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Instant Messaging är en digital kommunikationskanal i ett användarvänligt format för kommunikation i nära realtid. Som en växande trend på arbetsplatsen väljer allt fler företag att integrera kommunikationskanalen i sina kommunikationslösningar. Samtidigt följer användningen av Instant Messaging med en omedveten andrahands-effekt, något som lämnat synliga avtryck på företagens kommunikationsmönster. Kommunikationsteoretikerna Turner och Reinsch (2007) förklarar förekommandet genom att introducera termen multikommunikation, hur anställda identifieras gå från att ha sekventiella till simultana interaktioner. En användning som formats efter Instant Messagings avsaknad av icke-verbala indikationer i att kräva mindre koordinering och möjliggöra för anställda att fördela sin uppmärksamhet över flera interaktioner. Turner och Reinsch (2007) föreslår därför att multikommunikation är att föredra när företag värderar inre effektivitet eftersom anställda som deltar i simultana interaktioner kan överprestera övriga. Andra insatta teoretiker har istället identifierat hur avsaknaden av icke-verbala indikationer ger kommunikationssvårigheter i form av funktionsbegränsningar och intensiva kommunikationsflöden. Något som ger implikationer för anställdas arbetsproduktivitet i att Instant Messaging kan vara avbrytande, försvåra en samordnad turtagning och göra det ansträngande att förmedla känslor. Uppsatsen syftar därför till att undersöka hur anställda hanterar den multikommunikation och de kommunikativa svårigheter som uppstår i samband med användandet av Instant Messaging. Genom deltagande observationer och semi-strukturerade intervjuer, på en avdelning inom ett multinationellt industriföretag, utförs en fallstudie. Resultat visar att sättet anställda hanterar Instant Messaging är starkt bundet till den kontext kommunikationskanalen nyttjas i. I en sammansättning av erfarenheter och sociala regler identifieras överenskomna strategier vilka balanserar och kontrollerar kommunikationsflödet, samt får funktionsbegränsningar att ge en minskad negativ effekt. Genom att prioritera kommunicerat innehåll efter tidskänslighet minskar antalet interaktioner, får kollegor att inte avbrytas i onödan och underlättar till en korrekt fördelning av uppmärksamhet. Samtidigt skickas främst skärmbilder tagna i affärssystemet SAP vilka inrymmer information i ett formaliserat gränssnitt. Något som gör kommunikationsflödet mindre intensivt i att kunna ersätta otroligt många meddelanden. Det underlättar till en samordnad turtagning, snabbare responstid och mindre ansträngning i att anställda inte skriftligt formulerar information med tillhörande känslor. / Instant Messaging is a digital communication channel with a user-friendly design for near realtime communication. As a growing trend in the workplace, more and more companies decide to integrate the communication channel into their communication solutions. The use of Instant Messaging follows with a secondary effect revealed in visible marks on corporate communication patterns. Communication theorists Turner and Reinsch (2007) explains the occurrence by introducing the term Multicommunication, how employees are going from having sequential to simultaneous interactions. A use shaped by Instant Messaging's lack of non-verbal indications in allowing for less coordination and an allocation of attention across multiple interactions. Turner and Reinsch (2007) therefore propose that multicommunication is preferable to companies seeking efficiency seeing that employees participating in simultaneous interactions outperform others. Other relevant theorists have identified how the lack of non-verbal indications provide communication difficulties sprung from functional limitations and intensive communication flows. This is creating implications for work productivity as Instant Messaging interrupt ongoing tasks, disrupt the turn-taking and complicates the conveyance of emotions. This thesis therefore aim to study how employees manage multicommunication and the communication difficulties that emerge in use of Instant Messaging.  A case study is conducted, by participant observations and semi-structured interviews, at a department of a multinational industrial company. The results show that the way employees manage multicommunication and communication difficulties is strongly bound to the context of use. In a mix of experiences and social rules a set of agreed strategies is used to help balance and control the communication flow and also reduce negative effects of functional limitations. To primarily communicate time-sensitive content the number of active interactions is reduced, unnecessary interruptions is avoided and a proper allocation of attention is facilitated. Mostly send messages also consists of print screens captured in the ERP-system which holds information in a formalized interface. The use of print screens is appreciated in favor of making the communication flow less intense by replacing an incredible number of messages. This usage facilitate the coordination of turn-taking, the possibility of instant feedback and the creation of content in not having to phrase in writing to convey emotions.

