Introdução: A formação médica tem sido muito discutida recentemente em virtude do crescimento do número de instituições e da crescente percepção de necessidade de um controle social para a qualidade do egresso. A exemplo da avaliação desencadeada por crise similar de crescimento desordenado das faculdades de medicina na década de 70, é oportuna a avaliação abrangente do perfil dos egressos dessas instituições. A medicina vem sofrendo diversas transformações impostas pelas modificações sociais da globalização, o que sem dúvida apresentou impacto sobre o perfil dos alunos egressos. Objetivos: 1. Avaliar o perfil do profissional médico egresso da FMRP-USP de acordo com a década de formação; 2. Avaliar a distribuição geo-espacial dos egressos da FMRP-USP; 3. Avaliar o envolvimento com o currículo informal e o currículo oculto ao longo das décadas de formação; 4. Avaliar o envolvimento com educação continuada dos egressos da FMRP-USP; 5. Avaliar a aderência à profissão e o envolvimento com outros tipos de atuação profissional ao longo das décadas de formação; 6. Avaliar aspectos relacionados à remuneração dos egressos; 7. Constituir um banco de dados atualizado dos egressos da FMRP-USP que favoreça contatos futuros e projetos para o resgate da história da instituição. Metodologia: Foram realizadas entrevistas sistematizadas através de instrumento dedicado desenvolvido para o presente trabalho e testado em estudo piloto. A identificação dos egressos envolveu diversas estratégias, incluindo a rede mundial de computadores, comissões de formatura para encontro de turmas, bancos de endereços disponíveis, anúncio em páginas da rede mundial de computadores da FMRP-USP e de seu hospital universitário e dados do CREMESP e CFM. O projeto foi aprovado no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do HC-FMRP-USP. Resultados: Foram incluídos 1064 egressos (24.9% do total) distribuídos, estratificados em 5 grupos de acordo com a década de formação. Esse trabalho documentou o perfil dos egressos da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRPUSP) de modo pioneiro, sendo extremamente representativo ao se considerar o número de egressos incluídos de acordo com parâmetros com que tais estudos de levantamento (\"survey\") são analisados. Demonstrou a distribuição geográfica dos alunos, que embora mais concentrados no Estado de São Paulo, possuem distribuição nacional, tanto no que se refere aos profissionais médicos, quanto aos profissionais com pós-graduação stricto sensu que se inserem nas mais conceituadas universidades do país, estes últimos com 50% do inserção fora do Estado de São Paulo Ao longo do tempo, o perfil dos egressos demonstrou modificações significativas do ponto de vista demográfico (maior representação do gênero feminino - de 6,5% nas turmas mais antigas para 36% nas mais novas), do envolvimento com atividades extracurriculares em atividades mais relacionadas à prática clínica em detrimento de atividades mais sociais (pouco mais de 40% nas turmas mais antigas versus mais de 70% nas mais novas ) e da busca por especialidades médicas que representem maior poder aquisitivo e qualidade de vida, por exemplo oftalmologia/otorrinolaringologia (15,2% nas turmas mais jovens versus 6,6% nas mais antigas). A busca por educação continuada teve alta porcentagem entre os egressos, com até 42,2% de pós-graduação stricto sensu e 98,5% de especialistas entre os egressos com 20 a 29 anos de formado. A inserção profissional foi caracterizada por atividade médica continuada, tanto em ambiente privado como público (SUS), com uma percentagem relativamente significativa ainda realizando plantões para complementação de renda, principalmente nos mais jovens (54,5% versus 14,0 nos mais antigos). Finalmente, detecta-se o desejo de se reaproximar da instituição formadora, mantendo contato de diversas formas, como o desejo de receber malas diretas da FMRPUSP mais de 80 % do total dos egressos, chegando a 96,6% nos mais jovens, mas que ainda requer uma liderança mais efetiva. Conclusões: A amostra de 1064 egressos constituída demonstrou que há grande valorização pela busca contínua de atualização profissional, representada tanto pela busca de programas de residência, pós-graduação e títulos de especialista. Apesar de ser um fator influente, o tempo de formado não prejudicou esse interesse. A influência do perfil docente pode ser refletida na proporção razoável de profissionais que buscam a docência como forma de inserção inicial ou quando se desvinculam da atividade médica. / Introduction: Medical education has been much discussed recently due to the growing number of institutions and the growing realization of the need for a social control to the quality of graduates. Like the assessment triggered by similar crisis of uncontrolled growth of medical schools in the 70s, is timely comprehensive the evaluation of the profile of the graduates of these institutions. The medicine has undergone several transformations imposed by the social changes of globalization, which undoubtedly had an impact on the profile of students graduating. Objectives: 1. Assess the profile of the professional of medicine graduate in the FMRP-USP according to the decade of formed; 2. Assess the geo-spatial distribution of graduates of the FMRP-USP; 3. Assess engagement with the informal curriculum and with the hidden curriculum throughout the decades of formed; 4. Assess involvement of graduates of the FMRP-USP in continuing education; 5. Assess adherence to the medical profession and involvement in other types of professional performance throughout the decades of formed; 6. Assess aspects related to the remuneration of graduates; 7. Establish a updated database of the FMRP-USP graduates that encourages future contacts and projects to rescue the history of the institution. Methodology: Interviews were systematically conducted through a dedicated questionary tool developed for this study and tested in a pilot study. The identification of the graduates involved several strategies, including the World Wide Web, graduation commissions for meeting groups, databases of addresses, ad pages of the World Wide Web of the FMRP-USP and its university hospital and CREMESP data and CFM. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the HC-FMRP-USP. Results: Were included 1064 graduates (24.9% of total) distributed in 5 groups according to the decade of formed. This work documented the profile of graduates of Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP) in a pioneering way, being extremely representative when considering the number of graduates included according to parameters such survey studies (\"survey\") are analyzed. It demonstrated the geographic distribution of students, who although more concentrated in São Paulo, have national distribution, both with regard to medical professionals, as professionals with stricto sensu pos-graduate working into the most prestigious universities in the country. Over time, the profile of graduates showed significant changes from the demographic point of view (greater representation of females), involvement with extra-curricular activities with more activities related to clinical practice at the expense of more social activities and the search for medical specialties representing higher income and quality of life. Some values of the FMRP-USP have proved perennial over time, as the fact of being imbued in the formation of their students the continued search for specialization in various levels. The professional insertion was characterized by continuing medical activity, both in private and public (SUS), with a relatively significant percentage still performing shifts for supplementary revenue. Finally, it detects the desire to reconnect to the educational institution, maintaining contact in many ways, but still requires more effective leadership. Conclusions: The sample composed of 1064 graduates showed that there is great appreciation for the continuous pursuit of professional development, represented both by seeking residency programs, postgraduate and specialist titles. Despite being an influential factor, the time since graduation did not harm that interest. The influence of the teacher profile can be reflected in reasonable proportion of professionals seeking teaching as initial insertion or at the end of your medical activity.

