistema de SHM que permite detectar falhas em estruturas monitorando apenas as variações da tensão elétrica do transdutor. O sistema proposto é portátil, autônomo, rápido, versátil, de baixo custo e substitui com eficiência os instrumentos comerciais na fase de detecção de falhas. A identificação do dano é feita comparando-se as variações da tensão rms da resposta no tempo que um transdutor piezelétrico de PZT, colado na estrutura, fornece para cada frequência do sinal de excitação. Portanto, o sistema proposto não é limitado pela frequência de amostragem, dispensa algoritmos da transformada de Fourier e não exige um computador para processamento, operando de forma autônoma. Um protótipo de baixo custo usando circuitos integrados, um sintetizador digital e um microcontrolador foi construído e testado através de experimentos em estruturas de alumínio para a faixa de frequências a partir de 3 kHz até 50 kHz com boa precisão e estabilidade / Abstract: Structural health monitoring (SHM) based on electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique has been developed as a promising tool for identifying structural damage. Typical applications in SHM based on EMI generally use high-cost commercial impedance analyzers or measurement systems based on frequency response function (FRF). Besides the high cost, the requirements for storage and/or data processing of these instruments are prohibitive features for many applications. Recent studies show that the exact value of the electromechanical impedance is not required for damage detection. Thus, this work presents a SHM system that can detect damage in structures only monitoring the changes in the voltage of the transducer. The proposed system is portable, autonomous, fast, versatile, low-cost and replaces efficiently commercial instruments in the damage detection stage. The identification of damage is done by comparing the variations in the rms voltage of time response signals from a piezoelectric transducer, such as PZT, bonded to the structure. Different time response signals are obtained for each frequency of the excitation signal. Therefore, the proposed system is not limited by the sampling frequency, dispenses Fourier transform algorithms and does not require a computer for processing, operating autonomously. A low-cost prototype using integrated circuits, a microcontroller and a digital synthesizer was built and tested through experiments with aluminum structures for frequencies ranging from 3 kHz to 50 kHz with good accuracy and stability / Mestre

Desde a época do Brasil colônia até aproximadamente 1930, os farmacêuticos atuavam basicamente em farmácias conhecidas como Boticas. Esses estabelecimentos preparavam, armazenavam, vendiam e até forneciam prescrições de medicamentos e nessa época, o farmacêutico era reconhecido pela sociedade como o profissional do medicamento. Após a segunda guerra mundial com o advento da indústria farmacêutica, o medicamento artesanal foi substituído pelo industrializado e o farmacêutico perdeu gradativamente a sua função principal na saúde: a produção do medicamento. Nesse cenário, uma pequena parte da mão de obra farmacêutica foi inserida na indústria farmacêutica, porém, a grande parte desses profissionais foi inserida na farmácia e precisou disputar a venda de medicamentos com profissionais sem formação acadêmica que trabalhavam nesses estabelecimentos. A dispensação de medicamentos é considerada uma atividade privativa a profissionais farmacêuticos, porém no Brasil essa atividade é realizada em grande parte por leigos e de maneira inapropriada. O presente estudo visa mensurar a importância da educação formal, aliado à prática, para a dispensação do medicamento por meio da aplicação de instrumento de estudo que mensura o conhecimento sobre dispensação do medicamento nos profissionais envolvidos nessa prática (farmacêutico, técnico em farmácia e balconista/prático e estudante egresso do curso de técnico em farmácia). O estudo foi dividido em duas fases; a fase A possui delineamento metodológico e caracteriza-se pela elaboração e validação de um instrumento para mensurar o conhecimento sobre dispensação; enquanto a fase B possui delineamento transversal e foi aplicado tal instrumento nos profissionais oriundos de 105 farmácias da região de Orlândia/SP e Batatais/SP bem como nos estudantes egressos dos cursos de técnico em farmácia oferecidos nessas regiões. Foi elaborado um questionário denominado CDM-51 e dividido em duas partes: a primeira coleta as características sociodemográficas dos participantes e a segunda possui 51 questões para avaliar o construto