Non-profit organizations’ communicational challenges in a glocal market – A pre-study to a communication plan for the non-profit organization Humlan. This study intends to examine and analyze the current strategic position of the non-profit organization Humlan, and how the organization can develop their communicational efforts to make themselves more competitive in the glocalized market in which they compete. This has been examined by qualitative interviews with the employees of the Humlan, and a quantitative survey of Humlans potential target group, students.  The results of the interviews showed that the employees of Humlan experienced the competition in the market as fierce, and that they experienced a need to communicate their uniqueness as a non-profit organization. The employees also expressed a wish for the Humlan brand to become associated with quality. In turn, the student survey showed that the students had a low knowledge-level regarding Humlan, that they were interested in a wide array of cultural expressions, and that they mainly wanted to communicate with Humlan by taking part of information such as news. In summary, the study showed that Humlan could develop their communicational efforts by creating awareness about the organization and its uniqueness among students. However, the study showed that this could be problematic due to the students’ communicational preferences. The results also showed that it is possible to see a resemblance between the communicative issues faced by Humlan and communicative issues faced by other types of non-profit organizations.

The study examines how social media can be used in a business-to-business context. To understand the communication conditions, factors has been identified that affects the choice of communication channels for different types of information transferred between parts. Furthermore, the study investigates the underlying reasons for why certain communication channels are chosen before others, in different situations. The study results are based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with employees in a small engineering consulting company. The investigation has focused on employee communication and choice of communication tools primarily in relation to the business relationship. The study answers the following questions: What factors may contribute to the selection of different communication tools in business-to-business? What are the conditions and reasons for employees to use social media in business-to-business? What opportunities can social media pose for managing knowledge exchange with customers in business-to-business? The theoretical framework is based on Media Richness Theory and Social Influence Theory. The results show that factors that affect use of social media between businesses are 1) social environmental influences on attitudes towards social media (positive or negative), 2) individual analogue and digital values, 3) social media are primarily used in a private context 4) individual's role and level within the company. It is proposed that companies require strategies and increased knowledge to operate efficiently with social media in business to business. The results also shows that factors affecting the choice of communications channels between employees and business relationship are: 1) context-dependent, 2) the availability and accessibility, 3) the role and level in the company, 4) customer relationship development, 5) the information degree of ambiguity, 6) communication channel degree of "richness", 7) urgency, 8) confirmation of agreement. / Program: Magisterutbildning i strategisk information och kommunikation

<p>Purpose of the essay: The purpose of the essay is to, from the view of the nurses working at the x-ray infirmary; see how the internal e-mail communication is working as the main digital communication method at the x-ray infirmary.</p><p>Material/Method: The material has been collected using qualitative interviews with eight nurses working at the x-ray infirmary. The material has then been analyzed through a theoretical perspective based on The Media Richness theory.</p><p>Main results: The results of the investigation have shown that the nurses see the internal e-mail communication as relatively poor. The information that is sent out by their superiors is often too extensive, this making the screening work an extra work burden. These e-mails are also supplied to the whole infirmary instead of being addressed to specific individuals. Seen through a media richness perspective, the e-mail is a mediumrich communication medium that well could be used in the everyday communication at the infirmary as the main communication agent. The problem is how the superiors design the information that they send out. The mid-rich medium that is e-mail gives the infirmary an information uncertainty that is not dealt with.</p>

Purpose of the essay: The purpose of the essay is to, from the view of the nurses working at the x-ray infirmary; see how the internal e-mail communication is working as the main digital communication method at the x-ray infirmary. Material/Method: The material has been collected using qualitative interviews with eight nurses working at the x-ray infirmary. The material has then been analyzed through a theoretical perspective based on The Media Richness theory. Main results: The results of the investigation have shown that the nurses see the internal e-mail communication as relatively poor. The information that is sent out by their superiors is often too extensive, this making the screening work an extra work burden. These e-mails are also supplied to the whole infirmary instead of being addressed to specific individuals. Seen through a media richness perspective, the e-mail is a mediumrich communication medium that well could be used in the everyday communication at the infirmary as the main communication agent. The problem is how the superiors design the information that they send out. The mid-rich medium that is e-mail gives the infirmary an information uncertainty that is not dealt with.