Introdução: A formação médica tem sido muito discutida recentemente em virtude do crescimento do número de instituições e da crescente percepção de necessidade de um controle social para a qualidade do egresso. A exemplo da avaliação desencadeada por crise similar de crescimento desordenado das faculdades de medicina na década de 70, é oportuna a avaliação abrangente do perfil dos egressos dessas instituições. A medicina vem sofrendo diversas transformações impostas pelas modificações sociais da globalização, o que sem dúvida apresentou impacto sobre o perfil dos alunos egressos. Objetivos: 1. Avaliar o perfil do profissional médico egresso da FMRP-USP de acordo com a década de formação; 2. Avaliar a distribuição geo-espacial dos egressos da FMRP-USP; 3. Avaliar o envolvimento com o currículo informal e o currículo oculto ao longo das décadas de formação; 4. Avaliar o envolvimento com educação continuada dos egressos da FMRP-USP; 5. Avaliar a aderência à profissão e o envolvimento com outros tipos de atuação profissional ao longo das décadas de formação; 6. Avaliar aspectos relacionados à remuneração dos egressos; 7. Constituir um banco de dados atualizado dos egressos da FMRP-USP que favoreça contatos futuros e projetos para o resgate da história da instituição. Metodologia: Foram realizadas entrevistas sistematizadas através de instrumento dedicado desenvolvido para o presente trabalho e testado em estudo piloto. A identificação dos egressos envolveu diversas estratégias, incluindo a rede mundial de computadores, comissões de formatura para encontro de turmas, bancos de endereços disponíveis, anúncio em páginas da rede mundial de computadores da FMRP-USP e de seu hospital universitário e dados do CREMESP e CFM. O projeto foi aprovado no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do HC-FMRP-USP. Resultados: Foram incluídos 1064 egressos (24.9% do total) distribuídos, estratificados em 5 grupos de acordo com a década de formação. Esse trabalho documentou o perfil dos egressos da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRPUSP) de modo pioneiro, sendo extremamente representativo ao se considerar o número de egressos incluídos de acordo com parâmetros com que tais estudos de levantamento (\"survey\") são analisados. Demonstrou a distribuição geográfica dos alunos, que embora mais concentrados no Estado de São Paulo, possuem distribuição nacional, tanto no que se refere aos profissionais médicos, quanto aos profissionais com pós-graduação stricto sensu que se inserem nas mais conceituadas universidades do país, estes últimos com 50% do inserção fora do Estado de São Paulo Ao longo do tempo, o perfil dos egressos demonstrou modificações significativas do ponto de vista demográfico (maior representação do gênero feminino - de 6,5% nas turmas mais antigas para 36% nas mais novas), do envolvimento com atividades extracurriculares em atividades mais relacionadas à prática clínica em detrimento de atividades mais sociais (pouco mais de 40% nas turmas mais antigas versus mais de 70% nas mais novas ) e da busca por especialidades médicas que representem maior poder aquisitivo e qualidade de vida, por exemplo oftalmologia/otorrinolaringologia (15,2% nas turmas mais jovens versus 6,6% nas mais antigas). A busca por educação continuada teve alta porcentagem entre os egressos, com até 42,2% de pós-graduação stricto sensu e 98,5% de especialistas entre os egressos com 20 a 29 anos de formado. A inserção profissional foi caracterizada por atividade médica continuada, tanto em ambiente privado como público (SUS), com uma percentagem relativamente significativa ainda realizando plantões para complementação de renda, principalmente nos mais jovens (54,5% versus 14,0 nos mais antigos). Finalmente, detecta-se o desejo de se reaproximar da instituição formadora, mantendo contato de diversas formas, como o desejo de receber malas diretas da FMRPUSP mais de 80 % do total dos egressos, chegando a 96,6% nos mais jovens, mas que ainda requer uma liderança mais efetiva. Conclusões: A amostra de 1064 egressos constituída demonstrou que há grande valorização pela busca contínua de atualização profissional, representada tanto pela