conhecimento sobre dispensação. A validade de face e conteúdo foi realizada por meio da avaliação por sete especialistas quanto à pertinência e a clareza dos itens. Conduziu-se um pré-teste e um estudo principal da validação com respectivamente, 30 e 79 profissionais de farmácias do munícipio de Ribeirão Preto/SP e as dúvidas que os respondentes apresentaram foram corrigidas; na análise da consistência interna o KR 20 foi de 0,837, na validade de construto encontraram-se evidências (valor p=0,001) de que participantes com educação formal têm maior conhecimento sobre dispensação do medicamento. Na fase B participaram do estudo 75 farmacêuticos, 49 balconistas, 22 técnicos em farmácia e 131 estudantes egressos do curso de técnico em farmácia; a maioria são mulheres (71,12%), com idade média de 29,16 anos. Os farmacêuticos obtiveram maior conhecimento sobre dispensação do medicamento (valor p=0,001) em comparação aos demais profissionais participantes. O técnico em farmácia possui conhecimento importante sobre dispensação do medicamento em comparação aos balconistas ou \"práticos\". Este trabalho contribui para o aumento da qualidade dos serviços de dispensação prestados pelas farmácias comunitárias, pois salienta a importância da capacitação por educação formal para a realização desse serviço, proporcionando dessa maneira, o uso racional dos medicamentos / Since the time of colonial Brazil until about 1930, pharmacists worked in pharmacies basically known as Boticas. These establishments prepared, stored, sold and provided to prescriptions drugs and this time, the pharmacist was recognized by society as professional medicine. After Second World War with the advent of the pharmaceutical industry, the craft product has been replaced by industrial and pharmaceutical gradually lost its primary role in health: the production of the drug. In this scenario, a small part of pharmaceutical manpower was inserted in the pharmaceutical industry, however, many of these professionals were inserted in the pharmacy and had to compete in the sale of drugs with professional without formal education working in these establishments. The dispensation of medicines is considered a private activity for pharmaceutical professionals, but in Brazil this activity is performed largely by lay people and in an inappropriate way. This study aims to measure the importance of formal education, coupled with the practice of dispensing the drug through the application of study instrument that measures the knowledge of dispensing of the drug in the professionals involved in this practice (pharmacist, pharmacy technician in pharmacy and clerk / practical and egress student technical course in pharmacy). The study was divided in two phases; phase A has methodological design and is characterized by the development and validation of an instrument to measure the knowledge of dispensation; while phase B and has cross-sectional design such an instrument is applied in 105 professionals from pharmacies in the region of Orlândia/SP and Batatais/SP and as well as in the graduating students in pharmacy technician courses offered in these regions. A questionnaire denominated CDM-51 was elaborated and divided in two parts: the first collects the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and the second has 51 questions to assess the construct knowledge about dispensation. The validity of face and content was realized through the evaluation by seven experts regarding the relevance and clarity of the items. It carried out a pretest and the main validation study with respectively 30 and 79 pharmacy professional from the city of Ribeirão Preto/SP and questions presented to respondents were corrected. The analysis of the internal consistency of the KR 20 was 0.837, the construct validity evidence was found (p valor: 0.001) that participants with formal education have greater knowledge of dispensing the drug. In phase B participated in the study 75 pharmacists, 49 clerks, 22 pharmacy technicians and 131 students graduating from a technical course in pharmacy; the majority are women (71.12%), with a mean age of 29.16 years. Pharmacists had greater knowledge about drug dispensing (p valor: 0.001) compared to other participating professional. The pharmacy technician has important knowledge about dispensing the drug in comparison to the clerks or \"practitioners\". This work contributes to increasing the quality of services provided by dispensing pharmacies as points out the importance of training for formal education to perform this service, providing this way, the rational use of medicines.