Mobile Guide System has usually applied to enclosed spaces such as museums or exposition halls, but the prosperity of internet has made mobile application a trend. Then how it could be possible to make good use of mobile guide system in order to strengthen the dispersion of culture values, vibrate industrial economy and extend the life span of local culture industries so that culture and technology can develop mutual effects. The first stage of this research adopts discovery research to explain the concep-tual framework of local culture industries and mobile guide system and also uses Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) for research while the extended local culture value and consuming information values act as external factors to mobile guide sys-tem¡¦s Media Richness Theory(MRT). The second stage uses positive and qualitative research method to analyze the affecting factors to behavior intention of tourists from Anping Harbor National Historical Park about the mobile guide system applying to local culture industries. The total research tests are 250 copies and the effective tests are 226 copies. The research discovers that tourists have evolved from traditionally receiving information after arriving at the destination to collecting travling information beforehand. In the future, tourists would immediately receive information during traveling. This research considers that the development of local culture industries should acquire local culture values and local consuming values, which would strengthen the behavior intention of using mobile guide system. This discovery points out that mobile guide system can enhance the traveling happiness of tourists and lower searching cost. The information from tourist centers would be considered as one kind of hygiene factors and the messages passed from mobile guide system could be actively received by tourists to form different motivation in travel marketing and satisfaction.

The purpose of this research is to study the acceptance of road-users on the real-time integrated digital traffic information system, with the use of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Media Richness Theory (MRT) as foundations. Further understanding on the properties and demands of populations in the use of real-time integrated digital traffic information system are done through the application of ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Regression Analysis. Moreover, with the integration of real time police road condition broadcasting and mobile communication technology, an ideal real-time integrated digital traffic information system is built¡Xthe Mobile Messenger, and a mobile communication technology is developed as main point of service infrastructure. Transforming static broadcasting service into mobile information service, road-users are provided with a high-speed, safe and quality driving environment.

An experiment is conducted among male adolescents to assess the impact of data collection methodology toward response quality factors, including completeness of answers, response distortion, response time, and item omissions. Data collection methodologies include in-person interviews, self-administered questionnaires, and use of an electronic form. Results suggest that personal interviews are generally the most effective method for collecting quality data from adolescent males. The impact of warning labels toward product evaluations was also tested using psychological reactance (Brehm 1966) to underpin hypotheses. Results indicate that adolescents rate their preference for entertainment products with restrictive labels higher than products with non-restrictive labels. Implications for public policy makers and both academic and managerial researchers are presented.

Agile methods have become a popular project managing method within software development (Cervone, 2011, ss. 19-20; Maximini, 2015, s. 3). Though there is an absence of studies on agile methods and motivation in employees (Dybå &amp; Dingsøyr, 2008). Furthermore, the agile manifesto (2001) explains the importance of motivated employees for the development of software.   The purpose of this study is to examine how employees in two well-known Swedish companies perceive the use and the effects of agile methods in their organization, and their internal communication. The study followed a qualitative approach to measure data collected from semi-structured interviews and includes interviews with eight developers and two agile coaches in two organizations. The theoretical framework is based on Media Richness Theory and Self-determination Theory. The selected theories help the examination why a communication channel is chosen for disseminating information and motivational factors through asking questions about their sense of autonomy, relatedness and competence.   The results show that face-to-face conversation is the efficient communication channel to disseminate information, but the most utilized channel was chat and mail to the respondents. Additionally, our respondents experience motivational factors such as the feeling of competence and relatedness as being moderately fulfilled at their workplace, though feelings of autonomy on an individual level were not fulfilled. This indicates that a complete introduction to the work method, a variation between independent and group work and face-to-face communication should be encouraged to achieve internal communication.