busca de programas de residência, pós-graduação e títulos de especialista. Apesar de ser um fator influente, o tempo de formado não prejudicou esse interesse. A influência do perfil docente pode ser refletida na proporção razoável de profissionais que buscam a docência como forma de inserção inicial ou quando se desvinculam da atividade médica. / Introduction: Medical education has been much discussed recently due to the growing number of institutions and the growing realization of the need for a social control to the quality of graduates. Like the assessment triggered by similar crisis of uncontrolled growth of medical schools in the 70s, is timely comprehensive the evaluation of the profile of the graduates of these institutions. The medicine has undergone several transformations imposed by the social changes of globalization, which undoubtedly had an impact on the profile of students graduating. Objectives: 1. Assess the profile of the professional of medicine graduate in the FMRP-USP according to the decade of formed; 2. Assess the geo-spatial distribution of graduates of the FMRP-USP; 3. Assess engagement with the informal curriculum and with the hidden curriculum throughout the decades of formed; 4. Assess involvement of graduates of the FMRP-USP in continuing education; 5. Assess adherence to the medical profession and involvement in other types of professional performance throughout the decades of formed; 6. Assess aspects related to the remuneration of graduates; 7. Establish a updated database of the FMRP-USP graduates that encourages future contacts and projects to rescue the history of the institution. Methodology: Interviews were systematically conducted through a dedicated questionary tool developed for this study and tested in a pilot study. The identification of the graduates involved several strategies, including the World Wide Web, graduation commissions for meeting groups, databases of addresses, ad pages of the World Wide Web of the FMRP-USP and its university hospital and CREMESP data and CFM. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the HC-FMRP-USP. Results: Were included 1064 graduates (24.9% of total) distributed in 5 groups according to the decade of formed. This work documented the profile of graduates of Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP) in a pioneering way, being extremely representative when considering the number of graduates included according to parameters such survey studies (\"survey\") are analyzed. It demonstrated the geographic distribution of students, who although more concentrated in São Paulo, have national distribution, both with regard to medical professionals, as professionals with stricto sensu pos-graduate working into the most prestigious universities in the country. Over time, the profile of graduates showed significant changes from the demographic point of view (greater representation of females), involvement with extra-curricular activities with more activities related to clinical practice at the expense of more social activities and the search for medical specialties representing higher income and quality of life. Some values of the FMRP-USP have proved perennial over time, as the fact of being imbued in the formation of their students the continued search for specialization in various levels. The professional insertion was characterized by continuing medical activity, both in private and public (SUS), with a relatively significant percentage still performing shifts for supplementary revenue. Finally, it detects the desire to reconnect to the educational institution, maintaining contact in many ways, but still requires more effective leadership. Conclusions: The sample composed of 1064 graduates showed that there is great appreciation for the continuous pursuit of professional development, represented both by seeking residency programs, postgraduate and specialist titles. Despite being an influential factor, the time since graduation did not harm that interest. The influence of the teacher profile can be reflected in reasonable proportion of professionals seeking teaching as initial insertion or at the end of your medical activity.