Traditionally, the racial views of whites towards blacks have been studied in the context of old-fashioned styles of racism. This meant that, methodologically, attitude items were often direct and crude in content, reflecting the openly racist sentiment of the time. Recent research, however, provides evidence to suggest that racism has changed and people no longer endorse or support blatantly racist expression. As a result, racial attitude research methods have had to adapt from obtrusive, to more sophisticated, unobtrusive methods. Over 10 years since its first democratic election, South Africa stands as a particularly important context in which to explore the racial views of people and more specifically, the theories of contemporary racisms; yet, research in this area remains largely unexplored. From a methodological perspective, South African research has also been flawed with 2 fundamental problems. First, few locally developed racial attitude measures exist, compelling the use of modified international measures. These scales, however, may prove problematic in that they may not demonstrate adequate content and face validity for the South African context. Second, this research reflects a sample bias of studying the views of white students. In response to these methodological flaws, the present research set out to develop a contemporary, multi-racial response measure of racial attitudes for the South African context. The Racial Justice Scale (RJS) was developed in accordance with the stylistic requirements of contemporary theories of racism on the basis of 2 sources of information; (1) a database of racial attitude items; and (2) a database of over 7000 discursive statements expressed by multiple race groups in the country on racial issues in South Africa. These expressions were derived from various newspaper articles, ranging from the years 1977 - 2001. Initial explorations of the RJS indicated it to be highly reliable for both whites and Indians (cronbach alpha's were 0.82 and 0.72 respectively), however, not as effective for blacks and coloureds. The RJS and the notion of contemporary racism is discussed in the context of contemporary South Africa. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

Literature generally acknowledges that ministers have a demanding job with unique requirements and unclear boundaries between their personal and professional lives. Since 1980, studies have been describing an alarming spread of burnout in the ministry, with three out of four ministers reporting severe stress, causing anguish, worry, bewilderment, anger, depression, fear and alienation. South African literature indicates ministry as a high-risk occupation with regard to burnout. As providers of help, ministers are exposed to demanding work situations, with unique job and client-related stressors that show high correlation with burnout. Burnout, according to Levert (et al, 2000) is a syndrome consisting of three dimensions: these are Exhaustion, Cynicism and lack of Professional Efficacy. Exhaustion refers to the depletion and draining of emotional resources and feelings of being overextended. Cynicism reflects a negative, cynical and callous attitude towards recipients of service, andlor extreme detached responses to aspects pertaining to the job. A lack of professional efficacy refers to the tendency to evaluate aspects negatively with regard to personal accomplishments and competence at work. Burnout in the human service industry is a growing phenomenon. The objectives of this study were to determine the reliability and validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) in the context of ministry, The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), and the Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced questionnaire (COPE), and to develop a measuring instrument to describe occupational stress of Pentecostal pastors in the North West Region of South Africa. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Availability samples (n = 100) were taken of qualified and ordained Pentecostal Pastors in the ministry. The Ministry Demands Survey was developed as measuring instrument, indicating internal demands/emotional input and relationship demands/demands with regard to calling, as reliable factors. Coping was described as being either Problem or Emotion-focused. Health of Pentecostal pastors was predicted by Internal Demands/Emotional Input, Exhaustion and Problem and Emotion-focused Coping. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Literature generally acknowledges that ministers have a demanding job with unique requirements and unclear boundaries between their personal and professional lives. Since 1980, studies have been describing an alarming spread of burnout in the ministry, with three out of four ministers reporting severe stress, causing anguish, worry, bewilderment, anger, depression, fear and alienation. South African literature indicates ministry as a high-risk occupation with regard to burnout. As providers of help, ministers are exposed to demanding work situations, with unique job and client-related stressors that show high correlation with burnout. Burnout, according to Levert (et al, 2000) is a syndrome consisting of three dimensions: these are Exhaustion, Cynicism and lack of Professional Efficacy. Exhaustion refers to the depletion and draining of emotional resources and feelings of being overextended. Cynicism reflects a negative, cynical and callous attitude towards recipients of service, andlor extreme detached responses to aspects pertaining to the job. A lack of professional efficacy refers to the tendency to evaluate aspects negatively with regard to personal accomplishments and competence at work. Burnout in the human service industry is a growing phenomenon. The objectives of this study were to determine the reliability and validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) in the context of ministry, The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), and the Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced questionnaire (COPE), and to develop a measuring instrument to describe occupational stress of Pentecostal pastors in the North West Region of South Africa. A cross-sectional survey design was used. Availability samples (n = 100) were taken of qualified and ordained Pentecostal Pastors in the ministry. The Ministry Demands Survey was developed as measuring instrument, indicating internal demands/emotional input and relationship demands/demands with regard to calling, as reliable factors. Coping was described as being either Problem or Emotion-focused. Health of Pentecostal pastors was predicted by Internal Demands/Emotional Input, Exhaustion and Problem and Emotion-focused Coping. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

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Thesis (M.S. in Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010. / Thesis Advisor(s): Rodeback, G. W. "January 1962." Description based on title screen as viewed on June 2, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Research Reactors, Hafnium, Half Life, Pneumatic Equipment, Measuring Instruments, Reactor Cores, Shielding, Detection, Gamma Emission, Computer Programming, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactive Decay, Mixtures, Scintillation Counters, Isotopes, Least Squares Method. DTIC Identifier(s): AGN-201 Reactors, Fortran. Includes bibliographical references (p. 25). Also available in print.