Yes

Esta tese analisa o ensino médico brasileiro, nos 200 anos de existência, identificando os marcos e o contexto político, econômico, social e mundial. A metodologia escolhida foi a grounded teory (teoria fundamentada). A análise dos dados foi feita sob a luz do referencial teórico. Do levantamento quantitativo e qualitativo das escolas médicas brasileiras destacam-se distintos momentos de expansão das escolas médicas no Brasil. Registram-se, também, a evolução da criação das escolas médicas, a distribuição regional e os processos de avaliação governamental (Provão/SINAES) e da sociedade (CINAEM). Discute o papel indutor dos mecanismos de incentivos conduzidos pelo Estado, na interface da saúde e da educação. Foi detalhada a distribuição atual das 167 escolas médicas, que ofertaram 16.228 vagas no processo vestibular de 2007. / This work analyzes the Brazilian medical education in the last 200 years, identifying the landmarks and economical-political environment, internally and internationally. The methodology chosen was the grounded theory. The data analysis was made under the theoretical reference. Observing the quantitative and qualitative data of the Brazilian medical schools, distinct moments of expansion are noticed. It is also noticed the evolution of the creation of those schools, along with their regional distribution and the governmental and nongovernmental assessment tools (Provão/SINAES and CINAEM). It discusses the inductive role of incentive mechanisms used by federal government in the health and education interface. It was specified the actual distribution of the 167 medical schools, that offered 16,228 openings in the 2007 recruiting process. In Brazil, there were several different expansion processes of Medical Schools with diverse characteristics.

Esta tese analisa o ensino médico brasileiro, nos 200 anos de existência, identificando os marcos e o contexto político, econômico, social e mundial. A metodologia escolhida foi a grounded teory (teoria fundamentada). A análise dos dados foi feita sob a luz do referencial teórico. Do levantamento quantitativo e qualitativo das escolas médicas brasileiras destacam-se distintos momentos de expansão das escolas médicas no Brasil. Registram-se, também, a evolução da criação das escolas médicas, a distribuição regional e os processos de avaliação governamental (Provão/SINAES) e da sociedade (CINAEM). Discute o papel indutor dos mecanismos de incentivos conduzidos pelo Estado, na interface da saúde e da educação. Foi detalhada a distribuição atual das 167 escolas médicas, que ofertaram 16.228 vagas no processo vestibular de 2007. / This work analyzes the Brazilian medical education in the last 200 years, identifying the landmarks and economical-political environment, internally and internationally. The methodology chosen was the grounded theory. The data analysis was made under the theoretical reference. Observing the quantitative and qualitative data of the Brazilian medical schools, distinct moments of expansion are noticed. It is also noticed the evolution of the creation of those schools, along with their regional distribution and the governmental and nongovernmental assessment tools (Provão/SINAES and CINAEM). It discusses the inductive role of incentive mechanisms used by federal government in the health and education interface. It was specified the actual distribution of the 167 medical schools, that offered 16,228 openings in the 2007 recruiting process. In Brazil, there were several different expansion processes of Medical Schools with diverse characteristics.

No description available.

En la actualidad, se considera al modelo curricular por competencias el más apropiado para la educación médica. Mucho se ha escrito sobre este modelo curricular, sin embargo, un aspecto crucial es la evaluación del desarrollo de las competencias, este es el punto diferente frente al modelo tradicional de evaluación eminentemente cognitivo. La evaluación en el contexto del modelo curricular por competencias debe estar alineada con el perfil de competencias que la institución propone. La presente publicación reporta la experiencia de evaluación en una escuela de Medicina del Perú que aplica un currículo basado en competencias / At present, competency-based curriculum is considered to be the most appropriate model in medical education. Much has been written about this model; however, a crucial aspect of the model is the assessment of competency development which is a different point compared to the traditional model of cognitive assessment. Assessment in the context of the competency- based curriculum model must be aligned with the profile of the competencies that the institution offers. This publication reports the evaluation experience in a Medical School of Peru that applies a competency-based curriculum

Inadequate numbers of physicians skilled at providing specialized care of the elderly, has initiated inquiry as to how medical schools will ensure tomorrow’s physicians are capable of providing the most appropriate care for Canada’s growing population of aging seniors. The Canadian Geriatrics Society has responded to such concerns with the establishment of recommended geriatric learning objectives. This thesis examined the geriatric content of the undergraduate curriculum of Canada’s newest medical school, the Northern Ontario School of Medicine, and compared these findings to the Canadian Geriatrics Society’s recommended ‘Core Competencies in the Care of Older Persons for Canadian Medical Students’. While there was a respectful compliance with the recommendations, findings reveal that five of the twenty recommended competencies were absent in the curriculum objectives. Further, present competencies were found to be unequally distributed across the curriculum in relation to both the year and the teaching setting. The results suggest areas for improvement as recommended competencies are intended as a minimum standard for performance in caring for the elderly.

Canada, like other countries around the world, has health inequities. The literature on social accountability and responsibility urges medical schools to be grounded in the needs of communities to address health inequities. The Canadian professional and regulatory bodies promote the CanMEDS Competencies of which one, the Health Advocate Competency, speaks of addressing community issues. Yet medical schools face challenges actualizing social responsibility and teaching the Health Advocate Competency. Therefore it is important to understand how the teaching of health advocacy and social responsibility is incorporated into the undergraduate curricula of self-defined socially responsible medical schools in Canada. In this study, mixed methods were used beginning with a semi-structured questionnaire administered to undergraduate Course Directors at two medical schools in Canada with a response rate of 74% (n=60). This was followed by a series of open-ended interviews with eleven equity leaders to bring their perspective into the data collection and establish knowledge about frontline intersectional equity work. The major theoretical lens encircling this work was intersectionality which examines historical oppression and how the intersection of gender, race, and class compound health inequities. Questionnaire results made it clear that biomedical ideology and the CanMEDS Medical Expert Competency were privileged in the undergraduate curriculum at the expense of other knowledge such as health advocacy and social responsibility. The objective biomedical discourse ignores or marginalizes important social influences on health which are highlighted by using an intersectional lens. The semi-structured interviews provided rich data about working in an intersectional equity framework highlighting the impact of the intersections of race, gender, class and other identities on health inequities. These interviews also demonstrate the importance of health advocacy in improving health care outcomes and addressing social responsibility. Incorporating intersectionality into previously accepted assessment tools for physicians adds an important dimension to the health care encounter. Explicitly embedding social responsibility and health advocacy in the medical school mission and curriculum is essential to their acceptance. A series of supporting recommendations are offered.

Canada, like other countries around the world, has health inequities. The literature on social accountability and responsibility urges medical schools to be grounded in the needs of communities to address health inequities. The Canadian professional and regulatory bodies promote the CanMEDS Competencies of which one, the Health Advocate Competency, speaks of addressing community issues. Yet medical schools face challenges actualizing social responsibility and teaching the Health Advocate Competency. Therefore it is important to understand how the teaching of health advocacy and social responsibility is incorporated into the undergraduate curricula of self-defined socially responsible medical schools in Canada. In this study, mixed methods were used beginning with a semi-structured questionnaire administered to undergraduate Course Directors at two medical schools in Canada with a response rate of 74% (n=60). This was followed by a series of open-ended interviews with eleven equity leaders to bring their perspective into the data collection and establish knowledge about frontline intersectional equity work. The major theoretical lens encircling this work was intersectionality which examines historical oppression and how the intersection of gender, race, and class compound health inequities. Questionnaire results made it clear that biomedical ideology and the CanMEDS Medical Expert Competency were privileged in the undergraduate curriculum at the expense of other knowledge such as health advocacy and social responsibility. The objective biomedical discourse ignores or marginalizes important social influences on health which are highlighted by using an intersectional lens. The semi-structured interviews provided rich data about working in an intersectional equity framework highlighting the impact of the intersections of race, gender, class and other identities on health inequities. These interviews also demonstrate the importance of health advocacy in improving health care outcomes and addressing social responsibility. Incorporating intersectionality into previously accepted assessment tools for physicians adds an important dimension to the health care encounter. Explicitly embedding social responsibility and health advocacy in the medical school mission and curriculum is essential to their acceptance. A series of supporting recommendations are offered.