CAPES / Este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver e aplicar um modelo de avaliação do nível de confiança entre empresas que atuam em redes horizontais de empresas. Para isto, foi desenvolvido um processo de Revisão Sistemática de Literatura (RBS), utilizando a metodologia Methodi Ordinatio. Como resultado obteve-se um portfólio de 78 artigos qualificados, sendo esses os utilizados como base para o desenvolvimento do modelo. A partir do portfólio identificou-se três perspectivas para análise da confiança: Barreiras, Externalidades e Fatores de construção de confiança, que se desdobraram em 8 dimensões, 17 fatores e 54 variáveis. Para a ponderação dos fatores, foi utilizado o método multicritério de apoio a decisão Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Dessa forma foi possível desenvolver um Modelo de Avaliação de confiança baseado em Percepções e Expectativas (MAPE), constituído por dois instrumentos: avaliação das percepções e identificação das expectativas dos empresários em relação ao fator confiança entre os componentes de uma rede horizontal de empresas. O modelo foi posteriormente aplicado em uma rede de empresa do setor de tecnologia da informação na cidade de Ponta Grossa-PR. Após isso foi aplicado o teste Alfa de Cronbach para verificação da consistência interna do instrumento, o qual foi considerado como aceitável. O modelo mostrou-se de fácil aplicação, e permitiu elaborar um cenário de acordo com as percepções e as expectativas em nível individual e para a rede de empresa. Foi possível concluir para a rede de empresas estudada que existe confiança entre os parceiros no entanto para que as percepções superem as expectativas é necessário que sejam desenvolvidas ações que encorajem os parceiros a cooperar para que essa rede tenha maior sucesso e que os laços de confiança possam ser maiores. / This study aims to propose and to apply a model to measure trust among companies belonging to a horizontal cooperation network. For this, a Systematic Literature Review (RBS) process was developed, using Methodi Ordinatio, forming a portfolio of qualified 78 papers, base for the model development. From this portfolio, three prospects for analysis of trust emerged: Barriers, Externalities and trust-building factors, which unfolded in 8 dimensions, 17 factors and 54 variables. Weighting was done to dimensions. To this, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) multicriteria decision method was used. Two instruments of research were created in order to assess the perceptions and expectations of companies in relation to the trust factor between the components of a horizontal network of companies. The model was applied in a horizontal collaborative network in TI sector. After this Cronbach's alpha test was used for checking the instrument's internal consistency. The model showed to be easy to apply with the application of the model, it was realized that it is easy to apply, and it allowed to devise a scenario in accordance with the perception, that is, the practices observed by entrepreneurs, and expectations also assessing barriers externalities and factors. It was possible to perceive, for the network studied, that there is trust between partners, however to perceptions exceed expectations, it is necessary to develop actions to encourage partners to cooperate in this network has a successful and the bonds of trust may be higher.